Eliticide or elitocide is "the killing of the leadership, the educated, and the clergy of a group." It is usually carried out during the beginning of a genocide to cripple a possible resistance movement against its perpetrators. Eliticide occurred in the Armenian genocide, the German–Soviet occupation of Poland, the Cambodian genocide, the Isaaq genocide,[1] Bolshevik Red Terror in Russia and instances of eliticide during the Yugoslav Wars.[2] The term was first used in 1992 by British reporter Michael Nicholson to describe the Bijeljina massacre in Bosnia and Herzegovina:[3] during the Bosnian War, local Serbs would point out prominent Bosniaks to be killed afterwards by Serb soldiers.[4] [5]
Eliticide is also carried out in cases of political revolutions supported by the people and targeted against the elites of the overthrown establishment, rather than being unpopular and indiscriminatory, as in the above cases of genocide. For example, during the French Revolution the revolutionaries executed members of the feudal Ancien Régime by the public use of the guillotine.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Pakulski 2016, p. 40.
- ^ Totten & Bartrop 2008, p. 129.
- ^ Gratz 2011, pp. 409–410.
- ^ Totten & Bartrop 2008, p. 130.
- ^ Bartrop & Jacobs 2014, p. 2232.
References
edit- Bartrop, Paul R.; Jacobs, Steven Leonard (2014). Modern Genocide: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1610693646.
- Gratz, Dennis (2011). "Elitocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its Impact on the Contemporary Understanding of the Crime of Genocide". Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 39 (3): 409–424. doi:10.1080/00905992.2011.565318. ISSN 0090-5992. S2CID 153479394.
- Pakulski, Jan (2016). "State Violence and the Eliticide in Poland 1935–49". In Killingsworth, Matt; Sussex, Matthew; Pakulski, Jan (eds.). Violence and the State. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 40–62. ISBN 978-1784997168.
- Totten, Samuel; Bartrop, Paul R. (2008). Dictionary of Genocide. Vol. I. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0313346422.