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Egyptian stelae in the Levant

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The Egyptian Stelae in the Levant are the approximately 25 Ancient Egyptian stelae discovered in the Levant, today known as Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine and Jordan.[1] The most notable examples are the Stelae of Nahr el-Kalb and the Beisan steles.

Only five pharaohs are represented: Thutmosis III and his son Amenophis II (1479 - 1401 BC, both 18th dynasty), Seti I and his son Ramesses II and (1290 BC to 1213 BC, both 19th dynasty), and Shoshenq I (943–922 BC, 22nd dynasty).

List of known stelae edit

Original location Image Pharaoh / year Preservation Discovery date Current location Ref.
Stelae of Nahr el-Kalb   Ramesses II, year 4 rock-stela, eroded 1697 in situ [2]
  Ramesses II, year 10 rock-stela, eroded 1697
  Ramesses II rock-stela, eroded, vandalized in 1860/61 1697
Aadloun stele   Ramesses II rock-stela, eroded since destroyed ? in situ, now destroyed
Al-Shaykh Saad   Ramesses II complete, eroded 1891 (unknown) [3]
Tell Shihab   Seti I Fragment 1901 Istanbul [4]
Byblos   Ramesses II, year 4 Two fragments 1919 Beirut
Tell al-Nabi Mando   Seti I Fragment 1921 Aleppo
Beisan steles   Seti I Fragment 1921 Rockefeller Archeological Museum
  Seti I, year 1 Complete 1923
  Ramesses II, year 18 Complete 1923 Penn Museum
Ramesses II Two fragments 1923, 1925 Jerusalem and Penn Museum [5]
Tel Megiddo   Sheshonq I Fragment 1925-29 Jerusalem [6][7]
Tell el-'Oreimeh Thutmosis III or Amenophis II Fragment 1928 Deganya [8]
Byblos Thutmosis III (?) Fragment 1933-38 Beirut
Tyre Seti I Two fragments 1960s
Ramesses II Fragment 1960s
  Ramesses II Fragment prior to 1975
Al-Kiswah Ramesses II, year 56 Fragment 1994 Damascus
at-Turra Ramesses II Fragment 1999 in situ
Maydaa   2010 [9]

See also edit

Bibliography edit

  • Wimmer, Stefan Jakob [in German] (2002). "A New Stela of Ramesses II in Jordan in the Context of Egyptian Royal Stelae in the Levant". Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. doi:10.5282/UBM/EPUB.14236. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  • Weinstein, James M. (1981). "The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (241). American Schools of Oriental Research: 1–28. doi:10.2307/1356708. eISSN 2161-8062. ISSN 0003-097X. JSTOR 1356708. S2CID 164015977. Retrieved 2023-04-23.

References edit

  1. ^ Wimmer, Stefan Jakob [in German] (2002). "A New Stela of Ramesses II in Jordan in the Context of Egyptian Royal Stelae in the Levant". Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. doi:10.5282/UBM/EPUB.14236. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
  2. ^ Weißbach, Franz Heinrich [in German] (1922), Theodor Wiegand (ed.), "Die Denkmäler und Inschriften an der Mündung des Nahr el-Kelb", Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichungen des deutsch-türkischen Denkmalschutz-Kommandos (6), de Gruyter
  3. ^ Schumacher, G. (1891). "Der Hiobstein, Sachrat Eijub, im Hauran". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 14. Deutscher verein zur Erforschung Palästinas: 142–147. ISSN 2192-3124. JSTOR 27928608. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  4. ^ Smith, 1901, p. 347 ff
  5. ^ https://www.penn.museum/collections/object/198551
  6. ^ Chapman III, Rupert L. (2009). "Putting Sheshonq I in his Place". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 141 (1). Informa UK Limited: 4–17. doi:10.1179/174313009x387617. ISSN 0031-0328. S2CID 218661383.
  7. ^ "OIC 4. The Excavation of Armageddon". Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  8. ^ Albright, W. F.; Rowe, Alan (1928). "A Royal Stele of the New Empire from Galilee". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 14 (3/4). Egypt Exploration Society: 281–287. doi:10.1177/030751332801400157. ISSN 0307-5133. JSTOR 3854305. S2CID 194005637. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
  9. ^ Lagarce, Bérénice (2010). "UNE STÈLE RAMESSIDE À MEYDAA (RÉGION DE DAMAS) ET LA PRÉSENCE ÉGYPTIENNE EN UPÉ". Syria. 87 (87). Institut Francais du Proche-Orient: 53–68. doi:10.4000/syria.652. ISSN 0039-7946. JSTOR 41681330. S2CID 193681904. Retrieved 2023-04-17.<
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