Yoganidrasana, (Sanskrit: योगनिद्रासन) or Yogic Sleep Pose is a reclining forward-bending asana in modern yoga as exercise. It is sometimes called Supta Garbhasana (Reclining Embryo Pose).[1] The name Dvi Pada Sirsasana is given to the balancing form of the pose.
In hatha yoga, the pose was used in Pasini Mudra, the noose mudra, a seal to prevent the escape of prana; it was not an asana.
Etymology and origins as a mudra
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The name of this pose comes from योग yoga meaning "uniting", निद्र nidra meaning "sleep", and आसन āsana meaning "posture" or "seat".[2] The asana's name derives from the yogic sleep mentioned in the Hindu epic Mahabharata:[3]
[The Ocean] becomes the bed of the lotus-naveled Vishnu when at the termination of every Yuga that deity of immeasurable power enjoys yoga nidra, the deep sleep under the spell of spiritual meditation.
— Mahabharata, Book 1, section XXI
Yoganidrasana is described in the 17th century Haṭha Ratnāvalī 3.70.[4] The pose is illustrated in an 18th century painting of the eight yoga chakras in Mysore.[5] It is illustrated as "Pasini Mudra" (not an asana) in Theos Bernard's 1943 book Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience.[6] Pasini Mudra is described in the Gheranda Samhita 3.84: "Throw the two legs on the neck towards the back, holding them strongly together like a noose (Paśa). This is called Paśini Mudra; it awakens the Shakti (Kundalini)."[7] In the 20th century, the pose appears as an asana in works such as the 1966 Light on Yoga.[2]
Description
editIn Yoganidrasana, the back is on the ground, the feet are crossed behind the head, and the arms are wrapped around the legs and body, the hands clasped behind the lower back.[2][8] The effect is of a strong forward bend; B. K. S. Iyengar rates its difficulty as 18 out of 60.[2][9] The practice is said to warm the body rapidly.[2][10]
In Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga, the pose is in the intermediate series.[8]
Variations
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Dvi Pada Sirsasana (Sanskrit द्विपाद शीर्षासन dvi pāda śīrṣāsana, literally "two foot head pose" and in English "Both Feet Behind the Head pose")[11] has the same limb positions, but the body is balanced upright. This is difficult, as there is a tendency to fall backwards.[12] A preparatory pose, also advanced, is Eka Pada Sirsasana, in which just one foot is placed behind the head. The names of the two poses are confused in literature. Light on Yoga uses the name Eka Pada Sirsasana both for the preparation for Dvi Pada Sirsasana, and for a headstand with one leg up, one leg down, a variation of Sirsasana. In Sivananda Yoga, as described by Vishnudevananda Saraswati, the pose with both feet behind the head is named "Dwipada Sirasan" (sic) or "head-knee pose". Other authors treat Dvi Pada Sirsasana (a Headstand variation) and Janusirsasana (Head to Knee Pose, a forward bend) as quite different poses.[13] In the 19th century Sritattvanidhi, another pose named Aranyachatakasana, the Forest Sparrow Pose, was described and illustrated. It matches Light on Yoga's description of Dvi Pada Sirsasana.[14]
In literature
editThe pose appears in Barbara Henning's 2005 novel You, Me and the Insects, where the protagonist travels to India to study with a meditation and hatha yoga master.[15]
See also
edit- Garbha Pindasana - another upright pose with a similar arrangement
- Uttana Kurmasana - a seated forward bending pose with a similar leg position
- Yoganidra - "yogic sleep", a meditative reclining practice
References
edit- ^ "Supta-Garhbasana". OMGYAN. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Iyengar 1979, pp. 304–307.
- ^ "Mahabharata Book 1 Section XXI". Sacred Texts. Retrieved 12 April 2019.
- ^ Birch, Jason; Hargreaves, Jacqueline. "Yoganidrā". Embodied Philosophy. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
- ^ Sjoman 1999, pp. 80, 89, 96.
- ^ Bernard, Theos (2007). Hatha yoga : the report of a personal experience. Harmony. p. 128, plate 27. ISBN 978-0-9552412-2-2. OCLC 230987898.
- ^ Bhatt, Govardhan P. (2004). The Forceful Yoga: Being the Translation of Haṭhayoga-pradīpikā, Gheraṇḍa-saṁhitā and Śiva-saṁhitā. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 114. ISBN 978-81-208-2055-5.
- ^ a b Maehle, Gregor (2012). Ashtanga Yoga - The Intermediate Series: Mythology, Anatomy, and Practice. New World Library. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-57731-987-0.
- ^ Doane, Nicki; Modestini, Eddie (28 August 2007). "Get Wrapped Up in Yogic Sleep Pose". Yoga Journal. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
- ^ Vasireddy, Nishanth Babu (31 July 2015). "Yoganidrasana". Abhyasa Yoga. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
- ^ "Dvi-Pada Shirshasana". Ashtanga Yoga. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
- ^ Iyengar 1979, pp. 307–308.
- ^ Vishnudevananda 1988, pp. plates 71, 74.
- ^ Sjoman 1999, pp. 82 and plate 15, pose 89.
- ^ Henning, Barbara (2005). You, Me and the Insects: A Novel : Mysore, India. Spuyten Duyvil. pp. 32, 263. ISBN 978-0-9720662-6-6.
Sources
edit- Iyengar, B. K. S. (1979) [1966]. Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika. Thorsons. ISBN 978-1855381667.
- Sjoman, Norman E. (1999). The Yoga Tradition of the Mysore Palace. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-389-2.
- Vishnudevananda, Swami (1988) [1960]. The Complete Illustrated Book of Yoga. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-517-88431-3.