Dunedin North (previously known as North Dunedin) is a former New Zealand parliamentary electorate, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was established for the 1905 election and has existed since. It was last held by David Clark of the New Zealand Labour Party, who replaced the long-standing representative Pete Hodgson. It was considered a safe Labour seat, with Labour holding the seat for all but one term (1975–1978) since 1928. In the 2020 electoral boundary review, Otago Peninsula (previously in the Dunedin South electorate) was added to the area to address a population quota shortfall; with this change the electorate was succeeded by the Dunedin electorate in the 2020 election.
Population centres
editThrough the City Single Electorates Act, 1903, the three-member electorates of the four main centres were split again, and this became effective at the end of the 15th Parliament and was thus used for the 1905 election. The City of Dunedin electorate was split into the Dunedin Central, Dunedin North, and Dunedin South electorates.[1][2]
Due to World War II, the 1941 census was postponed. The next census was brought forward to 1945 so that the significant changes in population since the 1936 census could be taken into consideration in a 1946 electoral redistribution prior to the scheduled 1946 general election. At the same time, the Labour government abolished the country quota. The electoral redistribution changed all 76 electorates.[3] When the draft electoral redistribution was released for consultation in early April 1946, it was proposed for the Dunedin North electorate to be abolished and most of its area was supposed to go to a re-created Chalmers electorate.[4] Based on consultation feedback, the Port Chalmers Borough became part of the Oamaru electorate. With such a geographic change, the proposed name of Chalmers electorate was no longer viable and the name changed to North Dunedin electorate instead.[5] Apart from the Port Chalmers Borough going to Oamaru, there was little change in geographic area covered when Dunedin North became North Dunedin.[6] In the 1952 electoral redistribution, the Oamaru electorate expanded further inland and its southern boundary moved north, resulting in the area north of Dunedin Harbour all going to North Dunedin.[7] In the 1957 electoral redistribution, North Dunedin became more rural in nature by expanding towards the north (the Oamaru electorate was split between North Dunedin, Otago Central and Waitaki at this point).[8]
The North Dunedin electorate was renamed Dunedin North in the 1962 electoral redistribution prior to the 1963 election. The character of the electorate changed significantly and it became urban again.[1][9] In the 1967 electoral redistribution, the North Dunedin electorate moved south, losing the Port Chalmers Borough once more to the re-established Oamaru electorate but gaining area from Dunedin Central.[10] In the 1972 electoral redistribution, Port Chalmers came back to the Dunedin North electorate.[11] There were only minor boundary changes in the 1977 electoral redistribution,[12] but a significant urban shift to the south occurred through the 1983 electoral redistribution, when the Dunedin Central electorate was subsumed by Dunedin North and Dunedin West.[13] There were further boundary changes through the 1987 electoral redistribution.[14]
The 2013 redistribution saw the electorate expand to include Palmerston, Macraes Flat, Moeraki, Hampden and Herbert-Waianakarua.[15] In its final shape from 2014 to 2020, the Dunedin North electorate covered the northern half of the city of Dunedin. It was bordered by Waitaki in the north, Dunedin South in west, south, and south-east, and the Pacific Ocean in the north-east.
The electorate covered what is the equivalent of the Waikouaiti Coast-Chalmers ward of the Dunedin City Council outside the actual urban area of Dunedin. This included the population centre of Waikouaiti, Karitane, Waitati, Seacliff, Warrington, Port Chalmers, Sawyers Bay, Roseneath, and Aramoana.
In urban Dunedin it covered most of northern, central and western Dunedin. This included the city centre and the suburbs of City Rise, Pine Hill, Dunedin North, North East Valley, Opoho, Ravensbourne, Mornington, Roslyn, Maori Hill, Leith Valley, Kaikorai Valley, Brockville, Halfway Bush, and Wakari.
Socio-economic make-up
editA notable influence on voting patterns in the electorate was the location of the University of Otago and Otago Polytechnic in Dunedin North. The electorate has the highest proportion of persons aged 15 to 19 in the country, with 14.1%. It also has the highest proportion of people on a student allowance (8.8%), employed in the education and training industry (11.7%), and employed in the health care and social assistance industry (12.3%).[16]
The Dunedin North electorate has a low rate of enrolment compared to New Zealand as a whole. As of 31 May 2012, 78.4% of the estimate eligible population was enrolled to vote, compared to 92.8% nationally. The figure was brought down by the low number of people aged 18 to 24 enrolled — less than half (47.5%) of the estimated eligible population was enrolled, compared to 75.2% nationally. Enrolments of those aged 25 and over are comparable to the national averages.[17]
History
editThe first representative was Alfred Richard Barclay, who had previously represented the City of Dunedin electorate.[18] In the 1908 election, he was defeated by G. M. Thomson, who served for two parliamentary terms before being defeated.[19]
Barclay was succeeded by Andrew Walker representing the United Labour Party in the 1914 election. The remnants of United Labour formed the New Zealand Labour Party in 1916 and Walker became the new party's first President. He served for one parliamentary term until the 1919 election, when he was defeated by the Independent Edward Kellett. Kellett died during the parliamentary term on 15 May 1922,[20] and this caused the 1922 by-election, which was won by Jim Munro.[21]
Munro was confirmed at the 1922 general election,[21] but was defeated by Harold Tapley in the 1925 election.[22] Munro in turn defeated Tapley at the 1928 election and then served the electorate until his death on 27 May 1945.[21]
Munro's death caused the 1945 by-election, which was won by Robert Walls.[21] Walls served the electorate until his death on 6 November 1953. This caused the 1953 by-election, which was won by Ethel McMillan, who served the electorate until her retirement in 1975.
McMillan was succeeded by Richard Walls of the National Party in the 1975 election, who held the electorate for one parliamentary term before being defeated by Labour's Stan Rodger in the 1978 election. Rodger retired in 1990 and was succeeded by Pete Hodgson. Hodgson served the electorate until his retirement in 2011.[23] Hodgson was succeeded by David Clark in the 2011 election, when he beat Michael Woodhouse. In the 2014 election, Clark was again successful against Woodhouse and managed to increase his majority.[24]
In the 2019/2020 electoral boundary review, the Electoral Commission added the Otago Peninsula area to the Dunedin North electorate. The electorate's area had to grow as it 5.8% below its population quota, where the maximum allowable quota is capped to 5%. This change in area required the name of the electorate to be changed to Dunedin.[25][26]
Members of Parliament
editKey
Liberal–Labour Independent Reform United Labour Labour Independent Labour National Green ACT
List MPs
editMembers of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Dunedin North electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
| Election | Winner | |
|---|---|---|
| 1999 election | Katherine Rich | |
| 2002 election | ||
| 2005 election | ||
| 2008 election | Metiria Turei | |
| Michael Woodhouse | ||
| 2010 | Hilary Calvert[a] | |
| 2011 election | Metiria Turei | |
| Michael Woodhouse | ||
| 2014 election | Metiria Turei | |
| Michael Woodhouse | ||
| 2017 election | Michael Woodhouse | |
Election results
edit2017 election
edit| 2017 general election: Dunedin North[27] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour |  David Clark
|
21,259 | 57.48 | +10.08 | 17,808 | 47.63 | +15.81 | ||
| National | Michael Woodhouse | 9,505 | 25.70 | −4.51 | 10,382 | 27.77 | −4.49 | ||
| Green | Niki Bould | 3,053 | 8.25 | −9.12 | 5,110 | 13.67 | −9.27 | ||
| Opportunities | Abe Gray | 1,645 | 4.45 | — | 1,535 | 4.11 | — | ||
| NZ First | Warren Voight | 1,069 | 2.89 | — | 1,899 | 5.08 | +1.67 | ||
| ACT | Sam Purchas | 150 | 0.40 | — | 157 | 0.41 | +0.09 | ||
| Independent | Adrian Daegal Graamans | 71 | 0.19 | −0.12 | |||||
| Independent | Stan Lusby | 38 | 0.01 | −0.17 | |||||
| Māori Party | 108 | 0.29 | −0.06 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 89 | 0.24 | −0.25 | ||||||
| Conservative | 60 | 0.16 | −2.57 | ||||||
| Ban 1080 | 55 | 0.15 | −0.02 | ||||||
| United Future | 20 | 0.08 | −0.17 | ||||||
| People's Party | 17 | 0.05 | — | ||||||
| Democrats | 15 | 0.04 | −0.07 | ||||||
| Outdoors | 14 | 0.04 | — | ||||||
| Mana Party | 11 | 0.03 | — | ||||||
| Internet | 10 | 0.03 | — | ||||||
| Informal votes | 195 | 86 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 36,985 | 37,385 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 11,754 | 31.78 | +11.92 | |||||
2014 election
edit| 2014 general election: Dunedin North[28] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | David Clark
|
16,315 | 47.40 | +3.15 | 11,147 | 31.82 | −1.98 | ||
| National | Michael Woodhouse | 10,398 | 30.21 | −2.14 | 11,302 | 32.26 | −0.13 | ||
| Green | Metiria Turei | 5,978 | 17.37 | −2.14 | 8,035 | 22.94 | −0.45 | ||
| Conservative | Jonathan Daley | 621 | 1.80 | +1.80 | 956 | 2.73 | +1.38 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Abe Gray | 580 | 1.69 | +0.33 | 172 | 0.49 | −0.08 | ||
| Internet | Rob Stewart | 255 | 0.74 | +0.74 | |||||
| Independent | Adrian Daegal Graamans | 106 | 0.31 | +0.31 | |||||
| Democrats | Miriam Mowat | 159 | 0.31 | −0.36 | 37 | 0.11 | −0.10 | ||
| Independent | Stan Lusby | 62 | 0.18 | +0.18 | |||||
| NZ First | 2,364 | 6.75 | +1.06 | ||||||
| Internet Mana | 603 | 1.72 | +1.12[b] | ||||||
| Māori Party | 124 | 0.35 | −0.07 | ||||||
| ACT | 111 | 0.32 | −0.41 | ||||||
| United Future | 86 | 0.25 | −0.29 | ||||||
| Ban 1080 | 60 | 0.17 | +0.17 | ||||||
| Civilian | 27 | 0.08 | +0.08 | ||||||
| Independent Coalition | 7 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
| Focus | 1 | 0.00 | +0.00 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 216 | 99 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 34,636 | 35,131 | |||||||
| Turnout | 35,230 | 79.88 | +11.50 | ||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 5,917 | 17.19 | +5.29 | |||||
2011 election
edit| 2011 general election: Dunedin North[29] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | David Clark | 12,976 | 44.25 | −8.37 | 10,127 | 33.80 | −10.44 | ||
| National | Michael Woodhouse | 9,487 | 32.35 | +1.71 | 9,707 | 32.39 | +3.04 | ||
| Green | Metiria Turei | 5,721 | 19.51 | +8.42 | 7,010 | 23.39 | +7.58 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Julian Crawford | 398 | 1.36 | −0.13 | 172 | 0.57 | +0.14 | ||
| Alliance | Victor Billot | 210 | 0.72 | −0.66 | 50 | 0.17 | −0.15 | ||
| Democrats | Jeremy Noble | 196 | 0.67 | +0.35 | 62 | 0.21 | +0.10 | ||
| United Future | Peter George | 176 | 0.60 | −0.10 | 183 | 0.61 | −0.33 | ||
| ACT | Guy McCallum | 159 | 0.54 | −1.22 | 218 | 0.73 | −1.54 | ||
| NZ First | 1,706 | 5.69 | +2.27 | ||||||
| Conservative | 405 | 1.35 | +1.35 | ||||||
| Mana | 181 | 0.60 | +0.60 | ||||||
| Māori Party | 126 | 0.42 | −0.28 | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 18 | 0.06 | +0.03 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 448 | 190 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 29,323 | 29,965 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 3,489 | 11.90 | −10.09 | |||||
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 40,356[30]
2008 election
edit| 2008 general election: Dunedin North[31] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Pete Hodgson
|
17,127 | 52.62 | −2.46 | 14,608 | 44.24 | −10.58 | ||
| National | Michael Woodhouse | 9,972 | 30.64 | −0.79 | 9,692 | 29.35 | +4.21 | ||
| Green | Metiria Turei | 3,611 | 11.09 | +3.64 | 5,221 | 15.81 | +4.99 | ||
| ACT | Hilary Calvert | 573 | 1.76 | +1.15 | 749 | 2.27 | +1.28 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Julian Crawford | 483 | 1.48 | −0.06 | 143 | 0.43 | +0.14 | ||
| Alliance | Victor Billot | 448 | 1.38 | +0.54 | 106 | 0.32 | +0.12 | ||
| United Future | Mary Edwards | 228 | 0.70 | −1.32 | 312 | 0.94 | −1.82 | ||
| Democrats | Olive McRae | 105 | 0.32 | +0.32 | 36 | 0.11 | +0.05 | ||
| NZ First | 1,132 | 3.43 | +0.58 | ||||||
| Progressive | 310 | 0.94 | −1.38 | ||||||
| Bill and Ben | 252 | 0.76 | +0.76 | ||||||
| Māori Party | 230 | 0.70 | +0.41 | ||||||
| Kiwi | 125 | 0.38 | +0.38 | ||||||
| Family Party | 57 | 0.17 | +0.17 | ||||||
| Workers Party | 18 | 0.05 | +0.05 | ||||||
| Pacific | 14 | 0.04 | +0.04 | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 9 | 0.03 | −0.01 | ||||||
| RAM | 4 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
| RONZ | 2 | 0.01 | −0.01 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 234 | 89 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 32,547 | 33,020 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 7,155 | 21.98 | −1.67 | |||||
2005 election
edit| 2005 general election: Dunedin North | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Pete Hodgson
|
17,769 | 55.08 | −4.42 | 17,915 | 54.82 | +5.11 | ||
| National | Katherine Rich | 10,139 | 31.02 | +7.94 | 8,217 | 25.14 | +8.95 | ||
| Green | Philippa Jamieson | 2,405 | 7.46 | +0.59 | 3,536 | 10.82 | −1.54 | ||
| United Future | Mark Peters | 652 | 2.02 | −0.34 | 901 | 2.76 | −2.78 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Jason Baker-Sherman | 498 | 1.54 | −0.51 | 95 | 0.29 | −0.42 | ||
| Progressive | James Boyack | 330 | 1.02 | −0.02 | 431 | 1.32 | −0.65 | ||
| Alliance | Victor Billot | 270 | 0.84 | −1.14 | 65 | 0.20 | −2.89 | ||
| ACT | Willie Martin | 196 | 0.61 | −1.15 | 322 | 0.99 | −3.20 | ||
| NZ First | 931 | 2.85 | −1.61 | ||||||
| Māori Party | 96 | 0.29 | +0.29 | ||||||
| Destiny | 78 | 0.24 | +0.24 | ||||||
| Christian Heritage | 35 | 0.11 | −0.72 | ||||||
| Democrats | 21 | 0.06 | +0.06 | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 14 | 0.04 | +0.04 | ||||||
| 99 MP | 10 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
| Direct Democracy | 4 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
| One NZ | 4 | 0.01 | −0.04 | ||||||
| RONZ | 4 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
| Family Rights | 3 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 241 | 71 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 32,259 | 32,682 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 7,630 | 23.65 | −12.36 | |||||
2002 election
edit| 2002 general election: Dunedin North[32] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Pete Hodgson
|
17,573 | 59.50 | −0.88 | 14,866 | 49.71 | +1.83 | ||
| National | Katherine Rich | 6,936 | 23.49 | −3.76 | 4,841 | 16.19 | −4.26 | ||
| Green | Philippa Direen | 2,028 | 6.87 | +2.65 | 3,697 | 12.36 | +4.93 | ||
| United Future | Todd Whitcombe | 697 | 2.36 | +2.36 | 1,658 | 5.54 | +5.54 | ||
| Legalise Cannabis | Paul John McMullan | 606 | 2.05 | +0.13 | 212 | 0.71 | +0.71 | ||
| Alliance | Carolyn Payne-Harker | 586 | 1.98 | −4.32 | 924 | 3.09 | −9.32 | ||
| ACT | Willie Martin | 520 | 1.76 | −1.17 | 1,254 | 4.19 | −0.53 | ||
| Progressive | Frede Jorgensen | 306 | 1.04 | +1.04 | 588 | 1.97 | +1.97 | ||
| Christian Heritage | Glenn Peoples | 280 | 0.95 | −0.94 | 248 | 0.83 | +0.83 | ||
| NZ First | 1,333 | 4.46 | +3.74 | ||||||
| ORNZ | 253 | 0.85 | +0.85 | ||||||
| One NZ | 15 | 0.05 | +0.05 | ||||||
| Mana Māori | 9 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
| NMP | 6 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 291 | 99 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 29,532 | 29,904 | |||||||
| Turnout | 29,904 | 79.1 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 10,637 | 36.01 | −4.64 | |||||
1999 election
edit| 1999 general election: Dunedin North[33][34] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Pete Hodgson
|
18,856 | 60.38 | 15,052 | 47.88 | ||||
| National | Katherine Rich | 6,161 | 19.73 | 6,427 | 20.45 | ||||
| Alliance | Quentin Findlay | 1,968 | 6.30 | 3,902 | 12.41 | ||||
| Green | Michael Tritt | 1,318 | 4.22 | 2,336 | 7.43 | ||||
| ACT | Hilary Calvert | 915 | 2.93 | 1,485 | 4.72 | ||||
| Legalise Cannabis | Paul John McMullan | 599 | 1.92 | 397 | 1.26 | ||||
| Christian Heritage | David Harris | 589 | 1.89 | 651 | 2.07 | ||||
| South Island | Alan McDonald | 404 | 1.29 | 216 | 0.69 | ||||
| NZ First | Donna Waipouri-Baxter | 224 | 0.72 | 401 | 1.28 | ||||
| McGillicuddy Serious | Bernard Smith | 152 | 0.49 | 46 | 0.15 | ||||
| NMP | Patrick Byrne | 41 | 0.13 | 28 | 0.09 | ||||
| Christian Democrats | 185 | 0.59 | |||||||
| United NZ | 151 | 0.48 | |||||||
| Libertarianz | 64 | 0.20 | |||||||
| Animals First | 49 | 0.16 | |||||||
| Natural Law | 15 | 0.05 | |||||||
| One NZ | 12 | 0.04 | |||||||
| Mana Māori | 9 | 0.03 | |||||||
| Freedom Movement | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
| The People's Choice | 2 | 0.006 | |||||||
| Mauri Pacific | 1 | 0.003 | |||||||
| Republican | 0 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Informal votes | 384 | 176 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 31,227 | 31,435 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 12,695 | 40.65 | ||||||
1996 election
edit| 1996 general election: Dunedin North[35][36][37] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Pete Hodgson
|
17,375 | 52.32 | 13,449 | 40.15 | ||||
| National | Margie Stevens | 7,168 | 21.58 | 8,304 | 24.79 | ||||
| Alliance | Jim Flynn | 4,488 | 13.51 | 4,648 | 13.88 | ||||
| NZ First | Neil Benson | 1,824 | 5.49 | 2,224 | 6.64 | ||||
| ACT | Michael Steeneveld | 1,157 | 3.48 | 1,452 | 4.33 | ||||
| United NZ | Graeme Brown | 553 | 1.67 | 718 | 2.14 | ||||
| McGillicuddy Serious | Doug Mackie | 453 | 1.36 | 120 | 0.36 | ||||
| Natural Law | Mary-Anne McGregor | 193 | 0.58 | 56 | 0.17 | ||||
| Christian Coalition | 1,198 | 3.58 | |||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 1,100 | 3.28 | |||||||
| Animals First | 75 | 0.22 | |||||||
| Progressive Green | 63 | 0.19 | |||||||
| Green Society | 28 | 0.08 | |||||||
| Mana Māori | 20 | 0.06 | |||||||
| Ethnic Minority Party | 12 | 0.04 | |||||||
| Asia Pacific United | 8 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Superannuitants & Youth | 7 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Libertarianz | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Conservatives | 5 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Advance New Zealand | 4 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Te Tawharau | 0 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Informal votes | 386 | 100 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 33,211 | 33,497 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 10,207 | 30.73 | ||||||
1993 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Pete Hodgson | 9,119 | 43.52 | −2.77 | |
| National | Hugh Perkins | 5,325 | 25.41 | ||
| Alliance | Jim Flynn | 5,022 | 23.97 | ||
| NZ First | Eileen Rodriguez | 776 | 3.70 | ||
| Christian Heritage | Louise Storm | 368 | 1.75 | ||
| McGillicuddy Serious | Murray Kennedy | 267 | 1.27 | ||
| Natural Law | Leigh Bush | 73 | 0.34 | ||
| Majority | 3,794 | 18.10 | +7.08 | ||
| Turnout | 20,950 | 85.52 | −1.08 | ||
| Registered electors | 24,495 | ||||
1990 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Pete Hodgson | 9,807 | 46.29 | ||
| National | Gael Donoghue | 7,471 | 35.26 | ||
| Green | Antony Deaker | 2,228 | 10.51 | +8.30 | |
| NewLabour | Chris Trotter | 1,127 | 5.31 | ||
| McGillicuddy Serious | Daryl Aylward | 181 | 0.85 | ||
| Social Credit | Graeme Mason | 148 | 0.69 | ||
| Democrats | George Goddard | 146 | 0.68 | ||
| NZ Party | A Blackadder | 68 | 0.32 | ||
| Communist League | Stan Lusby | 10 | 0.04 | ||
| Majority | 2,336 | 11.02 | |||
| Turnout | 21,186 | 86.60 | −0.64 | ||
| Registered electors | 24,462 | ||||
1987 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Stan Rodger | 12,565 | 62.30 | +10.24 | |
| National | Sean Davison | 6,031 | 29.90 | ||
| Democrats | Jack Begley | 725 | 3.59 | ||
| Independent | Antony Deaker | 446 | 2.21 | ||
| Wizard Party | W P Everson | 178 | 0.88 | +0.17 | |
| McGillicuddy Serious | W J Gumbley | 148 | 0.73 | ||
| Ind. NZ Party | Murray Menzies | 75 | 0.37 | +0.10 | |
| Majority | 6,534 | 32.39 | +8.04 | ||
| Turnout | 20,168 | 87.24 | −4.07 | ||
| Registered electors | 23,116 | ||||
1984 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Stan Rodger | 10,964 | 52.06 | −1.76 | |
| National | Barbara Henderson | 5,835 | 27.70 | ||
| NZ Party | Lee Vandervis | 3,010 | 14.29 | ||
| Social Credit | Craig Paddon | 966 | 4.58 | ||
| Wizard Party | W P Everson | 151 | 0.71 | −0.20 | |
| Independent | C A Nixon | 74 | 0.35 | ||
| Ind. NZ Party | Murray Menzies | 58 | 0.27 | ||
| Majority | 5,129 | 24.35 | +1.02 | ||
| Turnout | 21,058 | 91.31 | +2.27 | ||
| Registered electors | 23,062 | ||||
1981 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Stan Rodger | 10,039 | 53.82 | +5.23 | |
| National | Des Bleach | 5,606 | 30.05 | ||
| Social Credit | Hamish Woods | 2,835 | 15.20 | ||
| Wizard Party | W P Everson | 171 | 0.91 | ||
| Majority | 4,733 | 25.37 | +11.42 | ||
| Turnout | 18,651 | 89.04 | +19.97 | ||
| Registered electors | 20,946 | ||||
1978 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Stan Rodger | 9,846 | 48.19 | ||
| National | Richard Walls | 6,996 | 34.24 | −9.95 | |
| Social Credit | M J Sheppard | 2,228 | 10.90 | ||
| Values | P R J Brook | 799 | 3.91 | ||
| Independent | John O'Neill | 559 | 2.73 | ||
| Majority | 2,850 | 13.95 | |||
| Turnout | 20,428 | 69.07 | −14.89 | ||
| Registered electors | 29,573 | ||||
1975 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Richard Walls | 8,740 | 44.19 | ||
| Labour | Brian Arnold | 7,782 | 39.34 | ||
| Values | Peter Sutton | 2,075 | 10.49 | ||
| Social Credit | Ivan Harper | 1,180 | 5.96 | ||
| Majority | 958 | 4.84 | |||
| Turnout | 19,777 | 83.96 | −6.02 | ||
| Registered electors | 23,553 | ||||
1972 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ethel McMillan | 9,211 | 53.91 | −0.91 | |
| National | John Wallis | 5,191 | 30.38 | ||
| Values | Geoff Neill | 1,801 | 10.54 | ||
| Social Credit | Joy Clapham | 830 | 4.85 | ||
| New Democratic | Patrick James Pullar | 51 | 0.29 | ||
| Majority | 4,020 | 23.53 | +5.12 | ||
| Turnout | 17,084 | 89.98 | +2.03 | ||
| Registered electors | 18,985 | ||||
1969 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ethel McMillan | 8,721 | 54.82 | +2.29 | |
| National | Iona Williams | 5,729 | 36.01 | ||
| Social Credit | A W Fagg | 1,129 | 7.09 | −6.25 | |
| Democratic Labour | Jamie Wedderspoon | 224 | 1.40 | ||
| Independent | J C M McPhee | 103 | 0.64 | ||
| Majority | 2,929 | 18.41 | −0.01 | ||
| Turnout | 15,906 | 87.65 | +1.60 | ||
| Registered electors | 18,147 | ||||
1966 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ethel McMillan | 8,079 | 52.53 | −0.99 | |
| National | George Barry Gerard | 5,246 | 34.11 | ||
| Social Credit | A W Fagg | 2,052 | 13.34 | ||
| Majority | 2,833 | 18.42 | +2.74 | ||
| Turnout | 15,377 | 86.05 | −3.96 | ||
| Registered electors | 17,869 | ||||
1963 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ethel McMillan | 8,566 | 53.22 | −0.79 | |
| National | Edgar Whittleston | 6,042 | 37.54 | ||
| Social Credit | George William Goddard | 1,370 | 8.51 | −0.42 | |
| Communist | Edgar Wilson Hunter | 116 | 0.72 | +0.21 | |
| Majority | 2,524 | 15.68 | −1.80 | ||
| Turnout | 16,094 | 90.01 | −0.64 | ||
| Registered electors | 17,879 | ||||
1960 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ethel McMillan | 7,645 | 54.01 | −3.41 | |
| National | Brenda Bell | 5,170 | 36.52 | ||
| Social Credit | George William Goddard | 1,265 | 8.93 | ||
| Communist | Edgar Wilson Hunter | 73 | 0.51 | ||
| Majority | 2,475 | 17.48 | −5.23 | ||
| Turnout | 14,153 | 90.65 | −3.12 | ||
| Registered electors | 15,612 | ||||
1957 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ethel McMillan | 8,616 | 57.42 | +6.38 | |
| National | George Terry | 5,208 | 34.71 | ||
| Social Credit | Patrick McMullan | 1,108 | 7.38 | −11.07 | |
| Majority | 3,408 | 22.71 | +1.95 | ||
| Turnout | 15,004 | 93.77 | +2.51 | ||
| Registered electors | 16,000 | ||||
1954 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ethel McMillan | 6,860 | 51.04 | −10.92 | |
| National | Helen Black | 4,069 | 30.27 | ||
| Social Credit | Patrick McMullan | 2,480 | 18.45 | ||
| Majority | 2,791 | 20.76 | −3.16 | ||
| Turnout | 13,438 | 91.26 | +20.85 | ||
| Registered electors | 14,724 | ||||
1953 by-election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ethel McMillan | 6,424 | 61.96 | ||
| National | Walter MacDougall | 3,944 | 38.04 | ||
| Majority | 2,480 | 23.92 | |||
| Turnout | 10,368 | 70.41 | −21.62 | ||
| Registered electors | 14,724 | ||||
1951 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Robert Walls | 6,929 | 51.13 | −0.89 | |
| National | Donald Cameron | 6,622 | 48.86 | ||
| Majority | 307 | 2.26 | −2.57 | ||
| Turnout | 13,551 | 92.03 | −3.04 | ||
| Registered electors | 14,724 | ||||
1949 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Robert Walls | 7,190 | 52.02 | −2.61 | |
| National | Richard Brickell | 6,522 | 47.18 | ||
| Communist | John Leslie Marston | 109 | 0.78 | ||
| Majority | 668 | 4.83 | −4.43 | ||
| Turnout | 13,821 | 95.07 | +3.27 | ||
| Registered electors | 14,537 | ||||
1946 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Robert Walls | 7,487 | 54.63 | +2.09 | |
| National | Norman Jones | 6,217 | 45.36 | −1.73 | |
| Majority | 1,270 | 9.26 | +3.82 | ||
| Turnout | 13,704 | 91.80 | +12.03 | ||
| Registered electors | 14,927 | ||||
1945 by-election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Robert Walls | 6,791 | 52.54 | ||
| National | Norman Jones | 6,087 | 47.09 | ||
| Informal votes | 46 | 0.35 | −0.50 | ||
| Majority | 704 | 5.44 | |||
| Turnout | 12,924 | 79.77 | −11.99 | ||
| Registered electors | 16,200 | ||||
1943 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Jim Munro | 8,038 | 55.82 | ||
| National | Alexander Cassie | 5,240 | 36.39 | ||
| People's Movement | Frederick Allan Keane | 858 | 5.95 | ||
| Democratic Labour | Cornelius Machin Ross | 263 | 1.82 | ||
| Informal votes | 123 | 0.85 | |||
| Majority | 2,798 | 19.43 | |||
| Turnout | 14,399 | 91.76 | |||
| Registered electors | 15,691 | ||||
1935 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Jim Munro | 6,097 | 52.56 | +0.30 | |
| United | Alexander Smith Falconer[47][48][49] | 4,429 | 38.18 | ||
| Democrat | Helen Black[50] | 1,073 | 9.25 | ||
| Majority | 1,668 | 14.38 | +9.42 | ||
| Informal votes | 97 | 0.83 | −0.19 | ||
| Turnout | 11,696 | 92.65 | +4.81 | ||
| Registered electors | 12,624 | ||||
1931 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Jim Munro | 5,518 | 52.26 | ||
| United | John McCrae[52][53][c] | 4,994 | 47.30 | ||
| United | Robert Black[d] | 46 | 0.44 | ||
| Majority | 524 | 4.96 | |||
| Informal votes | 109 | 1.02 | |||
| Turnout | 10,667 | 87.84 | |||
| Registered electors | 12,144 | ||||
1928 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Jim Munro | 4,352 | 40.93 | ||
| Reform | Harold Tapley | 3,121 | 29.35 | ||
| United | Charles Robert Smith | 2,638 | 24.81 | ||
| Independent | George Samuel Thomson | 523 | 4.92 | ||
| Majority | 1,231 | 11.58 | |||
| Informal votes | 81 | 0.76 | |||
| Turnout | 10,715 | 89.58 | |||
| Registered electors | 11,962 | ||||
1922 by-election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Jim Munro | 3,462 | 44.64 | ||
| Reform | James Clark | 3,342 | 43.10 | ||
| Liberal | William Begg | 931 | 12.00 | ||
| Informal votes | 19 | 0.24 | |||
| Majority | 120 | 1.54 | |||
| Turnout | 7,754 | 66.34 | |||
| Registered electors | 11,687 | ||||
1914 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Labour | Andrew Walker | 4,073 | 51.47 | ||
| Reform | George Malcolm Thomson | 3,751 | 47.40 | ||
| Majority | 322 | 4.06 | |||
| Informal votes | 88 | 1.11 | |||
| Turnout | 7,912 | 81.34 | |||
| Registered electors | 9,726 | ||||
Table footnotes
edit- ^ Hilary Calvert entered parliament as a list MP on 24 September 2010 after David Garrett resigned.
- ^ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.
- ^ John McCrae was the official candidate for the United–Reform Coalition
- ^ Robert Black, who was not endorsed by the United Party, withdrew just before the election
Notes
edit- ^ a b Scholefield 1950, pp. 156–157.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 66ff.
- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 95.
- ^ "Electoral districts – south loses two seats". Evening Star. No. 25759. 4 April 1946. p. 7. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "New boundaries: electoral districts". Otago Daily Times. No. 26190. 28 June 1946. p. 4. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 93, 97.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 97–101.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 101–105.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 105–109.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 109–113.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 113–117.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 117–121.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 121–125.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 125–129.
- ^ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
- ^ "Dunedin North – Electorate Profile" (PDF). Parliamentary Library. 24 July 2009. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
- ^ "Enrolment Statistics". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 94.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 143.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 118.
- ^ a b c d Scholefield 1950, p. 128.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 142.
- ^ "Hon Pete Hodgson". New Zealand Parliament. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^ "Agony and ecstasy for Dunedin party faithful". Otago Daily Times. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
- ^ "New names, new boundaries: How the electorate changes will affect you". The Spinoff. 17 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ^ "Dunedin electorates set to get larger". Otago Daily Times. 23 September 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "Official Count Results -- Dunedin North (2017)". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
- ^ 2014 election results
- ^ 2011 election results
- ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
- ^ 2008 election results
- ^ "Electorate Profile Dunedin North". New Zealand Parliament. [Retrieved 11 June 2012.]
- ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 14 January 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ^ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Dunedin North, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 12 July 2013.
- ^ "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ^ "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 16.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 24.
- ^ a b c d e f Norton 1988, p. 215.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Norton 1988, p. 214.
- ^ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
- ^ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
- ^ "Declaration of Result of Poll". Evening Star. No. 25553. 3 August 1945. p. 2. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
- ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ "General Election". The Evening Post. Vol. CXX, no. 138. 7 December 1935. p. 11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ Ammentorp, Steen. "Falconer". generals.dk. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- ^ "Alexander Smith Falconer". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 8 July 2022 – via Online Cenotaph.
- ^ "Brigadier A. S. Falconer". New Zealand Electronic Text Centre. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- ^ Tennant, Margaret. "Helen McKenzie Black". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
- ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 2. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ "John McCrae". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 9 July 2022 – via Online Cenotaph.
- ^ "Dunedin North". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 264. 7 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ Skinner, W. A. G. (1929). The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. p. 2. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ "The election : nomination day". Evening Star. No. 20009. 29 October 1928. p. 7. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ "Dunedin North Election". Evening Star. Vol. 12, no. 18005. 27 June 1922. p. 4. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
- ^ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
References
edit- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946-1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
External links
edit- Dunedin North electorate profile (Parliamentary Library)