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List of drone strikes in Afghanistan

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Since January 2001, multiple drone strikes have been conducted by the United States government in Afghanistan. These strikes began during the administration of the United States President George W. Bush. During the presidency of Donald Trump, it was estimated that drone strikes had multiplied at a pace of four to five times compared with previous presidency of Barack Obama.[7] In 2016, Obama ordered the CIA to publish civilian drone strike deaths outside of active warzones, an order which was revoked by Trump in 2019.[8]

Drone strikes in Afghanistan
Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) and the continuous Afghanistan conflict
DateJanuary 2001 – present[1][2]
Location
Afghanistan
  • 13,072 drone strikes confirmed[3]
Status CIA and United States Central Command drone operations
Casualties and losses
Total killed: 4,138–10,088[4][5]
Civilians killed: 310–919[4][5]
Children killed: 73–191,[4][5] Injured: 661–1,772[5][6]

By 2021, there had been a total of at least 13,074 airstrikes conducted by the US government, killing at least 4,138 people, including 310 civilians and 73 children.[4][5] Besides the US government, the Afghan Air Force (AAF) also carried out air strikes in Afghanistan. Since 1 June 2016, the AAF has conducted at least 41 strike capable operations.[9]

Timeline

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2001–2010

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An RQ-1L Predator drone of the 57th Operations Group at a FOB in Afghanistan, 14 February 2002
  • 21 February 2010: 23 civilians were killed in a drone strike near the area of the Uruzgan province.[10][11][12]

2011–2014

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2015

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2016

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  • 2 January 2016: Five former Pakistani Taliban (TTP) fighters who pledged alliance to ISIL, including the former TTP commander in Bajaur tribal agency in Pakistan, Abu Bakr, were killed by a US drone strike, further injuring two militants in the Shaltan Darra area, located in the Shegal district, located in the Kunar province.[16]
  • 5 January 2016: A US Special Forces soldier, Army Staff Sgt. Matthew McClintock, was killed during an hours-long gun battle by Taliban militants, also injuring two other soldiers, in the Marjah district, located in the Helmand province, marking him the first US casualty of 2016.[17][18]
  • 6 January 2016: Twelve US air or drone strikes killed an unknown number of people in the Majah district, located in the Helmand province.[19]
  • 8 January 2016: AAF strikes hit and killed 23 ISIL militants in the Achin and Kot districts, located in the Nangarhar province.[20]
  • 8 January 2016: A US air or drone strike killed 17–20 ISIL militants, including four senior commanders, who were executing seven men (six Taliban militants and one Afghan National Army soldier) at the time, with a large number of civilians forced to watch in the Maktab village, located in the Pekha area, located in Achin District, located in the Nangarhar province. Two civilians were injured and there were possible civilian deaths.[21][22][23][24]
  • 8 January 2016: A US air or drone strike killed an unknown number of people "to eliminate threats to the force" in the Kharkhez district, located in the Kandahar province.[25]
  • 8 January 2016: A US air or drone strike killed an unknown number of people "to eliminate threats to the force" in the Bermal district, located in the Paktika province.[25]
  • 9 January 2016: 20 ISIL militants were killed by a US drone strike in Achin District, located in the Nangarhar province.[26]
  • 9 January 2016: 15 ISIL militants were killed by a US air or drone strike in the Janjal Gondai area, located in the Kot district, located in the Nangarhar province, further injuring three people, including a woman.[25]
  • 9 January 2016: Ten militants from Pakistan were killed by a US air or drone strike in the Shegal district, located in the Kunar province. The victims included Zishan, Haqyar and Sajid Mohammed (aka Attique or Atiqullah), aged 13 to 14, who was the son of Maulvi Faqir Mohammad a former deputy leader of the TTP, who served under the command of Baitullah and Hakimullah Mehsud.[27][28]

2017

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2018

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  • 1 January 2018: At least 61 ISIL militants were killed, including one civilian, in the Nangarhar province by a possible US strike. A further 30 ISIL militants were injured, including 14 civilians.[29]
  • 1 January 2018: Twenty-six people, including foreigners and prominent ISIL commanders, were killed by a possible US strike in the village of Saradara and Alkhani in the Darzab District. Some victims included famous militant commander Qari Zia aka Shuja, and two other prominent militants, Yaqub and Shaikh, a judge. There were also possible civilian casualties.[30][31]
  • 1 January 2018: A possible US strike killed seven Taliban fighters in the Bati Kot district. A second strike killed two members of ISIL's Afghan branch in Achin District.[32]
  • 5 January 2018: A possible US strike killed 10 ISIL militants in a training camp in Nangarhar's Haska Mena district while they were in training. Two compounds belonging to ISIL were also destroyed, leaving five militants dead. Another strike killed six militants during ground operations.[33]
  • 5 January 2018: A possible US strike killed 14 ISIL militants, including two commanders, in the Nad-e Ali district in the Laghman province.[34]
  • 6 January 2018: An unnamed key Taliban leader responsible for "financial deals and providing logistics" for militants was killed in the Helmand province by a possible US strike.[35]
  • 10 January 2018: Twenty-one militants, including seven foreigners from Pakistan, were killed by a possible US strike in the Khak e Safid district, located in the Farah Province.[36]
  • 1 April 2018: Mullah Lal Mohammad, a local Taliban leader in the Kandarhar province, was killed by a AAF strike in the Nish district, injuring 11 other members of his group[37] Also the same day, a US strike killed an unknown number of Taliban fighters in the Nad Ali district.[38]
  • 2 April 2018: Afghan military strike kills at least 70, including 21 terrorists, one of whom was a Taliban commander, and injured 30 others during a religious ceremony at a Mosque in Dasht-e-Archi.[39]
  • 3 April 2018: US drone strike killed four ISIL militants in Nangarhar.[40]
  • 5 April 2018: A high-ranking ISIL commander named Qari Hikmatullah (also Hekmat) and his bodyguard were killed in a US drone strike in the northern province of Jowzjan.[41][42]
  • 6 April 2018: An AAF strike killed eight militants in Farghamerawi locality of Wardoj district.[43]

2019

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  • 18 September 2019: A US drone strike intended to hit an Islamic State hideout killed 30 pine-nut farmers in the Nangarhar province.[44]
  • 1 December 2019: A US drone strike on a car carrying a woman who had just given birth near Khost left five people dead.[45]

2020

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  • 8 January 2020: More than 60 civilians were killed or wounded in a US drone attack targeting Mullah Nangyalay, a top Taliban splinter-group commander in Herat Province.[46][47]
  • 9 January 2020: Two civilians were killed in a US air or drone strike in Kapisa Province during Operation Freedom's Sentinel.[48]
  • 4 March 2020: No deaths or injuries were reported after a US drone strike targeting members of the Taliban was carried out in the Nahr-e Saraj district of southern Helmand province. This attack was the first since the signing of the Doha Agreement, occurring just six days before the intra-Afghan peace negotiations were scheduled to begin, and was retaliation for a wave of attacks that killed four civilians and 11 Afghan soldiers the day before.[49][50]

2021

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  • 27 August: The United States launched an airstrike against what US military said was a vehicle carrying three ISIL-KP members in Nangarhar Province. Two were killed, who were described by Pentagon spokesman John Kirby as "high-profile ISIS targets" and "planners and facilitators"; the third occupant of the vehicle was injured.[51] The airstrike was carried out a day after an attack at Kabul Airport, which had resulted in the death of more than 180 people.[52] One of those killed was identified by CENTCOM on 23 September as Kabir Aidi, an alleged ISIL-K facilitator. The other was identified as a collaborator with the group, though his identity could not be confirmed.[53]
  • 29 August: A US airstrike targeted a vehicle in Kabul a few kilometres from the airport, which US officials claimed was carrying ISIL-KP bombers but was actually driven by an aid worker, who worked for the US-based Nutrition and Education International.[54][55] The aid worker had loaded containers of water into his trunk for his family and his neighbors, which a New York Times investigation suggested had been mistakenly identified by the US military as explosives, prompting the fatal airstrike.[54] Water deliveries had stopped in his neighborhood following the collapse of the government.[54] US officials initially claimed the vehicle had visited an alleged ISIS safe house and that secondary explosions had occurred after the airstrike, but no evidence of a secondary explosion was found at the site, and the location that the drone had tracked the driver to, where he and three others had loaded water into his trunk, was the office of Nutrition and Education International, and not an ISIS-K safe house as the US had alleged.[54] A total of ten family members were killed in the airstrike at their home, including seven children and the driver.[5][56] Some of those killed had previously worked for international NGOs and held visas allowing them entry to the United States.[57][58] The United States military later acknowledged that the aid worker and the vehicle he was driving posed no threat, and there was no connection between him and ISIL-KP.[55] The US government pledged to financially compensate the families of the deceased.[59]

2022

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  • 31 July: Ayman al-Zawahri was killed in a drone strike conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency in Kabul.[60] The Taliban said that the strike was conducted on a residential house in the Sherpur area of Kabul. The New York Times, citing an American analyst, reported that the house struck was owned by a top aide to Sirajuddin Haqqani, a senior official in the Taliban government.[61]

Controversies

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The civilian casualties faced criticism and many killed being unintended targets.[62][63][64] Amnesty International USA has also questioned the legality of drone attacks.[65]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Drone Strikes in Afghanistan – The Bureau of Investigative Journalism". Thebureauinvestigates.com. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  2. ^ "US faces immense obstacles to continued drone war in Afghanistan". Brookings Institution. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  3. ^ "Drone War: Afghanistan". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Archived from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  4. ^ a b c d "Drone War: Afghanistan — The Bureau of Investigative Journalism". Archived from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Sidhu, Sandi; Walsh, Nick; Lister, Tim; Liebermann, Oren; Smith-Spark, Laura; Vandoorne, Saskya (30 August 2021). "Kabul attack: Ten family members, including children, dead after US strike". CNN. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  6. ^ "Drone Strikes in Afghanistan". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Archived from the original on 10 December 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  7. ^ Woody, Cristopher (4 April 2017). "Trump is ordering airstrikes at 5 times the pace Obama did". Business Insider. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  8. ^ "Trump revokes Obama rule on reporting drone strike deaths". BBC News. 7 March 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  9. ^ "Afghanistan: Reported US air and drone strikes 2016". Thebureauinvestigates.com. Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  10. ^ Filkins, Dexter (29 May 2010). "Operators of Drones Are Faulted in Afghan Deaths". The New York Times.
  11. ^ "Anatomy of an Afghan war tragedy". Los Angeles Times. 10 April 2011.
  12. ^ "U.S. drone crew blamed in Afghan civilian deaths". 29 May 2010.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g "Afghanistan: Reported US air and drone strikes 2015". Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
  14. ^ "Air strikes kill 18 rebels in Afghanistan". Kuwait News Agency. 3 January 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  15. ^ Sherazi, Zahir Shah (29 January 2015). "Four killed in US drone strike near Pak-Afghan border". Dawn. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  16. ^ "Drone strike leaves 5 militants dead in Kunar province – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 3 January 2016.
  17. ^ Sciutto, Jim; Crawford, Jamie; Botelho, Greg (6 January 2016). "U.S. soldier killed in Afghanistan". CNN. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  18. ^ Wong, Kristina (7 January 2016). "Pentagon: US troops in 'combat situation' in Afghanistan". The Hill. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  19. ^ "U.S. conducts air strikes as fighting rages in Afghan province". Reuters. 6 January 2016. Archived from the original on 24 October 2017.
  20. ^ "23 ISIS fanatics killed in separate airstrikes by Afghan Air Force – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 9 January 2016.
  21. ^ Gul, Ayaz (8 January 2016). "US Drone Strike Kills at Least 17 IS Militants in Afghanistan". VOA News. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  22. ^ "19 ISIS fanatics killed in airstrike shortly after beheading seven in Nangarhar – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 9 January 2016.
  23. ^ "Daesh loses 17 fighters to drone strike, beheads 7 Taliban". pajhwok.com. 8 January 2016.
  24. ^ "U.S. carries out drone strike in eastern Afghanistan". Reuters. 10 January 2016.
  25. ^ a b c "Afghanistan: Reported US air and drone strikes 2016". Archived from the original on 11 September 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  26. ^ "US drone strike kills 20 'IS militants' near Pak-Afghan border". Pakistan Today. 9 January 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  27. ^ "Drone strike kills 3 foreign terrorists in Kunar – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 10 January 2016.
  28. ^ "Kunar drone strike: Son of TTP's ex-deputy chief among the dead – The Express Tribune". 11 January 2016.
  29. ^ "78 ISIS militants killed, wounded in Afghan-US airstrikes in Nangarhar – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 2 January 2018.
  30. ^ Tamkin, Hamid (2 January 2018). "10 civilians, 26 Daesh militants killed in Jawzjan airstrikes". pajhwok.com.
  31. ^ Gandhara, RFE/RL (2 January 2018). "Police Chief Claims Airstrikes Killed Foreign Fighters in Northern Afghanistan". Rfe/Rl.
  32. ^ "US drones target Taliban insurgents in Nangarhar province – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 2 January 2018.
  33. ^ "Airstrikes on ISIS training camps, compounds leaves several dead – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 5 January 2018.
  34. ^ "14 Daesh Militants Killed in Laghman Airstrike – TOLOnews".
  35. ^ "Taliban leader in charge of finances and logistics killed in Helmand – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 6 January 2018.
  36. ^ "Foreigners among 21 militants killed in Farah airstrikes – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 10 January 2018.
  37. ^ "Key Taliban leader and 11 militants killed in Kandahar airstrike – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 2 April 2018.
  38. ^ Lamothe, Dan (16 April 2018). "Inside the Marines' new mission in Afghanistan: Taking back territory previously won" – via washingtonpost.com.
  39. ^ Nordland, Rod (2 April 2018). "Afghan Military Strike Kills at Least 70 at Mosque". The New York Times.
  40. ^ "US drone strike leaves 4 ISIS militants dead in Nangarhar province – The Khaama Press News Agency". The Khaama Press News Agency. 8 April 2018.
  41. ^ "Top ISIS commander in Afghanistan killed in airstrike". english.alarabiya.net. 7 April 2018.
  42. ^ "US confirms top ISIS commander in Afghanistan killed in airstrike". The Straits Times. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  43. ^ "8 militants killed, 2 hideouts destroyed in N. Afghan province – Xinhua – English.news.cn". xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 8 May 2018.
  44. ^ "US drone strike intended for Isis hideout kills 30 pine nut workers in Afghanistan". The Guardian. 19 September 2019.
  45. ^ Mangal, Farooq Jan; Abed, Fahim (December 2019). "U.S. Drone Killed Afghan Civilians, Officials Say". The New York Times.
  46. ^ "US strike targeting Taliban commander causes civilian casualties". Al Jazeera. 9 January 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  47. ^ Abed, Fahim (11 January 2020). "Two U.S. Service Members Killed in Afghanistan". The New York Times.
  48. ^ "Annual Report on Civilian Casualties In Connection With United States Military Operations in 2020" (PDF). United States Department of Defense.
  49. ^ "US conducts first air strike against Taliban since peace deal". aljazeera.com. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  50. ^ "US strikes Taliban forces, in first hit since peace deal". AP NEWS. 13 August 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  51. ^ "U.S. retaliates against ISIS with drone strike in Afghanistan". NBC News. 28 August 2021. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  52. ^ "Two 'high profile' ISIS targets in Afghanistan killed in US drone strike, Pentagon says". CNN. 28 August 2021. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  53. ^ Brest, Mike (24 September 2021). "US releases identity of target of first Afghanistan drone strike during withdrawal". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  54. ^ a b c d Aikins, Matthieu; Koettl, Christoph; Hill, Evan; Schmitt, Eric; Tiefenthäler, Ainara; Jordan, Drew (10 September 2021). "In US Drone Strike, Evidence Suggests No ISIS Bomb". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
  55. ^ a b Schmitt, Eric; Cooper, Helene (17 September 2021). "Pentagon acknowledges Aug. 29 drone strike in Afghanistan was a tragic mistake that killed 10 civilians". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  56. ^ Aikins, Matthieu; Rahim, Najim (30 August 2021). "Afghan Family Says Errant U.S. Missile Killed 10, Including 7 Children". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  57. ^ Bulos, Nabih (30 August 2021). "Family says 7 children were killed in Kabul drone strike; U.S. is investigating". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 30 August 2021. "I want Joe Biden to know about this. Why do you attack these people and say it's Daesh?" he said, referring to Islamic State by its Arabic acronym
  58. ^ Sidhu, Sandi; Walsh, Nick; Lister, Tim; Liebermann, Oren; Smith-Spark, Laura; Vandoorne, Saskya (30 August 2021). "Nine family members, including children, killed in US strike in Kabul targeting suspected ISIS-K suicide bomber, relative says". CNN. Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  59. ^ Schmitt, Eric (16 October 2021). "U.S. Pledges to Pay Family of Those Killed in Botched Kabul Drone Strike". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  60. ^ Ward, Alexander; Toosi, Nahal; Seligman, Lara (1 August 2022). "U.S. kills Al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahri in drone strike". POLITICO. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  61. ^ Cooper, Helene; Barnes, Julian E.; Schmitt, Eric (1 August 2022). "Live Updates: U.S. Drone Strike Said to Have Killed Top Qaeda Leader". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  62. ^ Fang, Marina (15 October 2015). "Nearly 90 Percent Of People Killed in Recent Drone Strikes Were Not The Target". Huff Post.
  63. ^ Ackerman, Spencer (24 November 2014). "41 men targeted but 1,147 people killed: US drone strikes – the facts on the ground". The Guardian.
  64. ^ "US drone strike killings in Pakistan and Yemen 'unlawful'". BBC News. 22 October 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  65. ^ ""Will I Be Next?" : US Drone Strikes in Pakistan" (PDF). Amnestyusa.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
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