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| Uprising in Chechnya (1757-1758) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Chechen-Russian conflict | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Russian Empire  Lesser & Greater Kabardia Kalmyk Khanate Ingush Kumyks Avars | Chechens | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Frauendorf, Karl Lvovich Elmurza Bekmurzovich | Unknown | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
2,196 Russians 3,203 Kalmyks 500 Circassians 360 Kumyks and Ingush 200+ Armenians Georgians and Terek Cossacks | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 700+ KIA | ||||||
The Uprising of 1757-1758 in Chechnya was the detention of Chechen brides by the tsarist authorities. Speaking about the causes of the uprising, the authors of the monograph "The History of Chechnya from ancient times to the present day" call it anti-colonial and anti-feudal.[1]
History
editOn March 26, 1757, the Shchedrin chieftain captured the noble Chechen Shamirza Tamarzoev. On March 29, Chechen uzden Alibek Kazbulatov arrived at the redoubt and announced that the Chechens were going to attack Cossack towns in retaliation. Soon the highlanders attacked the Chervlensky redoubt, in a firefight one of the attackers was killed, and 8 people were captured.[2]
At the beginning of the same year, another Chechen uzden Shabai Akhlov was detained in Kizlyare as punishment for "disobedience of Chechens." In a report to the State Board sent by the Kizlyar commandant, Major General von Frauendorf, it was noted that the Russian officers consider it necessary ""to keep him, Shabai, under guard, so that through him it would be possible to have three Chechen Uzden children of Ajikhanov, Chepalov and Arabov in amanats get why Chechens can support themselves more calmly." The Kizlyar commandant began to receive outraged letters from Chechen officials demanding the release of the detainee and threats of violence otherwise.[3]
Shabai's brother Bekey openly threatened to completely break off relations with the Russian authorities. He wrote to General Kizlyar Elmurze Cherkassky: ""... if Chabai... he will die, but you also know that the Chechen dwelling... the empress will not be subject to""[4]
In November 1757, there were a number of Chechen attacks on Cossack towns, during which some dwellings and fortifications were destroyed. A punitive corps led by General von Frauendorf was sent to Chechnya to suppress the uprising. Kalmyk troops were allocated to help the corps. Kabardians also volunteered to help the corps, who ""because of the insults they receive from the Chechens, they ask for it and have a hunt""[5]
In addition to the above, Grebenskie took part in the campaign (200 people[6])and Terek Cossacks, the Armenian and Georgian squadrons, the Kizlyar irregular command of Prince Cherkassky and 500 infantry men with guns.[7]Some Chechen foremen assisted the Russian troops during this expedition.[6]
The exact number of Russian troops and their allies is unknown. According to the Russian side, the number of rebellious lowland Chechens was about two thousand people. In response to the call of the rebels, sympathetic representatives of neighboring peoples from all over the region began to gather to them. So, from Dagestan and Avars, Andians, Aksai and Endyrean Kumyks came to their aid. The bulk of the rebels were farm labourers and the poor, but there were also prominent owners and farmers who were afraid of losing their independence and privileged position.[7]
The expedition lasted for several months, but the first and only major clash during this campaign did not occur until April 24, 1758. Russian troops captured Khankalinsky Gorge, reached Chechen Plain and captured the village of Novye Chechni. The women and children went to the mountains, the men stayed to defend the village. Russian Russian sources say that about 120 mountaineers died in the battle, while the losses of the Russian side amounted to 2 people. Several more people died of their wounds within a month.[8]
Results
editOn May 25, 1758, the Kalmyk detachments of Yerenbiev and Yandykov near the village of New Chechnya trampled and burned a field of winter wheat.[6]
On June 2, 1758, Russian troops returned to Kizlyar. General Frauendorf wrote to St. Petersburg that the highlanders "did not come to subjugation"[6]
But the Chechens also did not win and did not benefit from the failure of the Frauendorf expedition. The researchers cite the lack of an authoritative leader, a program of action and sufficient forces to confront the Russian military machine as the reasons for the failures of the highlanders.[6]
Literature
edit- Гапуров Ш. А., Ахмадов Ш. Б., Багаев М. Х., Хасбулатов А. И. (2008). Ибрагимов М. М. (ed.). История Чечни с древнейших времён до наших дней. Vol. 1. Гр.: ГУП «Книжное издательство». pp. /827. ISBN 978-5-98896-103-1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Ахмадов Я. З. (2019). Чечено-русские отношения в XVIII веке. Исследования и материалы. Vol. I (АН ЧР ed.). Грозный: АО «Издательско-полиграфический комплекс «Грозненский рабочий». ISBN 978-5-4314-0404-7.
References
edit- ^ Ибрагимов 2008, p. 304—305.
- ^ Ибрагимов 2008, p. 304-305.
- ^ Ибрагимов 2008, p. 305.
- ^ Ахмадов 2019, p. 130.
- ^ Ибрагимов 2008, p. 306.
- ^ a b c d e Ибрагимов 2008, p. 308.
- ^ a b Ибрагимов 2008, p. 307.
- ^ Ибрагимов 2008, p. 307-308.