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Operation Chaffinch was a World War II mission conducted by a branch of the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) called Company Linge, which was a Norwegian group.[1] The operation aimed to make contact with local resistance groups in the Oslo area and to sabotage shipping. The operation succeeded in sinking the merchant vessel Sanev on 19 May 1943.
| Operation Chaffinch | |
|---|---|
| Part of SOE operations and the Norwegian resistance movement | |
| Operational scope | Shipping sabotage and resistance training |
| Location | Norway |
| Objective | Contact and train Milorg fighters and sabotage shipping in the Oslo area |
| Date | January–May 1943 |
| Executed by | Company Linge |
| Outcome | Limited Success |
Background
editAs preparation for an invasion in Scandinavia in 1944, SOE began to attack industrial targets and coastal shipping in German occupied Norway.[2] Norwegian resistance movements such as Milorg were working together with the British SOE against the Nazi occupation. Operations had already been conducted in Norway to damage the German war effort. Fish oil factories that used gylcorel in explosives had already been targeted by the British as early as 1940 and other missions had been carried out against the German nuclear program and to damage train lines.
The mission
editLanding in Norway, contacting the Resistance
editThree SOE operatives from Company Linge; Tor Sternersen, Martin Olsen and wireless telegrapher Oddvar Sandersen dropped into Norway on 23 January 1943. They made contact with Milorg and set up 4 'X-groups', which were groups of six men trained in silent killing, especially the elimination of informers. These groups were organised by Milorg and trained by the Chaffinch operatives.[3] The group also acted as a direct line of communication between Milorg and the UK.[4]
Ship sabotage
editThe trio initially considered attacking two destroyers stationed in Horten Harbour on 14 May. They decided against this idea and instead chose to target a ship docked at Moss. On 19 May 1943, they attached a limpet mine to the freighter Sanev while it was docked there.[5] The mine detonated on the same day, sinking the nearly 2,000 long tons (2,000 t) ship to sink.[4] A later attempt to attack shipping in the Oslo harbour was abandoned.[5]
Aftermath
editAll three men left Norway at the end of May 1943 and escaped to Sweden.[4]
References
editCitations
edit- ^ "Chaffinch (i) | Operations & Codenames of WWII". codenames.info.
- ^ Herrington 2004, p. 235.
- ^ Herrington 2004, p. 252.
- ^ a b c O'Connor 2016, p. 157.
- ^ a b Herrington 2004, p. 325.
Bibliography
edit- O'Connor, Bernard (2016). Sabotage in Norway. Lulu.com. p. 157. ISBN 978-1291380224.
- Herrington, Ian (2004). The Special Operations Executive in Norway 1940–1945: Policy and Operations in the Strategic and Political Context (PDF) (PHD). Leicester: De Montfort University School of Historical and International Studies.