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This is a list of exceptional red dwarfs.
List of titleholding red dwarf stars
editThis is a list of red dwarfs that currently hold records.
List of red dwarf firsts
editRecord Title | Star | Date | Data | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
First discovered | Lacaille 8760 | 1753 | Originally listed in a 1763 catalog that was published posthumously by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. | [1] | |
First discovered with planet(s) | Gliese 876 | 1998 | Gliese 876 b | The Jovian planet was the first discovered around a red dwarf. |
[2][3] |
First discovered with giant planet(s) | Gliese 876 | 1998 | Gliese 876 b | The giant planet was the first planet discovered around a red dwarf. | [2][3] |
First discovered with terrestrial planet(s) | Kepler-42 (KOI-961) |
2012 | KOI-961 b KOI-961 c KOI-961 d |
3 terrestrial planets were discovered around KOI-961 in 2012, the first terrestrial planets found to orbit a red dwarf. | [4] |
List of red dwarf extremes
editRecord Title | Star | Date | Data | Notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Least voluminous | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017 | r= 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | [5] | |
Most voluminous | XZ Tauri B | 2002 | 1.7 R☉ | [6] | |
Least massive | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 2015 | 67.54±12.79 MJ | [7] | |
Most massive | Kepler-80 | 2012 | 0.73 M☉ | [8] | |
Least distant | Proxima Centauri | 1917 | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) | This is also known as Alpha Centauri C and is a member of the α Cen trinary system. It is the nearest neighbouring star to the Sun. |
[9] |
Most distant | UDF 3561 | 2010 | 202,000 ly
(62,000 pc) |
[10] | |
Least luminous | 2MASS J0523-1403 | [7] | |||
Most luminous | |||||
Dimmest | UDF 2457 | V= 25 | [11] | ||
Brightest | Lacaille 8760 | V= 6.69 | Also called AX Microscopii. This is the 24th closest star to the Sun, and also intrinsically luminous for red dwarfs, having spectral class M0. |
[12][13] | |
Youngest | See T Tauri star | ||||
Oldest | See cool subdwarfs |
List of named red dwarfs
editThis is a list of red dwarfs with names that are not systematically designated.
Star | Naming | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
Proxima Centauri | Named for being the closest neighbouring star to Earth's Sun | Lies within the Alpha Centauri star system | [9] |
Barnard's Star | Named after its discoverer, E. E. Barnard | Second closest neighbouring star system to Earth, after α Cen. Also the star with the highest proper motion. | [14] |
van Biesbroeck's star | Named for its discoverer, George van Biesbroeck | Was once the least luminous, and, lowest mass, known star. | [15] |
Kapteyn's star | Named for the astronomer who discovered it had gone missing, Jacobus Kapteyn | Was once the star with the highest proper motion, thus making it move away from its recorded position in the sky and go "missing". | [14] |
Teegarden's Star | Named after the lead investigator astrophysicist who discovered it, Bonnard J. Teegarden, through a datacrunching search of archived data. |
List of nearest red dwarfs
editStar | Distance ly (pc) |
Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Proxima Centauri | 4.2 ly (1.3 pc) | Part of the α Cen trinary system, the closest neighbouring star system. It is also the nearest neighbouring star. | [9] |
2 | Barnard's Star | 5.95 ly (1.82 pc) | Second closest neighbouring star system | [16] |
3 | Wolf 359 | 7.86 ly (2.41 pc) | Also called CN Leonis | |
4 | Lalande 21185 | 8.3 ly (2.5 pc) | ||
5 | Luyten 726-8 | 8.7 ly (2.7 pc) | This is a binary star system with two red dwarfs | |
6 | Ross 154 | 9.68 ly (2.97 pc) | [citation needed] |
List of least voluminous red dwarfs
editStar | Radius Solar radii (Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii (Jupiter = 1) |
Radius km (mi) |
Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | EBLM J0555-57Ab | 0.084 | 0.84 | 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. | [17][18][19] |
2 | 2MASS J0523-1403 | 0.086 | 0.86 | 60,000 km (37,000 mi) | [20][21][22] |
Timeline of smallest red dwarf recordholders
editThis is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the smallest volume, and its succession over time.
Star | Date | Radius Solar radii (Sun = 1) |
Radius Jupiter radii (Jupiter = 1) |
Radius km (mi) |
Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EBLM J0555-57Ab | 2017— | 0.084 | 0.84 | 59,000 km (37,000 mi) | This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. | [17][18][19] |
2MASS J0523-1403 | 2013-2017 | 0.086 | 0.86 | 60,000 km (37,000 mi) | [20][21][22] | |
OGLE-TR-122B | 2005-2013 | 0.120 | 1.16 | 81,100 km (50,400 mi) | [23][24][25] |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Croswell, Ken (July 2003), "The Brightest Red Dwarf", Sky & Telescope: 32, retrieved 2019-08-31.
- ^ a b Marietta DiChristina (September 1998). "Other Worlds". Popular Science. pp. 77–79.
- ^ a b Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Mayor, Michel; Perrier, Christian; Naef, Dominique; Queloz, Didier (1998). "The closest extrasolar planet. A giant planet around the M4 dwarf GL 876". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 338: L67–L70. arXiv:astro-ph/9808026. Bibcode:1998A&A...338L..67D.
- ^ Deborah Williams-Hedges (13 January 2012). "Tiny planet triplets orbit dwarf star". Futurity.
- ^ von Boetticher, Alexander; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Queloz, Didier; Gill, Sam; Lendl, Monika; Delrez, Laetitia; Anderson, David R.; Cameron, Andrew Collier; Faedi, Francesca; Gillon, Michaël; Chew, Yilen Gómez Maqueo; Hebb, Leslie; Hellier, Coel; Jehin, Emmanuël; Maxted, Pierre F. L. (August 2017). "The EBLM project III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 604: L6. arXiv:1706.08781. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ^ Hartigan, Patrick; Kenyon, Scott (2003-01-20). "A Spectroscopic Survey of Subarcsecond Binaries in the Taurus-Auriga Dark Cloud with the Hubble Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 583 (1): 334–357. doi:10.1086/345293. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ a b Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gordon, Mollie M. Van; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv:1508.01767. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 89611607.
- ^ Martin, Pierre-Yves (2023). "Planet Kepler-80 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
- ^ a b c I.S. Glass (2007). "The Discovery of the Nearest Star". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa. 66 (11 and 12) (published December 2007): 244–262. Bibcode:2007MNSSA..66..244G.
- ^ Kilic, Mukremin; Gianninas, Alexandros; von Hippel, Ted (2013-08-19). "Moving Objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field". The Astrophysical Journal. 774 (1): 88. arXiv:1307.5067. Bibcode:2013ApJ...774...88K. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/774/1/88. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 118470451.
- ^ "SKY-MAP.ORG - Interactive Sky Map". www.wikisky.org. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
- ^ Ken Croswell (July 2002). "The Brightest Red Dwarf". Sky and Telescope. p. 38.
- ^ David Tytell (2013). "Lalande 21185: The Brightest Red Dwarf for the Rest of Us" (PDF).
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: Cite magazine requires|magazine=
(help) - ^ a b Liz Kruesi (28 November 2005). "The discoverers of Kapteyn's Star". Astronomy Magazine (published January 2006).
- ^ Peter van de Kamp (April 1953). "Stars Nearer than Five Parsecs". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 65 (383): 73–77. Bibcode:1953PASP...65...73V. doi:10.1086/126538.
- ^ "Barnard's star | Distance, Facts, & Planet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
- ^ a b Eric Mack (11 July 2017). "Saturn-sized star is the smallest ever discovered". cnet.
- ^ a b "Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers". University of Cambridge. 2017.
- ^ a b Alexander von Boetticher; Amaury H.M.J. Triaud; Didier Queloz; Sam Gill; Monika Lendl; Laetitia Delrez; David R. Anderson; Andrew Collier Cameron; Francesca Faedi; Michaël Gillon; Yilen Gómez Maqueo Chew; Leslie Hebb; Coel Hellier; Emmanuël Jehin; Pierre F.L. Maxted; David V. Martin; Francesco Pepe; Don Pollacco; Damien Ségransan; Barry Smalley; Stéphane Udry; Richard West (12 June 2017). "The EBLM project; III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 604 (6): L6. arXiv:1706.08781. Bibcode:2017A&A...604L...6V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. S2CID 54610182. EBLM_III.
- ^ a b Garmany, Katy. "NOAO/SOAR: Where do stars end and brown dwarfs begin?". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
- ^ a b John Bochanski (23 December 2013). "New Cutoff for Star Sizes". Sky and Telescope.
- ^ a b Sergio B. Dieterich; Todd J. Henry; Wei-Chun Jao; Jennifer G. Winters; Altonio D. Hosey; Adric R. Riedel; John P. Subasavage (May 2014). "The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 25. arXiv:1312.1736. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. S2CID 21036959. 94.
- ^ Robert Roy Britt (3 March 2005). "Newfound Star Smaller than Some Planets". Space.com.
- ^ Jonathan O'Callaghan; Josh Barker (National Space Centre) (22 March 2013). "What is the smallest star?". SpaceAnswers.com.
- ^ Pont, F.; Melo, C. H. F.; Bouchy, F.; Udry, S.; Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Santos, N. C. (27 January 2005). "A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 433 (2) (published April 2005): L21–L24. arXiv:astro-ph/0501611. Bibcode:2005A&A...433L..21P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500025. S2CID 14799999.