Uncharacterized protein chromosome 7 open reading frame 61 is an asparagine-poor protein in humans encoded by the c7orf61 gene. The protein function is relatively unknown and is highly conserved in mammals.
| SPACDR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | SPACDR, chromosome 7 open reading frame 61, sperm acrosome developmental regulator, C7orf61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | HomoloGene: 52845; GeneCards: SPACDR; OMA:SPACDR - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Gene
editLocus
editC7orf61 is located on the reverse (or negative) DNA strand and is situated in chromosome 7 (7q22.1) from base pairs 100,456,615-100,464,271 - roughly 7,656 bp.[3] It has a total of 3 exons and lacks isoforms.
mRNA
editThe mRNA is approximately 1019 bp and belongs to domain of unknown function 4703 (PFAM15775).[4]
Protein
editIn humans, the protein contains a total of 206 amino acids.[3] The protein's molecular weight is 23.71 kDa and its isoelectric point is 10.41.[5] DUF4703 is positioned 22-206aa of the protein.[3] Neither the gene or its protein has another known alias, but can be found with high affinity in several primate species.[6]
Composition
editThe amino acid composition of C7orf61 consists of high frequencies in leucine, serine, and charged valine.[7] The protein has an unusual low frequency in asparagine, making it an asparagine-deficient protein,[7] and contains higher frequencies of salt-bridge formations between glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and arginine.[7]
Characteristics and structure
editThe consent within secondary structure prediction tools CFSSP,[8] SSPRED,[9] and GOR4 [10] is that the protein's secondary structure consist mainly of α-helices (51.2%), with significant amounts of coiling (38.2%) and smaller fragments of beta strands (10.3%).
Post-translational modifications
editC7orf61 has several post-translation modification sites, most of which involve serine/threonine kinases - protein kinase C, Casein kinase II, DNA-dependent protein kinase, and Cyclin-dependent kinase 1. It is predicted to contain a Biparte nuclear localization signal (NLS_BP), a leucine-rich variant domain (LRV), and bacterial Ig-like domain (BIG-1).[12]
Subcellular localization
editC7orf61 does not contain any trans-membrane domains or signal peptides.[13][14] The protein is predicted to be localized in the Mitochondria, with little indication of extracellular activity.[15][16] Expanded analysis of amino acid sequence KFFRWVRRAWQRIISWVF near the N-terminal suggests the presence of a mitochondrial targeting signal.[17]
Gene regulation
editC7orf61 has high levels of expression in the testis and lower levels in the brain and connective tissues.[18] Through the assessment of microarray experiments available on NCBI Geo, its inferred that c7orf61 is under negative regulation.[19]
Homology
editC7orf61 does not have any paralogs. Analysis via NCBI tool BLASTt[20] found the gene to be highly conserved in mammals and could not be traced farther back than 160 MYA. The following table contains a list of orthologs found in several mammalian sub-classes - this is not a comprehensive list for the proteins orthology.
| Species | Common Name | Divergence (MYA) | Accession number (from NCBI [21]) | Sequence Length | Percent Identity | Percent Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Human | 0 | NP_001004323.1 | 206 | 100% | 100% |
| Ceratotherium simum | White Rhinoceros | 96 | XP_014652622.1 | 204 | 64% | 81% |
| Canis lupus | Wolf | 96 | XP_008963687.1 | 203 | 64% | 78% |
| Bos taurus | Cow | 96 | XP_005225278.1 | 204 | 64% | 78% |
| Physeter catodon | Sperm Whale | 96 | XP_007110691.1 | 204 | 63% | 76% |
| Condylura cristata | Mole | 96 | XP_004691685.1 | 204 | 62% | 75% |
| Eptesicus fuscus | Brown bat | 96 | XP_008139625.1 | 213 | 61% | 75% |
| Elephantulus edwardii | Elephant shrew | 105 | XP_006896643.1 | 147 | 58% | 78% |
| Phascolarctos cinereus | Koala | 159 | XP_020834746.1 | 160 | 41% | 58% |
| Sarcophilus harrisii | Tasmanian Devil | 160 | XP_012404266.1 | 162 | 37% | 61% |
References
edit- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185955 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b c "NCBI h. sapiens Protein C7orf61". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "NCBI h. sapiens C7orf61 mRNA". Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ "ExPASy Compute pl/Mw tool". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "NCBI p. troglodytes Protein C7orf61". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ a b c "EMBL-EBI SAP". Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ "CFSSP". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "SoftBerry SSPRED". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "GOR4". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "PHYRE2". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "SIB Motif Scan". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "SignalP 4.1 Server prediction tool". Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "TMpred tool". Archived from the original on 5 March 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "DeepLoc-1.0". Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ "ProtComp 9.0". Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ "Helical Wheel". Archived from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ "NCBI EST Profile - C7orf61". Retrieved 1 April 2018.
- ^ "NCBI Geo". Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ "NCBI BLAST". Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- ^ "NCBI C7orf61". Retrieved 4 January 2018.