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Draft:1939 New York World's Fair pavilions and attractions

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A fountain at the World's Fair, with the Trylon and Perisphere in the background

The 1939 New York World's Fair took place at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in Queens, New York, United States, during 1939 and 1940. The fair included pavilions with exhibits by 62 nations, 34 U.S. states and territories, and over 1,300 corporations. The exhibits were split across seven zones, and there was also an amusement area.

Background

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Fair

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In September 1935, the New York City Board of Estimate voted to allow Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, then an ash dump, to be used as the site of the 1939 New York World's Fair.[1] The New York World's Fair Corporation (WFC) was formed to oversee the exposition in October 1935,[2] and the WFC took over the site in 1936.[3] The World's Fair officially opened on April 30, 1939,[4] and its first season ended on October 31, 1939.[5] The fair reopened for a second and final season on May 11, 1940,[6] closing on October 27, 1940.[7]

The fair had attracted 1,300 industrial exhibitors and 70 concessionaires at the beginning of 1939. In addition, 62 nations and 35 U.S. states or territories had leased space at the fair.[8] The fairground was divided into seven geographic or thematic zones, five of which had "focal exhibits", as well as two focal exhibits housed in their own buildings.[9] The plan called for numerous wide tree-lined pathways, including a central "Cascade Mall" leading to the Trylon and Perisphere.[10] Some of the streets in the fairground were named after notable thoroughfares in New York City or notable historical figures (e.g., Times Square and Washington Square). Other streets, such as the Avenue of Patriots and Avenue of Pioneers, were named based on their function.[11]

Pavilions

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On opening day, the fairground had 200 buildings. The smallest standalone exhibition building was the House of Jewels, which covered 9,928 square feet (922.3 m2), while the largest was the General Motors pavilion, which covered 299,439 square feet (27,818.8 m2).[12] Many of the buildings' facades were decorated with murals, commissioned by both the WFC and by individual exhibitors.[13]

Communications and Business Systems Zone

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Fairgoers walking to the north of the Theme Center on the Avenue of Patriots would encounter the Communications and Business Systems exhibits. The focal point of this area was the Communications Building, a large structure with a pair of 160-foot-high (49 m) pylons flanking it[14][15] and a mural by Eugene Savage.[13] Numerous smaller exhibitors had space in the Communications Building.[16] The structure also had a theater, a Stuart Davis mural about technology, and seven illuminated panels about communications technologies.[14] The building was renamed the Maritime, Transport and Communications Building in 1940.[17]

The Communications and Business Systems Zone also contained the following buildings:

Pavilion Description Refs.
American Telephone & Telegraph A structure with several sections of varying heights.[18] The semicircular entrance court had a sculptural group called The Pony Express. Inside were several telecommunications exhibits, including one exhibit about the Voder electronic-voice synthesizer.[19] [18][19]
Business Systems and Insurance Building An L-shaped structure that housed numerous companies such as Aetna, MetLife, and IBM.[20][21] The sculptor Joseph Kiselewski created a large sundial for the building.[22] [20][21]
Crosley Corporation A building displaying the products of the Crosley Corporation. The main building's facade had a panel depicting the corporation's products, while the products themselves were located inside. A separate structure contained a rest area.[23] In addition, there was a broadcast studio.[24][25] [23][24][25]
Masterpieces of Art Three pavilions around a courtyard, which contained 25 galleries with valuable Old Master works, many of which were borrowed from Europe.[23] Different works of art were displayed during the 1939 and 1940 seasons.[26] [23][26]
Radio Corporation of America A structure shaped like a radio tube. Inside were exhibits about televisions, broadcasting, and various types of radio communications; these included dioramas and a yacht.[27] There were also a lagoon and a park next to the structure.[28] [27][28]

Community Interest Zone

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The Community Interest Zone was located just east of the Communications & Business Systems Zone.[29] The region's exhibits showcased several trades or industries that were popular among the public at the time, such as home furnishings, plumbing, contemporary art, cosmetics, gardens, the gas industry, fashion, jewelry, and religion.[30] Besides the focal exhibit, the Community Interest Zone included the following buildings:

Pavilion Description Refs.
American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corporation A yellow-and-orange structure with a curved colonnade. Inside the colonnade were displays of heating appliances, air conditioners, and plumbing. [31]
Christian Science A visitor center for the Christian Science movement, with murals, conversation rooms, telephone booths, and reading rooms.[31] The building consisted of a rotunda topped by a circular tower.[32] [31][32]
Contemporary Arts Building / American Arts Today A building with 23 exhibition galleries that displayed contemporary art, in addition to two studios where artists demonstrated how they created their work.[31] The building was renamed in 1940.[17] [31]
Electrified Farm A fully functioning farm with electrically-powered appliances.[33] The farm included a farmhouse, orchard, barns, and crop fields.[34] [33][34]
Gas Exhibits Inc. A structure with an exhibit hall for 22 manufacturers and an auditorium.[35] There was also a "court of flame" and a model house with gas appliances. [36] [35][36]
House of Jewels A simple concrete structure with jewelry displays, alongside an amphitheater with diamond exhibits.[37] At the time of its opening, the pavilion was described as the largest display of jewels and diamonds in the U.S.[38] [37][38]
Johns-Manville Sales Corporation A structure with exhibits about Johns Manville's industrial products and home-construction materials.[39] On the facade was the Asbestos Man sculpture designed by Hildreth Meière.[40] [39][40]
Maison Coty A glass building with displays of Coty perfumes, as well as exhibits on the history and manufacturing process of perfumes, [41]
Palestine Exhibits Inc.[a] A structure with displays about the history of the Jews in the Palestine region.[41] The building featured a monumental hammered copper relief sculpture on its facade titled The Scholar, The Laborer, and the Tiller of the Soil by Maurice Ascalon.[43] Several major Israeli artists presented their work, including Isaac Frenkel Frenel and Shimshon Holzman.[44] [41]
Temple of Religion A nonsectarian structure with a 150-foot-tall (46 m) circular tower.[45] The pavilion included a landscaped garden, a porch where performances took place, and a 1,200-seat auditorium.[46] John W. Hausermann funded the new Aeolian-Skinner pipe organ that was installed in the building.[47] [45][46]
Town of Tomorrow A set of 15 "demonstration homes".[48] Each home was decorated by a different company; most of the houses were designed in an 18th-century style, though some were designed in a modern style.[49] [48][49]
Works Progress Administration An exhibit with models of Works Progress Administration workers doing various tasks. There was also a 299-seat auditorium and an open courtyard where performances were held. [50]
Young Men's Christian Association of the City of New York A visitor center for the YMCA, with a restaurant, meeting areas, and lounges.[51] There was also a large map of YMCA locations worldwide.[52] [51][52]

Government Zone

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The Government Zone was located at the east end of the fair, on the eastern bank of the Flushing River. It contained 21 pavilions, several smaller buildings, a centrally located Court of Peace, a Lagoon of Nations, and a smaller Court of States. The 60 foreign governments built many pavilions housing a myriad of cultural offerings.[53][54] Nations could build their own pavilions or lease space in the Hall of Nations; some nations chose to do both.[55] Nazi Germany was the only major country that did not have any exhibits at the fair.[56][57] China initially did not have a pavilion at the fair due to the ongoing Sino-Japanese War,[58] but a Chinese exhibit was added during the 1940 season.[59]

Standalone pavilions

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The following nations had standalone pavilions.[60]

Pavilion Description Refs.
Argentina A structure surrounded by four pylons with glass showcases, including a diorama. There was a fine arts room, exhibition hall, theater, restaurant, and other visitor spaces.[61] The pavilion displayed work from Argentine artists and movies about life in Argentina.[62] This pavilion only operated during the 1939 season.[63][64] [61][62]
Belgium A structure constructed of Belgian materials, including a 155-foot (47 m) bell tower made of Belgian slate. Inside were a reception hall, restaurant, offices, movie theater, and three exhibition spaces.[65] A collection of Belgian diamonds was also displayed.[66] [65][66]
Brazil A two-story, L-shaped building with plants, a Good Neighbor hall, and exhibition halls about Brazilian products.[67] At the center of the building was an aviary with a reflecting pool and native Brazilian plants.[68] [67][68]
Canada A stucco-and-glass-block structure with a reflecting pool.[69] Inside was a main hall with exhibit spaces operated by various Canadian agencies, companies, and provincial governments, as well as a large map of Canada. A secondary hall was dedicated to Canadian industry.[70] [69][70]
Chile A two-story, stucco-and-steel structure.[71] Inside was a hall of government and other halls dedicated to various aspects of Chilean culture. There was also an open-air deck and a garden.[72] This pavilion only operated during the 1939 season.[63][64] [71][72]
Czechoslovakia A structure dedicated to Czechoslovakian industry. The hall contained a mural, a decorative wood panel, and a large Czechoslovakian carpet, in addition to a restaurant and displays about several industries.[73] During the pavilion's construction, it was shortened by 45 feet (14 m).[74] [73]
France A three-story modern-style structure with a roof terrace. The first floor and mezzanine had a tourist bureau, dioramas, artwork, and displays of French fashions and a 500-seat auditorium. The top floor had history, art, and furniture restaurants and a restaurant. [75][76]
Great Britain A pair of buildings with a first-floor connection. There were exhibits dedicated to various aspects of British society, in addition to a rare copy of the Magna Carta, the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom, and royal silverware.[77] In addition, there was an art gallery, restaurant, movie theater, industrial exhibits, and an official-publication area.[78] This structure was one of the fair's four British pavilions.[79] [77][78]
Ireland A structure shaped like a large shamrock, with a sculpture representing Ireland on its facade.[80] Inside was a tourist bureau, a mural and pictures of Ireland, and exhibits of Irish products.[81] [80][81]
Italy A structure with a 200-foot (61 m) high waterfall dedicated to Guglielmo Marconi.[82][83] The pavilion occupied 100,000 square feet of space.[84] On the first floor were halls dedicated to Italian technology, industry, and transportation, while the second floor contained exhibits about Italian explorers, Italian colonies, and Marconi.[82] There were also two restaurants.[83] [82][83]
Japan A stucco structure resembling a traditional Shinto shrine, set within a Japanese garden.[85] It offered tea ceremony and Japanese flower arrangement exhibits.[86] The interior had a "diplomat room" and a mural[87] and was designed by the Japanese architect and photographer Iwao Yamawaki.[88] [85][86]
League of Nations A pentagonal structure surmounted by a circular turret measuring 100 feet (30 m) tall.[89] Inside were exhibits relating to the League of Nations and its member countries' accomplishments.[90] [89][90]
Netherlands This pavilion contained dioramas and demonstrations relating to the Netherlands proper, the Dutch East Indies, and Curaçao and Dependencies. A garden with 65,000 tulips was placed around the pavilion.[91] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[92] [91]
Norway A replica of a farm storage house; the main facade was made of glass bricks, and the second story protruded from the facade.[93] Inside the entrance, a hall of representation included an allegorical mural about Norwegian culture. There were also exhibits on Norwegian arts and crafts, society, and industry, in addition to a movie theater and a restaurant.[94] [94][93]
Poland A pair of structures. The main building was topped by a tower and had exhibit spaces, while the other building included a bar and restaurant. In the main building was a court of honor, a hall of science with 200 inventions, a room with two dioramas of the city of Gdynia, and a fashion display.[95] The building included 11,000 items,[96] as well as the King Jagiello Monument at the main entrance.[97] [95][96][97]
Portugal A structure divided into nine sections, each covering different aspects of Portuguese society.[95] There were exhibits of Portuguese art, relief maps, and photographs of Portuguese society and culture.[98] [95][98]
Romania A four-story building with balconies modeled after Romanian monasteries.[99] Inside were exhibits about Romania's history and culture, as well as a restaurant designed in the style of a Romanian mansion.[100] The pavilion's restaurant only operated for the 1939 season.[101] [99][100]
Soviet Union[b] A semicircular structure with two wings partially enclosing a courtyard. The interior was divided into 11 sections detailing Soviet culture and history.[102] There was a replica of the Mayakovskaya station of the Moscow Metro, whose designer Alexey Dushkin received Grand Prize of the 1939 World's Fair.[103] The Soviet pavilion's courtyard contained a statue on a pylon, which was 260 feet (79 m) tall.[104] There was a separate structure with exhibits about the Soviet Union's Arctic activities.[102][105] This pavilion only operated during the 1939 season.[106] [102][104][105]
Sweden A set of buildings around a central garden, with a restaurant, movie theater, a space for music and dance performances, and a tourist booth.[107] The pavilion displayed Swedish goods, artifacts, and artwork. There was also a full-length film about Sweden, a 10-foot-tall (3.0 m) wooden horse representing Swedish handcrafts, and a demonstration of time signals.[108] [107][108]
Switzerland A structure with a curved facade. Its main hall included exhibits about Swiss sports, education, spas, and geography.[109] There was also a restaurant, auditorium, beer garden, and alpine garden.[109][110] Switzerland's main pavilion was connected to the Hall of Nations' Swiss exhibit via a footbridge.[110] [109][110]
Turkey A structure with a stucco-and-tile facade topped by a turret.[111] The building had a courtyard with a pool, which was surrounded by displays about liquor, tobacco, and Turkish minerals.[112] Inside were displays of Turkish artwork and artifacts, a replica of Istanbul's Grand Bazaar, and a tourism bureau.[109][112] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[64] [109][111][112]
United States The Federal Building was set between two 150-foot (46 m) pylons, each decorated with sculptures. The interior was divided into 12 sections about different aspects of the United States government.[113][114] It also contained a theater and interior courtyard,[114] as well as large murals.[113] [113][114]
Venezuela A 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) space.[115] The structure contained exhibits about major Venezuelan products, as well as a mural and sculptures depicting these products.[102] This pavilion operated only during the 1939 season.[59] [102]

Hall of Nations

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The following nations were located in the Hall of Nations. Some of these nations only had space in the Hall of Nations, while other nations had space both in the Hall of Nations and in a standalone pavilion.[60]

Pavilion Description Refs.
Albania An exposition of products made in Albania, along with an Albanian restaurant.[116] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[92] [116]
Australia A structure at the western end of the Lagoon of Nations. The building was divided into three sections each describing a different aspect of Australia's history.[117] This structure was one of the fair's four British pavilions.[79] [117]
British Colonial Empire This exhibit consisted of six sections, each dedicated to a different British dependency, in addition to a giant mural about all of the dependencies.[118] It was one of the fair's four British pavilions.[79] [118]
Cuba This exhibit displayed Cuban cultural artifacts, architecture, and products.[73] This exhibit operated only during the 1939 season.[59] [73]
Czechoslovakia An adjunct to the Czechoslovakia pavilion with exhibits on the nation's history, products, artwork, literature, and tourism. [73]
Denmark This exhibit included Danish arts and crafts, in addition to a restaurant.[73] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[92] [73]
Dominican Republic This exhibit contained a tribute to the voyages of Christopher Columbus, as well as displays about the Dominican Republic's industries. [73]
Ecuador A 5,400-square-foot (500 m2) circular space. There was a bas relief on the facade and a mural inside, both designed by Camilo Egas.[119] This exhibit displayed cocoa beans and straw hats, in addition to dioramas of Ecuadorian products and minerals.[120] [119][120]
Finland A 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) space.[121] This exhibit included displays about Finnish community and industry. There was also an information service, handicraft display, and restaurant.[122] [122]
France An adjunct to the France pavilion with exhibits about Overseas France. [123]
Greece This exhibit was a marble room with murals of Greek landscapes, as well as five pieces of old Greek sculptures. Native Greek products were shown in a separate space on the second floor. [118]
Hungary A set of Hungarian culture exhibits and a restaurant.[124] The pavilion included Hungarian art, agriculture, fashion, and embroidery, in addition to a statue of Saint Istvan and a large map of Hungary.[125] [124][125]
Iceland This exhibit contained exhibits about Icelandic government, society, and industry. [81]
Iraq A space with elaborate multicolored decorations. This exhibit included replicas of Baghdad storefronts, models of old buildings, gold and silver jewelry, and films about Iraqi history. [81]
Italy An adjunct to the Italy pavilion. Within that space were maps of the Italian empire and a bronze statue of Mussolini. [126][127]
Lebanon This exhibit included a relief map of Lebanon, models of ancient Lebanese buildings, drawings by Blanche Ammoun, and exhibits about the Phoenician alphabet. [128]
Lithuania A 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) space.[115] This exhibit included murals about Lithuanian history, a statue of Vytautas, and a map of Lithuania.[129][130] There were also exhibits about various aspects of Lithuanian society and culture on the first and second floors.[129] [129][130]
Luxembourg A 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) space.[121] This exhibit included paintings of old castles, as well as photographs of Radio Luxembourg and rural scenes.[91] [91]
Mexico A 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) space.[130] This exhibit showcased ancient Mexican artifacts, modern goods, carvings, ornaments, and photographs of modern-day Mexican infrastructure projects.[91] [91]
New Zealand This exhibit included a mockup of Sutherland Falls in New Zealand; photographs of New Zealand's landscape; and exhibits about the Māori people and New Zealand's society, education system, and industry.[94] It was one of the fair's four British pavilions.[79] [94]
Pan American Union A structure for the 21 constituent countries of the Pan-American Union and several communications and transportation companies. The governments of Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, and Uruguay distributed informational booklets at the pavilion.[131] In the central hall was a large relief map of the Americas.[132]
See also: Good Neighbor Policy and the 1939 World's Fair
 [131][132]
Paraguay An exhibit dedicated to Paraguayan culture. This exhibit operated only during the 1940 season. [133]
Peru An exhibit about both modern and ancient Peruvian culture. This exhibit included four sections about different aspects of Peruvian culture, in addition to Inca artifacts, sculptures, paintings, gold and silver, glass, and other objects. [95][134]
Portugal An adjunct to the Portugal pavilion. It included an exhibit about attractions in Madeira, as well as dance performances and movie screenings. [95]
Siam[c] / China A 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) space.[136] For the 1939 season, this exhibit contained Thai decorations, furnishings, artwork, and handcrafts, in addition to movies about Thailand.[99]

For the 1940 season, the exhibit displayed paintings, porcelains, and other artifacts from China, and it also included a souvenir shop.[59] It originally included a mural of the U.S. flag, which was removed due to protests.[137]

[99][136][59]
Southern Rhodesia This exhibit included replicas of the Matobo National Park and Victoria Falls, in addition to information about the industries of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).[138] The exhibit operated only during part of the 1939 season.[139] [138]
Soviet Union[b] An adjunct to the Soviet pavilion, which included information about the Soviet government.[102] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[106] [102]
Spain This exhibit contained information about Spain's culture and history, a mercury fountain, and several artworks both on the facade and inside the building. [140][141]
Switzerland An adjunct to the Switzerland pavilion. It was divided into three sections describing Switzerland's history, Swiss watches, and Swiss textiles.[109] The Swiss exhibit was connected to Switzerland's main pavilion via a footbridge.[110] [109]
Turkey An adjunct to the Turkey pavilion, which provided information about Atatürk's reforms.[109] There were also two statues in addition to a bust of the Turkish president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.[112] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[64] [109][112]
Yugoslavia This exhibit included folk art, photographs, a tourist bureau, and displays about various aspects of Yugoslav history and culture. There was also a sculpture representing Yugoslavia and a large map of the nation.[142] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[92] [142]
  •  
    British Pavilion
  •  
    Italian Pavilion
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    Jewish Palestine Pavilion
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    The Netherlands Garden, located in the Netherlands Pavilion exhibit
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    Polish Pavilion
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    Swedish Pavilion
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    USSR Pavilion at night

States

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The fair included pavilions for 25 U.S. states and Puerto Rico. While most of the pavilions surrounded a small lagoon in the Court of States, the pavilions of New York and Florida were outside the Court of States.[143][144] The lagoon was flanked by shade trees. The buildings' designs generally included details that were influenced by the English, French, Georgian, and Spanish architectural styles.[145] Some of the pavilions were replicas of notable buildings or architectural styles in each state; for example, Pennsylvania's pavilion was a replica of Independence Hall, while Texas's pavilion was a copy of the Alamo Mission.[146] The New England states (with the exception of Maine) shared space in an area that was designed to resemble a New England waterfront.[144][146] The Court of States also included exhibits from many of the southeastern states, each of which had individual pavilions.[144][147]

In advance of the 1940 season, some of the state exhibits were expanded, while others were shuttered.[148] Some states considered hosting exhibits at the 1939 World's Fair before canceling their plans. Nevada's exhibit was canceled in June 1939 due to labor-related troubles,[149] and California scrapped plans for an exhibit after the New York State Legislature refused to provide funds for a New York state pavilion at the Golden Gate International Exposition.[150]

Pavilion Description Refs.
Arizona A pavilion with large photographs of Arizona's industries and geography on its facade.[151] Inside were displays about the state's natural resources.[152] [151][152]
Arkansas This exhibit had displays about various aspects of Arkansas, such as a diorama of Hot Springs National Park and exhibits about the state's agriculture and products. [143][152]
Boy Scouts Camp A 2-acre (0.81 ha) camp next to the Federal Building. Members of the Boy Scouts of America lived in the camp while working the fairgrounds. [153][154]
Florida A structure made of materials from Florida. It was surrounded by tropical plants, palm trees, and orange trees, while the building itself had 45 exhibits about various aspects of Florida's history and culture.[146][155] A motorboat transported visitors across Meadow Lake to the Florida pavilion.[156] Midway through the fair, the world's largest carillon was installed in the bell tower.[157] [146][155][157]
Georgia / American Legion An American colonial-style building covering 6,000 square feet (560 m2).[158][159] For the 1939 season, it contained exhibits about Georgia's culture and economy, including gold objects, minerals, cotton, ceramics, and wildlife.[158] For the 1940 season, this structure hosted artifacts and documents relating to the American Legion.[160] [158][159][160]
Illinois This exhibit contained a scale model of Chicago with 450,000 buildings. In addition, there were exhibits about various aspects of Illinois history, such as models of Abraham Lincoln's Springfield home. [161][146]
Maine A 4,500-square-foot (420 m2) structure.[146] During 1939, this exhibit included displays about Maine's agriculture, industry, recreation, and coastline.[144][161] During 1940, it was converted into a standalone New Hampshire pavilion,[162] which included dioramas of New Hampshire's mountains and a stream with trout swimming.[148] [161][146][144]
Massachusetts A structure with three halls about Massachusetts's past, present, and future. The halls contained dioramas, articles, documents, and products created in the state. [161]
Missouri A reproduction of the Ralls County Courthouse. Inside were dioramas about Missouri's geography, agriculture, manufacturing, and natural resources. [163][146]
New England A pair of Bullfinch-style buildings made of brick with white trim.[143][164] The focal exhibit was a 125-foot-long (38 m) schooner named Yankee.[165]
  • The Connecticut section had displays about agriculture, the Merritt Parkway, and life in Connecticut.[166]
  • The New Hampshire section included dioramas of various scenes, a relief map, and a farm kitchen.[167] During the 1940 season, it was converted to an exhibit about New Hampshire's winter sports.[148]
  • The Rhode Island section included a mural about the state's accomplishments, a map of the state, a Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington, and displays about the state's industries.[168] During the 1940 season, the Rhode Island section became part of the Massachusetts pavilion and included a movie theater and bar.[148]
  • The Vermont section included a scene from the Green Mountains, a mural of a maple grove, dioramas, and photomontages.[169]
 [143][164][165]
New Jersey A replica of the Old Barracks, made of stone from New Jersey. Inside were displays about New Jersey's agriculture, industries, history, geography, and highways.[167][170] The facade of the pavilion ha[148]d three murals depicting the state.[171] During the 1940 season, a diorama of a beach was added. [167][170][171]
New York City A rectangular structure near the Trylon and Perisphere.[172] Inside were dioramas, murals, models, and displays about various departments of the city government.[173][174] There were a total of 63 exhibits, as well as an auditorium.[174] [153][173][174]
New York State A temporary building outside the Meadow Lake amphitheater. The lobby included the emblems of New York's 62 counties in a grand panorama. There were also displays about departments of the New York state government; dioramas of Niagara Falls and Jones Beach State Park; a raised-relief map of New York City; busts of notable people from New York state; and various artifacts from New York state history. [175][176]
North Carolina A structure divided into three sections. The Theme Exhibit had dioramas about North Carolina's culture and economy. The Court of Tourism had color photos of visitor attractions like the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. The Hall of Development included displays about the state's history and inventions, including airplane models and 12 heroic-size figures. [177][178]
Ohio A Georgian-style red brick building with a revolving statue at its entrance. Inside were displays about Ohio's economy and a movie about Ohio's attractions.[177][146] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[179] [177][146]
Pennsylvania A replica of Independence Hall with three exhibit spaces.[143][144] The hall of democracy had a mural of a Pennsylvania landscape. The hall of tradition had display cases with documents, plastic mannequins wearing period clothing, and displays about notable events in Pennsylvania's history. The hall of progress included displays about the state's resources.[180] [143][144][180]
Puerto Rico A 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) building surrounding a mockup of a tropical garden.[181] Inside was a mockup of a street in San Juan, with exhibits on Puerto Rico's products, There were also replicas of an undersea garden, the Casa Blanca, and La Fortaleza.[180] For the 1940 season, new exhibits about art and industry, as well as a map of Puerto Rico, were added.[182] [181][182][180]
Tennessee A 13,000-square-foot (1,200 m2) Georgian-style building. It included photographs, mechanical displays, and dioramas about various aspects of Tennessee's culture and geography. [168]
Texas A replica of the Alamo Mission.[146] The central hall included a relief map of Texas highlighting various historical events in the state's history. The building included an auditorium in one wing, and there were lounges and meeting rooms in the other wing.[168] [146][168]
Utah This exhibit included displays and dioramas of Utah's agriculture sector, mining sector, and tourist attractions.[168] It included large displays of the Mormon Temple and Mormon Tabernacle.[146] [146][168]
Virginia A domed structure whose interior was designed to resemble Thomas Jefferson's estate at Monticello.[144] There was a main room and three smaller rooms. The smaller rooms contained an information office, a relief map of Virginia, and an area for temporary displays.[169] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[183] [144][169]
Washington A structure incorporating woods from Washington state. It had a diorama of Mount Rainier, as well as displays about Washington's natural resources. [146][184]
West Virginia A 3,000-square-foot (280 m2) structure made of woods from West Virginia.[153][185] There were displays about the state's agriculture, geography, industry, natural resources, and recreation.[153] The space was decorated extensively with murals that depicted West Virginia.[146] For the 1940 season, the building was expanded to include exhibits from 12 industries and businesses.[185] [146][153][185]


Food Zone

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Southwest of the Government Zone was the Food Zone, composed of 13 buildings in total (the Swedish and Turkish pavilions were physically within the Food Zone but were classified as being part of the Government Zone[186]). Its focal exhibit was Food No. 3, a rhomboidal structure with four shafts representing wheat stalks.[187][188] The Food Zone included the following buildings:

Pavilion Description Refs.
Academy of Sport A building with sports-related murals on the facade. Inside were displays of sports trophies and sports gear. Coaches also taught classes about sports. [189]
American Tobacco Company This building included cigarette-making machines, dioramas about tobacco production, and a movie about how cigarettes were made. [189]
Beech-Nut Packing Company A structure with murals on its facade. Inside were dioramas about coffee production, in addition to a miniature circus parade. [190]
Borden Company A rotunda with 150 pedigreed cows (including the original Elsie) on a Rotolactor that allowed bathing them, drying them, and milking them in a highly mechanized way. There was also a main hall with dioramas and displays. [190]
Continental Baking Company A structure with a curved facade decorated with balloons. Inside was a demonstration of the breads and other products being baked. [191]
Food Building A large rotunda measuring 60 feet (18 m) tall,[192] with murals by Pierre Bourdelle on its red-and-white facade.[13] Inside was a dining terrace and a large restaurant.[192] The rotunda hosted exhibits from multiple companies, such as dioramas, live manufacturing demonstrations, slideshows, films, and snack bars.[193] [192][193]
General Cigar Company A structure with a tobacco-themed mural, an exhibit auditorium, a movie screen displaying world news, scoreboards for American football games, and a lounge. [194]
Heinz Dome A 90-foot-tall (27 m) dome with murals on its facade. Inside was a set of plaques, and a laboratory where tomatoes were grown.[195] For the 1940 season, the statue Goddess of Perfection sculpture by Raymond Barger was mounted atop the dome.[154] [195][154]
Libby, McNeill & Libby / European Center A replica of a modern ship. For the 1939 season, the pavilion's lower deck had an exhibition about the canning industry's history and a set of live shows. Libby, McNeill and Libby's products were displayed on a lounge on the upper deck.[186]

For the 1940 season, it became a bazaar-style attraction where seven dealers from different countries sold items from around the world.[196]

[196][186]
National Dairy Products Corporation An exhibit about the manufacturing process of dairy and ice cream products, with a replica of a pasteurization and bottling plant. [186]
Schaefer Center A 1,000-seat restaurant serving European and American cuisines. The restaurant included murals about the history of beer, and the attached bar included murals about the restaurant's sponsor, Schaefer Beer. [186]
Standard Brands Inc. Four glass pavilions surrounding a 1,600-seat amphitheater. Inside the pavilion were exhibits relating to Fleischmann's Yeast, Chase & Sanborn Coffee Company, Royal Desserts, and the baking industry. [186]
Swift & Company A replica of an airliner. The "body" of the airliner had a lounge with a pool, while the "wings" had exhibits about the manufacturing process of Swift & Company's hot dogs. [186]

Production and Distribution Zone

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The Production and Distribution Zone was dedicated to showcasing industries that specialized in manufacturing and distribution.[197][198] The focal exhibit was the Consumers Building (also the Consumer Interests Building),[199] which was renamed the World of Fashion during 1940.[17] The L-shaped structure was illustrated with murals by Francis Scott Bradford.[200] Numerous individual companies hosted exhibitions in this region. There were also pavilions dedicated to a generic industry, such as electrical products, industrial science, pharmaceuticals, metals, and men's apparel.[201] A hall of textiles was also built for the fair.[202]

Pavilion Description Refs.
Carrier Corporation A 70-foot-tall (21 m) replica of an igloo.[203] The building displayed Carrier Corporation products and contained exhibits of air-conditioning installations around the world.[204] [203][204]
Consolidated Edison Company of New York A structure with a 3,000-square-foot (280 m2) "wall of water", which was illuminated in multiple colors at night.[205] Inside was a diorama of the New York metropolitan area, with over 4,000 buildings and miniature cars, trains, and elevators.[205][206] There was also an exhibit about the life of a typical Consolidated Edison Company worker.[205][207] [205][206][207]
E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company A structure with a 105-foot-tall (32 m) tower symbolizing the equipment used in chemical laboratories. The pavilion included a hall where visitors could watch chemists work, a marionette show, and displays of DuPont products. [208][209]
Eastman Kodak Company A semicircular structure for Eastman Kodak with a triangular wing.[210] Professional color photographs were shown on a 187-by-22-foot (57.0 by 6.7 m) screen in the hall of color. There was also a hall of light, where negatives, photo murals, and motion picture equipment were shown; an exhibition corridor with two movie screens; an outdoor photograph garden; and an exhibit about the manufacturing process of cellulose acetate film.[211] During the 1940 season, a photography salon was added to the hall of light.[212] [210][211][212]
Electrical Products Building / Power-Electrical and Steam A structure with a 100-foot (30 m) pylon at its entrance. Inside were exhibits by Remington Rand, Animating Products Inc., and the White Sewing Machine Company.[210] The building was renamed in 1940.[17] [210]
Electric Utilities Exhibit A structure sponsored by 175 companies, with a 150-foot-tall (46 m) transmission tower and 40-foot-tall (12 m) waterfall. The building included replicas of a "street of yesterday" from 1892 with gas lamps, as well as an "avenue of tomorrow" with electric lamps.[210][213] There were also four electricity-themed exhibits.[214] [210][213][214]
Elgin National Watch Company A semicircular structure surrounding a circular observatory.[215] Inside were exhibits about the history of timekeeping devices and the process of manufacturing watches.[216] [215][216]
Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States A "garden of security" with an 0.5-acre (0.20 ha) outdoor amphitheater. At the center was a statue group called Protection. [217]
General Electric Company A structure with a stainless steel lightning bolt on its facade.[215] The pavilion included an auditorium called the House of Magic; a space called Steinmetz Hall where artificial lightning demonstrations were given; and displays of General Electric products.[218][215] For the 1940 season, a new theater for demonstrations was added.[219] [215][218][219]
Glass Incorporated A 25,000-square-foot (2,300 m2) rotunda surmounted by a 108-foot-tall (33 m) tower of plate glass and glass brick. The rotunda was surrounded by a patio with a glass ramp and an exhibit about glass.[220] Several glass companies hosted exhibits in the rotunda.[221] [220][221]
Hall of Industrial Science A structure with a 90-foot-high (27 m) lightning tower on its facade. Several companies hosted industrial-themed exhibits inside,[222] and there was also an exhibit by the New York Museum of Science and Industry.[223] This pavilion only operated during the 1939 season.[224] [222][223]
Hall of Pharmacy A pavilion with three sections about drugstores, the history of medicine, and family medicine cabinets.[225][226] The exhibit included a large medicine cabinet with a rotating stage.[227] The building also housed the International Drug Club's headquarters.[226] A section for the "drug store of the future" was planned but never completed.[228] [225][226][227]
Man, His Clothes, His Sports / Men's Apparel Quality Guild A structure with a curved fin on its facade and several menswear companies' exhibits inside.[229] There was also a 400-seat auditorium and an outdoor sports facility with space for up to 4,000 spectators.[230] The building was renamed in July 1939.[228] [229][230]
Metals Building / Hall of Industry A triangular building with four murals by Andre Durenceau on its facade.[13] Metal companies hosted exhibits inside.[231] The building was renamed in 1940.[17] [231]
Petroleum Industry Exhibition An 80-foot-tall (24 m) blue-green pyramidal structure, supported by four 20-foot-high (6.1 m) replicas of oil tanks.[232] It had a film about the oil industry, a "petroleum garden" with a map of oil derricks, and an oil refinery model.[232][233] The pavilion was sponsored by either 13 or 15 oil firms.[234][233] [232][233]
United States Steel subsidiaries A dome measuring 132 feet (40 m) wide and 66 feet (20 m) high, with 28,000 square feet (2,600 m2) of space across two floors.[235] There were dioramas, murals, and live demonstrations about the history of steel, in addition to a second-floor terrace.[233][235] Behind the building was a garden with a steel trellis.[233] More displays were added for the 1940 season, emphasizing the steel manufacturing process and steel industry.[236] [233][235][236]
Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company A horseshoe-shaped structure with two glass-enclosed halls.[233] Machinery and appliances were displayed in the halls of electrical power and electrical living, and there was also a theater of tomorrow.[214][233] Next to the exhibit was the Westinghouse Time Capsule, a tube with contemporary objects, which was not to be opened till the year 6939.[237] [214][233][237]

Transportation Zone

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The Transportation Zone was located west of the Theme Center, across the Grand Central Parkway.[238] The focal exhibit of the Transportation Zone was a Chrysler exhibit group. In the focal exhibit, an audience could watch a Plymouth being assembled in an early 3D film in a theater with air conditioning, then a new technology.[239] Though the New York City Building was physically within the Transportation Zone, it was classified as part of the Government Zone.[240] Other buildings in the Transportation Zone included:

Pavilion Description Refs.
Aviation Building A building divided into three sections, dedicated to travel, defense, and recreation and commerce. Four planes were suspended from the ceiling.[241] There were also three U.S. Army and three U.S. Navy planes.[242] [241][242]
Railroads A structure operated by the Eastern Railroads Presidents' Conference.[241][243] The Railroad Pavilion was the fair's largest single site, at 17 acres (6.9 ha);[241] it included a 110,000-square-foot (10,000 m2) exhibition building with a replica of a roundhouse.[243] The building's facade included railway-related murals. The interior contained railway exhibits, a large model train set, a stage show, and exhibits of actual locomotives such as the Coronation Scot locomotive.[244] [243][244]
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company An L-shaped structure with a central rotunda and a 100-foot-tall (30 m) spire. Inside were mockups of a tire factory and an American farm. [245]
Ford Motor Company A structure dedicated to the Ford Motor Company's products, which was topped by a 25-foot-tall (7.6 m) statue of the god Mercury. The entrance hall had Ford vehicles, a mural, and a large map, while the industrial hall had a turntable. There was also a garden court, as well as a rooftop spiral ramp called the Road of Tomorrow. [246]
General Motors A 7-acre (2.8 ha) pavilion with four structures, each rising four to six stories. The structures included a casino of science with animated displays and a genuine locomotive engine.[247] The 36,000-square-foot (3,300 m2) Futurama exhibit, designed by Norman Bel Geddes, included a diorama of a fictional American landscape.[248] There was also a research laboratory and animated displays about General Motors cars.[247] Sun decks, ramps, plazas, and roof gardens were spread throughout the pavilion.[249] [247][248][249]
B. F. Goodrich Company A streamlined structure, surrounding an elliptical courtyard where driving performances were hosted daily.[250] Above the pavilion's main entrance was a tower with a guillotine that crushed used tires. Inside were displays of automobiles, as well as interactive exhibits.[251] [250][251]
Marine Transportation Building An 80-foot-tall (24 m) structure shaped like the bows of two ocean liners.[252] The center of the building had an interactive world map showing steamship routes, and there were also model ships and exhibits about marine safety. Marine-transport companies had ticket booths and exhibits within the pavilion as well.[240] This exhibit only operated during the 1939 season.[224] [252][240]

Amusement Area

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Life Savers Parachute Jump
 
Audience members viewing The Billy Rose Aquacade at the 1939–40 World's Fair

The Amusement Area was located south of World's Fair Boulevard, along 230 acres (93 ha).[253][254] Unlike traditional fairgrounds, the Amusement Area at the 1939 Fair had no midway; instead, the fairground was divided into more than a dozen themed zones.[255][256] The Amusement Area contained numerous bars, restaurants, miniature villages, musical programs, dance floors, rides, and arcade attractions.[257][254] In general, the site was shaped like a horseshoe. The western shore of Fountain Lake contained Florida's pavilion and a military camp attraction,[254] while rides and concessions were mostly grouped around the eastern side of Fountain Lake.[254][253] There were also fireworks shows every night.[254] Many of the amusement rides were operated by either Harry C. Baker or Harry G. Traver, both of whom were prominent roller-coaster designers and operators.[258]

Due to the popularity of nude or seminude performances at the Golden Gate International Exposition, similar shows were also provided in the Amusement Area.[257] A number of the shows provided spectators with the opportunity of viewing scantily clad or topless women.[259] Many of these "girl shows" were delayed due to construction issues and censorship laws in the United States.[260][261] For the 1940 season, the area was rebranded as the "Great White Way", a reference to Broadway theatre.[17][224][262] During that season, the Amusement Area had 50 attractions in total; this consisted of 22 concessions, 12 rides, 12 eateries, three theatrical shows, and one fireworks show.[263]

Structure Description Refs.
Admiral Byrd's Penguin Island A replica of a penguin habitat. [264]
Aerial Joyride A ride with 16 swinging cars. [264]
Amazons in No-Man's Land A walk-through show where guests could see Amazonian women take part in contests. [264]
Archery Range An archery range with 28 stalls. [265]
Arctic Girl's Tomb of Ice A show where a woman was encased in a large block of ice. [266]
Artist Village An attraction where guests could watch artists paint, sketch, or carve artwork. Guests could also buy silhouette drawings. [266]
Auto Dodgem A ride with 52 bumper cars. [266]
Ballantine Three Ring Inn A 2,000-seat restaurant with performers.[266] There was a 500-seat cafeteria, 500-seat bar, and 1,000-seat main dining room.[267] [266][267]
Bel Geddes' Mirror Show A show where a woman performed in a mirrored room. [266]
Bendix Lama Temple A 28,000-piece full-sized replica of the 1767 Potala temple in Rehe, Manchuria. It was commissioned and brought back by the industrialist and explorer Vincent Bendix.[268] The Temple had previously been exhibited at the 1933 Chicago World's Fair, called "Century of Progress".[269] Attendance was disappointing in 1939. As a result, in 1940, a provocative show was added to the temple,[270] which involved multiple nude women.[271] [268]
Billy Rose's Aquacade A massive curved amphitheater at the north end of Meadow Lake.[272] The amphitheater hosted Billy Rose's Aquacade, a musical and water extravaganza with an orchestra to accompany the spectacular synchronized swimming performance.[266] [273]
Bobsled A bobsled ride. [273]
Brass Rail This company operated four restaurants throughout the Amusement Zone. [273]
Caruso Restaurant An Italian restaurant seating 300 people. [273]
Cavalcade of Centaurs A rodeo with performers from around the world. [274]
Centipede A ride that traversed a bumpy track. [275]
Children's World A 7-acre (2.8 ha) play area for children.[276][277] The area had two playgrounds with various rides for children aged 4–14.[277] There were also attractions such a clothes exhibit, miniature railway, bookstore, and doll palace.[276] [276][277]
Congress of World's Beauties An outdoor enclosure and 1,500-seat theater where beautiful women performed. [278]
Crystal Palace of 1939 An exhibit space detailing the history of past world's fairs. [279]
Cuban Village A show with performances by Cubans. [280]
Drive-a-Drome A car ride. [280]
Enchanted Forest A show incorporating elements from fairy tales. [280]
Fireworks stands Five thousand seats on the eastern shore of Meadow Lake. [281]
Frank Buck's Jungleland A show and miniature zoo with various wild animals. [280][254][282]
Gang Busters An exhibit about efforts to fight organized crime in the U.S. [283]
Giant's Causeway A replica of an Irish landscape. [283]
George Washington Camp An 11-acre (4.5 ha) reenactment of a military camp. [284][285]
Giant Safety Roller Coaster A 3,000-foot-long (910 m) roller coaster measuring 70 feet (21 m) high. [283][286]
Heineken's on the Zuider Zee A replica of a Dutch landscape, covering around 16,000 square feet (1,500 m2). [287]
Infant Incubator Inc. A building with infant incubators, topped by a large statue.[288] Babies were brought to the building via special ambulances, and they were placed in air-conditioned enclosures.[289] [288][289]
Jitterbug A car ride. [290]
Laff Land A building with a "tower of light" and a stage show inside. [290]
Laff in the Dark A dark ride. [290]
Life Savers Parachute Tower An attraction where passengers could be dropped off a 250-foot-tall (76 m) tower before being slowed down by parachutes.[290][291] There were originally 11 chutes, but a 12th chute was added in 1940.[292] [290][291][292]
Live Monsters A bamboo-covered structure with reptile exhibits. [293]
Living Magazine Covers A show featuring beautiful women whose faces were displayed on magazine covers. [293]
Mayflower Doughnut Corporation This company operated a restaurant in the Amusement Area. [293]
Merrie England A replica of an old English village. [293]
The Meteor A ride in which visitors were flipped at 90-degree angles within a sphere. [293]
Midget Auto Race A racetrack ride. [293]
Morris Gest's Miracle Town A tiny town covering about 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) and featuring around 120 little people. [293][294]
National Advisory Committee A structure for the National Advisory Committee, which included a main hall, lounges, offices, meeting rooms, and a dining room. [295]
National Cash Register Company A 40-foot-high (12 m) cash register–shaped building with exhibits and a cash register. [296]
Nature's Mistakes A freak show–style attraction. [296]
New York Zoological Society An attraction with rare animals from around the world, as well as a film series. [297]
Old New York A 2-acre (0.81 ha) area themed to New York City in the 1890s, with replicas of notable structures, theatrical performances, and a restaurant. [298]
Over the Top A Roll-O-Plane attraction. [299]
Palm Beach Club A nightclub. [300]
Penny Arcade An arcade with coin-operated games. [301]
Photomatic Studios A building where visitors could have photographs taken of themselves. [301]
Queensborough Host House A clubhouse for local social clubs. [301]
Salvador Dali's Living Pictures A show where women performed in front of three-dimensional artworks by Salvador Dalí.[301] The pavilion contained a number of unusual sculptures and statues as well as live nearly-nude performers posing as statues.[302] [301][302]
Savoy Ballroom Theatre A theater with 20-minute-long dance performances and swing bands. [301]
Seminole Village A show with Seminole Native American people. [303]
Serpentine A ride with tubs that traveled on a twisting track. [304]
Silver Streak A ride that traveled on a circular track at speeds of up to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h). [305]
Skee Ball and Chime Ball A Skee-Ball bowling alley. [305]
Ski Jump An attraction that offered winter sports classes during the 1940 season. [306]
Sky Ride An observation tower rising 200 feet (61 m). [305]
Snapper A ride with tubs that traveled on a twisting track. [305]
Sons of the American Revolution A building with American Revolutionary War memorabilia and meeting rooms. [305]
Strange as It Seems A show with unusual characters based on the cartoon strip Strange as It Seems. [307]
Stratoship A ride with bullet-shaped vehicles flying around a tower. [307]
Sun Valley A set of ski slopes, jumps, and slides. There was also an alpine town with replica mountains, a waterfall, an ice rink, and a restaurant. [307][308]
Theatre of Time and Space A theater that simulated a trip to space. [309]
Victoria Falls A replica of Victoria Falls. [310]
Wild West Show A show with an arena, bar, restaurant, and frontier town. [254]
World's Fair Hall of Music A 2,500-seat auditorium. [254][284]

Other exhibits

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Standalone exhibits

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There were two focal exhibits that were not located within any zone. The first was the Medical and Public Health Building on Constitution Mall and the Avenue of Patriots (immediately northeast of the Theme Center).[311] This structure contained a massive "Hall of Man" dedicated to the human body and a "Hall of Medical Science" dedicated to medical professions and devices.[311][312] The first floor of the building had a 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) private club for medical professionals, with a lounge.[313]

The Science and Education Building, located on a curved portion of Hamilton Place between the Avenue of Patriots and Washington Square, just north of the Medical and Public Health Building. The building was not used to teach science, but it contained an auditorium and several exhibits on science and education.[314]

Other structures

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At the west end of the fairground was the administration building; this structure included a first-floor hall with artifacts about the fair, in addition to offices and a cafeteria.[315] The building's facade had a 27-foot-tall (8.2 m) relief of a woman.[316] During the fairground's construction, the administration building contained mockups of industry-themed exhibits,[317] and it was also used to test out lighting systems.[318] The fair also had a hospitality center staffed mainly by women, This building had an auditorium, lounge, restaurant, dressing rooms, lockers, and offices for national and international organizations.[319]

Unbuilt exhibits

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The original plans called for a veterans' temple of peace next to the state-themed buildings.[320] South of the Food Zone, there was originally supposed to be a fisheries building with a stadium.[321] The WFC had also announced plans for a "freedom pavilion" in January 1939, depicting Germany before the Nazi government takeover,[322] but the plans were abandoned because of a lack of time and money.[323] Syria withdrew plans for a pavilion in April 1939 due to internal unrest.[324]

Critical reception

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In 1964, one writer for The New York Times wrote that "the exhibits were appreciated for things their sponsors never suspected", since they provided places for guests to relax.[325]

See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ Also known as the Jewish Palestine pavilion.[42]
  2. ^ a b Listed as "USSR" on official maps[60]
  3. ^ This pavilion was renamed the Thailand pavilion in mid-1939, after Siam's English name was changed to Thailand.[135]

Citations

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  1. ^ "City Grants Use Of Flushing Site For World Fair: Estimate Board Speedily Backs Move to Bring 40 Million Project Here". New York Herald Tribune. September 24, 1935. p. 20. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1330222757; "City's Fair Assured of Widespread Aid; Business is Elated; Board of Estimate Votes Full Backing for 1939 Project – Financial Help Likely". The New York Times. September 24, 1935. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
  2. ^ "World's Fair Sponsors File To Incorporate: Six Directors Designated, but Board Will Later Be Increased to Twenty-one 109 City Leaders Sign Financial Plans Are To Be Adopted at Early Meeting". New York Herald Tribune. October 23, 1935. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243474284; "1939 World's Fair Now a Legal Fact; Court Approves Incorporation Papers With Names of 109 Prominent New Yorkers". The New York Times. October 23, 1935. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  3. ^ "Commission Votes World Fair Lease; Sinking Fund Group Approves Transfer of Flushing Land to New Corporation". The New York Times. June 18, 1936. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
  4. ^ "Address Opens World's Fair: 600,000 Attendance Is Disappointing Exposition Theme Hailed in Talk". Daily Boston Globe. May 1, 1939. p. 1. ProQuest 817042199; "La Guardia Sees Success Assured; the Arrival of the President and Other Notables for the Opening of the New York World's Fair". The New York Times. May 1, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  5. ^ "Fair Closes, 79,482 in Rain Say Au Revoir: Last Hardy Sightseers and Bargain Hunters TurnOut at Quiet Finale". New York Herald Tribune. November 1, 1939. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1267842853; Shalett, Sidney M. (November 1, 1939). "1939 Fair Closes; Seen by 26,000,000; Plans Laid for '40; Last Day is Quiet". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  6. ^ "Rush to the Fair Taxes All City's Traffic Systems: Subways and L. I. Road Tag 5,175 Through in 1st 10 Minutes Parking Lots Busy Snip and the World's Fair of 40 Is Officially Open". New York Herald Tribune. May 12, 1940. p. 31. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242959008; Porter, Russell B. (May 12, 1940). "'40 Fair Gets Off to Lively Start; 191,196 on Hand; The World's Fair of 1940 Opens, Dedicated to Peace and Freedom". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  7. ^ "British Fleet Aid On Way: , 580,721 Bid the Fair Good By In Record Day of Its 2-Year Run". New York Herald Tribune. October 28, 1940. p. 1A. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1320064105; Shalett, Sidney M. (October 28, 1940). "Rush as Fair Ends Brings Out 537,952, Its Biggest Crowd; Farewell to the Fair: Closing Scenes at the End of a Two-Year Run". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  8. ^ Whalen, Grover A. (January 1939). "The New York World's Fair of 1939: Fair Progress in a Nutshell". Bankers' Magazine. Vol. 138, no. 1. p. 27. ProQuest 124369078.
  9. ^ Monaghan 1939, pp. 46–47.
  10. ^ "Vast Queens Park Rising on Fair Site". The New York Times. December 6, 1936. Archived from the original on April 7, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  11. ^ "Fair Adopts Names of Noted Streets; Broadway and Petticoat Lane Among Those Representative of Old New York". The New York Times. June 21, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  12. ^ "$156,000,000 Show: Eleven Gates Ready to Swing at the N. Y. World's Fair: Spectacle". Newsweek. Vol. 13, no. 18. May 1, 1939. pp. 46, 49. ProQuest 1796267678.
  13. ^ a b c d "Outdoor Mural System Ready At World's Fair: Colorful Spectacle of Man's History Is Unfolded as Scaffolding Comes Down". New York Herald Tribune. April 20, 1939. p. 21A. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1255079016.
  14. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 57.
  15. ^ Cotter 2009, p. 39.
  16. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 58–61.
  17. ^ a b c d e f "Change Names of Buildings at Fair". Daily News. April 2, 1940. p. 384. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  18. ^ a b "Design for Telephone Building at the World's Fair". The New York Times. April 24, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  19. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 61.
  20. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 61–63.
  21. ^ a b "N. Y. World's Fair: Building Devoted To Business Systems And Insurance Firms". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 58, no. 84. May 1, 1939. p. 8. ProQuest 1677066535.
  22. ^ Bearor, K.A. (2011). Irene Rice Pereira: Her Paintings and Philosophy. American Studies Series. University of Texas Press. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-292-73723-5.
  23. ^ a b c d Exposition Publications 1939, p. 64.
  24. ^ a b Robertson, Bruce (May 1, 1939). "Television Motif Marks New York Fair". Broadcasting, Broadcast Advertising. Vol. 16, no. 9. pp. 20–21. ProQuest 1014928343.
  25. ^ a b "Crosley Gets Site for Studio at Fair; Three-Quarters of Acre Leased by Cincinnati Corporation--Exhibit Hall Planned". The New York Times. December 30, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  26. ^ a b "New Masterpieces for Fair Art Show; Masterpieces of Art to Be Shown at the World's Fair". The New York Times. March 7, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  27. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 65.
  28. ^ a b "R. C. A. Breaks Ground for Its Building at Fair: Will Complement Structure With Park and Lagoon; Plans Exhibits on Television and Navigation". New York Herald Tribune. June 22, 1938. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244305607; "Envoys to Attend Ceremony at Fair; 157 Representatives of 64 Foreign Nations to Hear Roosevelt Next Thursday". The New York Times. June 22, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  29. ^ Cotter 2009, p. 79.
  30. ^ Monaghan 1939, pp. 85–101.
  31. ^ a b c d e Exposition Publications 1939, p. 70.
  32. ^ a b "Christian Science Pavilion For World's Fair Approved". The Christian Science Monitor. May 6, 1938. p. 5. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 514594648.
  33. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 71.
  34. ^ a b "Model Electrified Farm To Be Displayed at Fair: Power Firm's Exhibit Will Include Crops, Orchard". New York Herald Tribune. August 2, 1937. p. 8. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243562393.
  35. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 74.
  36. ^ a b "Gas Interests to Sponsor Display at World's Fair: "Court of Flame' and Model House Are Features". New York Herald Tribune. November 1, 1937. p. 17. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1249576059; "Building at Fair for Gas Exhibit; $750,000 Structure to Include 'Court of Flame,' Kept Burning by Jets". The New York Times. November 1, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  37. ^ a b "House of Jewels' Rising at the Fair; Stone Is Laid for Smallest Building, Which Will Contain Most Valuable Exhibits". The New York Times. July 22, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  38. ^ a b "World's Fair Dedicates the House of Jewels, With Exhibits Valued at $8,000,000". New York Herald Tribune. May 17, 1939. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1259233575.
  39. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 76–77.
  40. ^ a b "Johns-Manville Building Ready At World's Fair: Brown Says Company Soon Will Begin Operating 3 New Factories, Giving Employment to 1,000". New York Herald Tribune. November 17, 1938. p. 18. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1257325521; "3 Plants Planned by Johns-Manville; Expansion, Making 1,000 Jobs, Announced at Dedication of World's Fair Building". The New York Times. November 17, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  41. ^ a b c Exposition Publications 1939, p. 77.
  42. ^ "Portugal Places Cornerstone For Pavilion at World's Fair". New York Herald Tribune. November 15, 1938. p. 25. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1255842052; "Portugal's Pavilion Begun at the Fair; Envoy Speaks at Cornerstone Laying--South Dakota Acts". The New York Times. November 15, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  43. ^ Monaghan 1939, p. 136.
  44. ^ "1940 Jewish Palestine Pavilion Catalog". www.1939nyworldsfair.com. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
  45. ^ a b "Temple of Faith Will Be Built At World's Fair". New York Herald Tribune. March 2, 1938. p. 21. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243161656; "Temple of Religion Planned for Fair; Non-Sectarian Enterprise to Symbolize American Heritage of Freedom of Worship". The New York Times. March 2, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  46. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 77–78.
  47. ^ McAll, Reginald L. (February 1, 1939). "Great Church Music Program at Exposition" (PDF). The Diapason. 30 (3): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2022. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  48. ^ a b Storey, Walter Rendell (June 16, 1940). "Home Decoration: Interiors At the 'Town of Tomorrow'; Color Schemes and Furnishings Shown at the Fair Stress Problems of Everyday Life—Rare Old Shawls on Exhibition". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  49. ^ a b "Town of Tomorrow Dedicated at the Fair: Home Building And Furnishing Exhibit Opens McDonald, Housing Chief, Terms It an Insurance Against Social Upheaval". New York Herald Tribune. May 19, 1939. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1249146122.
  50. ^ "W. P. A. to Show Its Activities In $250,000 Building at Fair". New York Herald Tribune. March 13, 1939. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1255339787; "WPA Is Spending $250,000 of Its Funds For Exhibit Building at the World's Fair". The New York Times. March 13, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
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  56. ^ "Fair Defies Nazis on Czech Pavilion; Center Will Open as Planned in Spite of Prague Order to Dispose of Building". The New York Times. April 14, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  63. ^ a b "Argentina Quits Fair, 5 Nations Increase Space: Chile Also May Go; E. F. Roosevelt Lists Gains in Latin-American Section". New York Herald Tribune. February 16, 1940. p. 10. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242979591.
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  69. ^ a b "Canada Reveals Building Plans At World's Fair: Pavilion's Design to Depict 'Young and Virile' Land; 2 Totem Poles to Guard Illuminated Outdoor Pool". New York Herald Tribune. October 3, 1938. p. 15. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1266807029; "Canadian Pavilion for Fair is Designed; It Will Seek to Portray a 'Young and Virile' Nation". The New York Times. October 3, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  71. ^ a b "Chile's Pavilion Is Dedicated to American Unity: Exhibit Is Termed Proof of Nation's Acceptance of Good Neighbor Policy". New York Herald Tribune. May 22, 1939. p. 7. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1255888111; "Pavilion of Chile Like a Showcase; Modernistic Structure Displays as Much as Possible of the Nation's Attractions". The New York Times. May 23, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  74. ^ "Czechoslovakia Speeds Pavilion At World's Fair: Whalen Acclaims Example as Envoy Gives Official Notice of Participation; Standley Guest at Lunch". New York Herald Tribune. November 4, 1938. p. 5. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1284434097; "Czechs to Speed Exhibit at Fair; Going Ahead With Its Plans Despite Difficulties Due to Dismemberment". The New York Times. November 4, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  76. ^ "French Exhibit Advanced; Three-Story Pavilion for Displays Nearing Completion Roof Terrace Restaurant Confer on Utah's Exhibit". The New York Times. December 4, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  77. ^ a b "World's Fair in New York: Opening to-day by President 29 Warships "at Home" British Pavilion Ready". The Observer. April 30, 1939. p. 17. ProQuest 481671177.
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  80. ^ a b "Fair Postpones Formal Start of Its Play Area: Fete Set for Next Saturday; Attendance Holds Up in Face of All-Day Drizzle Ireland's Pavilion Officially Opened After Dedication". New York Herald Tribune. May 14, 1939. p. 24. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243118184; "Ireland Express Pride in Fair Role as Twin Exhibits Are Dedicated in Rain". The New York Times. May 14, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  83. ^ a b c "Italy Will Spend $1,000,000 on Pavilion at Fair: Whalen Says Exhibit Will Stress Hydro Electric Power". New York Herald Tribune. April 20, 1938. p. 12. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242950729; "Italy's $1,000,000 Exhibit Plan Approved by World Fair Board; Latest Hydroelectric Developments and 12th Century Magic of Venetian Glass to Be Features-Marconi's Shop to Be Seen". The New York Times. April 20, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  89. ^ a b "Wallace Opens League Pavilion With Peace Plea: Tells 500 at Fail-Democracy Will Triumph; Rejects Isolation as U. S. Policy". New York Herald Tribune. May 3, 1939. p. 12. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1257405177; Porter, Russell B. (May 3, 1939). "Danish Pavilion is Opened by Crown Prince at Fair; League Dedicates Center; League of Nations Building Opened at Fair". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  92. ^ a b c d "31 Nations Accept World's Fair Bid". The Christian Science Monitor. February 25, 1940. p. 1. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 515525230.
  93. ^ a b "Old Ritual Hails Norway's Fair Site; Peasant Ceremony 'Dedicates' Pavilion--Envoy Tells Aims of Exhibit". The New York Times. January 7, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  96. ^ a b "Poland's Pavilion Opens Wednesday; Official Delegation, Headed by Minister of Commerce, to Arrive Tomorrow". The New York Times. May 1, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  97. ^ a b "Poland Dedicates Pavilion Of "Peace" At World's Fair: Somber Note Of World Unrest Undercurrent In New York Ceremony--Miss Perkins On Program". The Sun. May 4, 1939. p. 2. ProQuest 543095356; Porter, Russell B. (May 4, 1939). "Poland's Pavilion at the Fair Dedicated by Count Potocki; Envoy States Nation's Desire for Peace but Readiness for Defense--Whalen Aide Acts On Complaint of High Food Prices". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  98. ^ a b "Progress Cited As Portuguese Pavilion Opens: Minister Recalls Past Feats of Nation's Navigators, Praises Present Peace". New York Herald Tribune. May 9, 1939. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244886871.
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  100. ^ a b "Rumania Opens Pavilion Today; Work Is Rushed: Pink Marble Building's Roof Made of Sait; Restaurant Is in the Byzantine Style". New York Herald Tribune. May 5, 1939. p. 12. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244864132; "Rumanian Ideals Are Praised at Dedication of Fair Pavilion". The New York Times. May 6, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  101. ^ "Rumania's Call To Arms Closes Fair Restaurant: Romania House Suspends as 34 of Staff Go Back; Pavilion Remains Open". New York Herald Tribune. August 31, 1939. p. 6. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247122951; Bracker, Milton (August 31, 1939). "War Crisis Closes Fair Restaurant; 38 Employes Are Recalled by Rumania in Fear They Would Be Stranded". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
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  104. ^ a b Porter, Russell B. (May 31, 1939). "U.S. Flag at Fair Tops Russia's Star; Unfurled Atop the Parachute Jump—Greatest Throng on a Weekday Present". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 17, 2019; "Boro Veterans Plan to Give Fair a Flagpole". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. May 31, 1939. p. 7. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  105. ^ a b "World's Fair Ceremonies Open Ecuador's Exhibit and Soviet Union's Arctic Pavilion". New York Herald Tribune. June 12, 1939. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247111300; Hailey, Foster (June 12, 1939). "Fair's Tempo Slows and the Attendance Declines as Aftermath of Royal Visit". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  106. ^ a b "Russia Quits Fair, Costly Pavilion To Be Razed, Moved to Moscow". New York Herald Tribune. December 2, 1939. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1326773085; "Russia Quits Fair; Finns to Stay; Reds to Raze $4,000,000 Pavilion; Moscow Orders Withdrawal Without Giving Explanation--Building Must Be Down in 90 Days--No Comment by Fair". The New York Times. December 2, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
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  108. ^ a b "Sweden Shows Pavilion Before Its Dedication: Guests of Count Bernadotte Sample Smorgasbord at 35-Foot Revolving Table". New York Herald Tribune. May 4, 1939. p. 15. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1257517830.
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  110. ^ a b c d "Dedication of Swiss Pavilion Keyed to Theme of Democracy: Minister Stresses Tie of Common Ideals With U. S. and Declares His Country Seeks Only to Retain Its Independence". New York Herald Tribune. May 8, 1939. p. 6. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1260704058; "Democracy Is the Theme at the Swiss Ceremonies". The New York Times. May 8, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  111. ^ a b "Turkey to Open Two Buildings At Fair Today: Ambassador Will Dedicate State Structure; Ex-Envoy of U. S., the Pavilion". New York Herald Tribune. May 6, 1939. p. 6. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1254784953.
  112. ^ a b c d e "2 Cultures Blend in Turkish Center; Impact of Dynamic West on the East Is Traced Vividly in Pavilion's Exhibits". The New York Times. May 21, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  113. ^ a b c "Tour Is Made By President's Mother at Fair: Mrs. Roosevelt Is First to Inspect Interior of the Federal Building". New York Herald Tribune. April 28, 1939. p. 15. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1263375945.
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  115. ^ a b "64 Nations to Exhibit: Several Designs Approved A Carillon Tower". The Christian Science Monitor. April 15, 1938. p. 3. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 514813608; "Four More Nations Join Worlds Fair; Eire, Venezuela, Lithuania and Sweden Sign Contracts for Exhibition Space". The New York Times. April 15, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  119. ^ a b "Art of Egas Sets Motif for Ecuador; Colorful Pavilion Dominated by Work of the Nation's Leading Artist". The New York Times. June 12, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  120. ^ a b "Ecuador Called Land of Liberty At Dedication of Fair Pavilion". New York Herald Tribune. June 12, 1939. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247103597.
  121. ^ a b "3 More Nations Reserve Space At World's Fair: Netherlands Plans Pavilion of Its Own; Luxemburg and Finland Contract for 5,000 Feet Each in Hall". New York Herald Tribune. March 17, 1938. p. 12. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242893166; "4 Nations Engage Fair Exhibit Space; Netherlands and Colonies Take 95,000 Square Feet-Will Show Handicrafts of Indies". The New York Times. March 17, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  125. ^ a b "Hungary Holds Press Preview Of Fair Pavilion: Baron Karoly Kruchina Will Inaugurate the Exhibit in Hall of Nations Today". New York Herald Tribune. May 11, 1939. p. 17. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244887357; "Hungary Opens Pavilion at Fair; Dedicating the Hungarian Pavilion at the World's Fair". The New York Times. May 12, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  128. ^ "Lebanon Presents Story in Pavilion; Tiny Republic, in First Exhibit at International Exposition, Charms Visitors at Fair". The New York Times. July 20, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  130. ^ a b c "Mexico Contracts for Space at Fair; Exhibits to Include Handicraft in Silver and Textiles and Mayan Representations". The New York Times. September 3, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
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  132. ^ a b "Pan-American Union Will Join In World's Fair: Panama, Bolivia, Honduras, Guatemala and Colombia Will Utilize Its Pavilion". New York Herald Tribune. January 17, 1939. p. 11. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247091834; "Pan American Exhibit". The New York Times. January 17, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  133. ^ "Paraguay Will Have Own Exhibit at Fair: Was Represented Last Year in Pan American Pavilion". New York Herald Tribune. March 17, 1938. p. 12. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242968474; "Paraguay to Join Fair; Plans More Extensive Exhibit Than That of Last Year". The New York Times. January 25, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  134. ^ "Progress of Peru to Be Seen at Fair; Relics of Ancient Days Will Be Shown With Exhibits of Present in Pavilion". The New York Times. December 18, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  135. ^ "Pavilion of Siam Has Name Trouble; Since Country Is Now Called Thailand, Its Officials at Fair Are Bewildered". The New York Times. August 8, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  136. ^ a b "Siam Envoys Sign for Space at Fair; Life in Cities, Villages and Forests of Country Will Be Depicted in Exhibits". The New York Times. May 10, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  137. ^ "Disputed Mural Of Flag at Fair To Be Removed: China Aid Bureau Bows to Protests Over Painting Shaped Like Map of U. S.". New York Herald Tribune. July 17, 1940. p. 20. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1248542056; Bracker, Milton (July 17, 1940). "Use of Flag as Map Under Fire at Fair; Mural of Group That Aids China Stirs Anger of Women Against Communism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  138. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 114.
  139. ^ "Rhodesia Shuts Fair Exhibit as Result of War: France Curtails Operation of Her Pavilion 3 Hours Daily in Economy Move". New York Herald Tribune. September 12, 1939. p. 19. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1325006175; Shalett, Sidney M. (September 12, 1939). "Southern Rhodesia Quits World's Fair; Pavilion Is Closed on Orders From Government as the First 'War Casualty'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
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  141. ^ "Spanish Loyalists Plan Fair Exhibit; Country at War to Be Theme of Pavilion Here--Noted Artists to Give Paintings". The New York Times. September 1, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
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  143. ^ a b c d e f Markland, John (July 9, 1939). "Tour of the States at the World's Fair; Diversified American Scene, Its Beauties, Arts and Crafts, Awaits the Visitor". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  144. ^ a b c d e f g h i "State Exhibits Take Visitor To Scenes of Home: Pennsylvania Exhibit Maine Tells Story". The Christian Science Monitor. April 27, 1939. p. 9. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 515092332.
  145. ^ "33 States to Spend $4,000,000 at Fair; Whalen Estimates Cost of Exhibits to Be Situated in Court of States". The New York Times. October 2, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  146. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Court of States is Being Advanced; South Carolina Reconsiders Tabled Plan to Take Part in Exhibition Here". The New York Times. April 9, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  147. ^ Williams, Gladstone (February 3, 1938). "World Fair Exhibit for South Planned: Southern States to Work as Closely Knit Organisation on Displays". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 4. ProQuest 502928077.
  148. ^ a b c d e "States at Fair Have Expanded Their Exhibits: 13 Pavilions Give Visitor Panorama of Nation's Resources and Beauty Borrowed Timers of Ellensburg Wash., and Their Aids". New York Herald Tribune. June 30, 1940. p. A3. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243046784.
  149. ^ "Nevada Drops Out of Fair Over Union Trouble: Official Says Electricians Demanded Rewiring Here of Work Done in West". New York Herald Tribune. June 9, 1939. p. 15. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247101731; "Nevada Cancels Exhibit; High Cost Is the Reason". The New York Times. June 6, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  150. ^ "California Not To Have Display At World's Fair: Failure of New York Legislature to Vote Funds for Exhibit at Coast Show Is Cause of Withdrawal". New York Herald Tribune. June 19, 1938. p. 10. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243009796; "California Quits New York's Fair; Failure to Keep 'Gentlemen's Agreement' to Participate in Coast Show Charged". The New York Times. June 19, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  151. ^ a b "Mayor Helps Open Arizona's Pavilion; He Is Introduced as State's 'No. 1 Alumnus' at Fair". The New York Times. May 27, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
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  154. ^ a b c "Boy Scouts to Aid at the Fair Again; Will Maintain Own Service Camp on Two-Acre Plot at the Exposition". The New York Times. March 13, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
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  156. ^ "Fine Weather Increases Crowd; Children Parade on Special Day". New York Herald Tribune. July 13, 1939. p. 9. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1319982825.
  157. ^ a b "Big Carillon For Fair to Be Built by Deagan" (PDF). The Diapason. 30 (2): 2. January 1, 1939. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 17, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
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  159. ^ a b Hines, William M. Jr. (November 5, 1939). "Georgia Wins Acclaim At New York Fair". p. SM3. ProQuest 503180846.
  160. ^ a b "Legion to Have 'Americanism' Exhibit at Fair: To Use Georgia Building; Finnish Pavilion Will Be Opened Despite Loss of War". New York Herald Tribune. March 15, 1940. p. 22. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1264626716; "Legion Joins Fair in Georgia's Place; Building in Court of States to Stress 'American Way'-- Legion Day Sept. 20 Legion Day Announced Participation "Fitting"". The New York Times. March 15, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
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  162. ^ "Fair Bargain Book Bought by Mayor; Takes First 'Family Souvenir' Issue--Irked at Wording of Sign Advertising Them". The New York Times. April 12, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  163. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 123–125.
  164. ^ a b "Yankee 'Port' Scene Planned At World Fair: New Englanders Plan Exhibit for World Fair". The Christian Science Monitor. August 16, 1938. p. 9. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 514656244.
  165. ^ a b "Cahill, Acting For Saltonstall. Names Vessel 125-Foot Craft Is Center of Display Showing Typical Port of Last Century". New York Herald Tribune. April 16, 1939. p. 26. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243144532; "'Freedom of Press' is Symbol at Fair; Dedication of Statue Next Week is to Be Attended by Editors and Publishers". The New York Times. April 16, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
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  170. ^ a b "State's Exhibits Not Yet Ready In Fair Pavilion: Interior of Reproduction of Old Barracks Expected To Be Finished by May 15". New York Herald Tribune. April 30, 1939. p. 44. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244869167.
  171. ^ a b "Jersey Murals Hung in Exhibit At World's Fair: Pavilion's Panels Present Symbolic Pictorial View of Many State Activities". New York Herald Tribune. May 28, 1939. p. 16. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243162479.
  172. ^ "World's Fair Building Progress From Blueprints to All Colors: Even as the Big Construction Proceeds Rapidly, Landscaping Is Going On and the Show's Theme Begins To Be Evident Art at the World's Fair: Pulling the Finishing Touches on Three Large Murals". New York Herald Tribune. September 11, 1938. p. A3. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243091894.
  173. ^ a b "How City Cares For Its Millions Enacted at Fair: N.Y. Building Dramatizes Its Multiple Services, From Crime Detection to Art". New York Herald Tribune. May 1, 1939. p. 14. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247103148.
  174. ^ a b c "The Exhibits: an Amazing Array; Production and Distribution". The New York Times. April 30, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 22, 2023. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  175. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 125–126.
  176. ^ Duryea, Drix (September 17, 1939). "The State at the Fair; Each of the 62 Counties Has Own Exhibit In Colorful Show on Fountain Lake". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
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  178. ^ "Fair Dedicates North Carolina Exhibit Center: Governor Hoey Praises Beauty, Opportunity and Resources of His State". New York Herald Tribune. June 20, 1939. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247837106.
  179. ^ "Holiday Sets A Paid Gate Record at Fair: 276,003 Columbus Day Attendance Tops All but Week End Figures". New York Herald Tribune. October 13, 1939. p. 1A. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1252594294.
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  181. ^ a b "Winship Opens Puerto Rico's Hall by Phone: Asserts Island Is Proud To Be Represented at Fair; Is Introduced to Whalen Inaugurating Puerto Rico's Exhibit at the Fair". New York Herald Tribune. May 14, 1939. p. 27. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243117988.
  182. ^ a b Bracker, Milton (June 30, 1940). "Horinouchi, at Fair, Derides War Talk; Predictions of Conflict With U.S. Are Short-Sighted, He Says at Japan Day Fete". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  183. ^ "Virginia Lacks Funds For N.Y. Fair Exhibit". The Christian Science Monitor. March 28, 1940. p. 7. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 515510799.
  184. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 130–131.
  185. ^ a b c "West Virginia Renews Lease on Fair Pavilion: Enlargement to Care for 12 Additional Exhibits". New York Herald Tribune. January 24, 1940. p. 21. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242942722; "West Virginia Signs 1940 Fair Contract; First State to Take Advantage of 50 Per Cent Rent Cut". The New York Times. January 24, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 1, 2024.
  186. ^ a b c d e f g Exposition Publications 1939, p. 90.
  187. ^ Monaghan 1939, pp. 102–103.
  188. ^ Cotter 2009, p. 45.
  189. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 83.
  190. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 85.
  191. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, p. 86.
  192. ^ a b c "2 New Fair Units to Cost $575,000; Building for Food Exhibit-and One to Be Devoted to Means of Production Are Announced". The New York Times. July 9, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  193. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 87–89.
  194. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, p. 89.
  195. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 89–90.
  196. ^ a b "Fair's Sun Valley to Mirror Idaho's; Winter Sports All Summer to Feature $500,000 Village in the Amusement Area". The New York Times. February 1, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  197. ^ Monaghan 1939, p. 175.
  198. ^ Cotter 2009, p. 87.
  199. ^ "Financial News: Consumer Interests Bldg. For World's Fair". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 55, no. 105. November 29, 1937. p. 6. ProQuest 1653244943; "Fair to Show Buyers How to Stretch Dollars". New York Herald Tribune. November 28, 1937. p. 35A. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1222274659.
  200. ^ Monaghan 1939, pp. 175–178.
  201. ^ Monaghan 1939, pp. 176–195.
  202. ^ "Acre and a Half Hall of Textiles For World Fair". New York Herald Tribune. October 24, 1937. p. C8. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1223283701; "Model Shows Hall of Textiles for the New York World's Fair". The New York Times. October 24, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  203. ^ a b "Fair Will Have Eskimo Igloo; Air Cooled, Too: Carrier Corporation, Air Conditioners, Announce Exhibit for 1939 Which Will Even Simulate Snow". New York Herald Tribune. September 14, 1938. p. 21. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1256479538; "70-Foot Igloo to Be Built; Model of Huge Air-Conditioning Exhibit Given to Whalen". The New York Times. September 14, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  204. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 142.
  205. ^ a b c d "'City of Light' Exhibit Gives Realistic Picture of Life in Metropolis". The Brooklyn Citizen. April 28, 1939. p. 24. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  206. ^ a b "Block-Long Fair Exhibit to Show New York as the 'City of Light': 4,000 Buildings, Moving Stairways and Such Will Be Portrayed in Electric Utility's Diorama; Small Model of It Took 3 Months to Make". New York Herald Tribune. June 26, 1937. p. A3. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242999760; "Block-Long Diorama to Be Built at Fair; 24-Hour Cycle of Life of City to Be Shown". The New York Times. May 15, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  207. ^ a b "Consolidated Edison Will Portray Employe Status at World's Fair: Living Standards and Working Conditions Will Be Presented At Company's Exhibit". The Wall Street Journal. February 11, 1939. p. 2. ISSN 0099-9660. ProQuest 131220322; "'Average Employe' Edison Fair Theme; Workers' Living Standards Feature 'Bill Jones' Display --Exhibit Nearly Ready". The New York Times. February 11, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  208. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 145–147.
  209. ^ "Du Pont Calls Fair American Symbol; Company President Sees Proof That Science and Invention Lead Nation's Progress". The New York Times. April 25, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  210. ^ a b c d e f Exposition Publications 1939, p. 147.
  211. ^ a b "Eastman Kodak Photographic Exhibit Opens: Amateur and Professional Phases Covered at Fair in a 5-Section Display". New York Herald Tribune. May 16, 1939. p. 11. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247099620.
  212. ^ a b "World's Fair Kodak Exhibit Refurbished". The Christian Science Monitor. May 15, 1940. p. 8. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 515158934; "Eastman to Widen Exhibit at Fair; Greater Photography Display and Special Fashion Show Will Be Provided". The New York Times. March 27, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  213. ^ a b "1,600,000 at Fair Visit Electric Utilities Exhibit". New York Herald Tribune. August 23, 1940. p. 9. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1257373207.
  214. ^ a b c d "Electric Officials Dedicate Exhibit; 1,500 Utilities Executives Hear It Acclaimed as a Symbol of Nation". The New York Times. June 7, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  215. ^ a b c d e Exposition Publications 1939, p. 148.
  216. ^ a b "10,000 to Get Work Soon at World's Fair: 100 Buildings To Be Under Construction by End of April in Speed-Up Plan". New York Herald Tribune. February 15, 1938. p. 15. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1250603314; "13 More Concerns Take Space at Fair; Watch Company's Exhibit to Trace History of Timepieces From Rope-Burning Days". The New York Times. February 15, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  217. ^ "Equitable Life Dedicates Fair Garden Exhibit: 300 Attend Ceremonies Opening Center Built in Form of Amphitheater". New York Herald Tribune. May 24, 1939. p. 16. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1259587868.
  218. ^ a b "Work Started On World's Fair G. E. Building: Officials and Guests Attend Ceremony; Young Says Electric Industry Always Builds for Tomorrow Construction Is Begun on 'House of Magic' at World's Fair". New York Herald Tribune. June 23, 1938. p. 21. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244683282; "State Starts Work at the Fair Today; Gov. Lehman Will Speak--General Electric to Show 'Man-Made Lightning' Classical Design to Prevail House of Magic" to Be Offered". The New York Times. March 31, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  219. ^ a b "General Electric Expands Its World's Fair Exhibits". New York Herald Tribune. February 19, 1940. p. 17A. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242964838; "Expands Fair Exhibit; General Electric Alters Show to End Overcrowding". The New York Times. February 19, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  220. ^ a b "The Million Dollar Glass Center for the World's Fair". The New York Times. June 27, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  221. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 148–149.
  222. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 149–151.
  223. ^ a b "Science Exhibit Opened; Applications in Industry Are Illustrated by Museum". The New York Times. June 25, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  224. ^ a b c "Flanigan Says Exhibits at Fair Will Surpass '39: Announces New Attractions and Improvements Upon Displays and Buildings". New York Herald Tribune. March 9, 1940. p. 13A. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1335119347.
  225. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 151–152.
  226. ^ a b c "Speakers Hail The Drug Store At Fair Service: It Is Extolled as American Institution at Program Rededicating Pharmacy Hall at Festival's Site Hall of Pharmacy at New York Fair Is Dedicated". New York Herald Tribune. November 14, 1938. p. 5. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1267763973; "Fair to Dedicate Hall of Pharmacy; 10,000 Druggists Invited to Ceremonies at $1,000,000 Building on Nov. 13". The New York Times. October 23, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  227. ^ a b "Big Medicine Cabinet to Be Seen at Fair; Giant Exhibit Will Feature Hall of Pharmacy's Show". The New York Times. August 1, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  228. ^ a b "Hall of Pharmacy Survives Rent Row; Exhibitors Take Over Building When the Original Lessee Falls into Arrears". The New York Times. July 16, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  229. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 152.
  230. ^ a b Woodward, Stanley (April 30, 1939). "Football Coaches' School". New York Herald Tribune. p. I47. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1258898886.
  231. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 152–155.
  232. ^ a b c "Drilling for Oil to Be Seen at Fair; Derrick Will Be Manned by Workers Supplied With the Most Modern Equipment". The New York Times. June 13, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  233. ^ a b c d e f g h i Exposition Publications 1939, p. 156.
  234. ^ "13 Oil Firms to Erect Building at World Fair: Form Association to Present Petroleum Exhibits". New York Herald Tribune. August 9, 1937. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243565009; "Oil Leaders Back Huge Fair Exhibit". Times Herald. August 11, 1937. p. 8. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  235. ^ a b c "U. S. Steel Will Construct Hemisphere at 39 Fair: Stainless Steel Building Will Cover 21,190 Square Feet". New York Herald Tribune. April 21, 1938. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242887367; "This Fair Building to Be 'inside-out'; Steel Corporation to Exhibit in a Gleaming Hemisphere of Stainless Metal". The New York Times. April 21, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  236. ^ a b "U. S. Steel Will Revamp Exhibit at World's Fair: Todd Will Change Shows at Music Hall Monthly". New York Herald Tribune. February 20, 1940. p. 15. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242982139; "U.S. Steel to Revamp Exhibit at N.Y. Fair". The Christian Science Monitor. February 21, 1940. p. 6. ISSN 0882-7729. ProQuest 515060393.
  237. ^ a b "Westinghouse's Time Capsule Buried at Fair". New York Herald Tribune. September 24, 1938. p. 17. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244399190; "Record of Today Buried for 6939; 5,000-Year Time- Capsule Is Lowered Into Well on the World's Fair Grounds". The New York Times. September 24, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 2, 2024.
  238. ^ Cotter 2009, p. 25.
  239. ^ Monaghan 1939, pp. 199–201.
  240. ^ a b c Exposition Publications 1939, p. 170.
  241. ^ a b c d Exposition Publications 1939, p. 163.
  242. ^ a b "Dedicating the Aviation Building at the World's Fair; Aviation Building Formally Opened, But Public Will Not View the Exhibit Until Actual Planes Are There". The New York Times. May 21, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  243. ^ a b c "U.S. Railroads To Dramatize History at Fair: Eastern Conference Lines Sign Joint Contract". New York Herald Tribune. September 16, 1937. p. 20. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1248801580; "Rail Group Leases Biggest Fair Space; 34 Lines in Eastern Presidents' Conference Join in Largest Single Exhibit for 1939". The New York Times. September 16, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  244. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 163–165.
  245. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, p. 165.
  246. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, p. 166.
  247. ^ a b c Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 167–168.
  248. ^ a b Herman, Arthur. Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, pp. 58–65, 338, 343, Random House, New York, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4.
  249. ^ a b "Design for World's Fair Buses and Plan for General Motors Building". The New York Times. July 20, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  250. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 169–170.
  251. ^ a b "Auto Daredevils to Drive at Fair; To Perform for Spectators in Outdoor 'Proving Ground' of Goodrich Company". The New York Times. November 30, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  252. ^ a b "Big Marine Hail Will Be Erected At World's Fair". New York Herald Tribune. January 24, 1938. p. 12. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1250417303; "Vast Marine Hall Planned for Fair; Will Partly Enclose a Basin Upon Which Yachts and Other Smaller Craft Will Ply Ship Lines to Exhibit Basin-to Adjoin Parkway". The New York Times. January 24, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  253. ^ a b Monaghan 1939, p. 49.
  254. ^ a b c d e f g h Compere, Thomas (March 12, 1939). "Fair Will Pep Up Its Amusements With $1,000,000: Adopts More Liberal Policy Plans Foreign Villages; Gayety Will Be Keynote Where the World's Fair Amusement Area Is Being Rushed to Completion". New York Herald Tribune. p. 2. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1257476186.
  255. ^ "Acres, Acres of Men at Work". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. December 6, 1937. p. 13. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  256. ^ "World's Fair Amusement Zone To Be Laid Out in 13 Sections". New York Herald Tribune. December 6, 1937. p. 2. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1222355795; "New York of Old Will Rise at Fair; Village Depicting the Life of Century Ago Will Be Part of Amusement Area". The New York Times. December 6, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  257. ^ a b "New York World's Fair Votes To Undress Its Attractions: Nudity And Gayety To Be Stressed In Spending Of New $1,000,000 Appropriation". The Sun. March 12, 1939. p. 1. ProQuest 538442241.
  258. ^ "Fairs-Expositions: N. Y. World's Fair Amusement Zone's Roster Is Filling Steadily". The Billboard. Vol. 50, no. 37. September 10, 1938. p. 37. ProQuest 1032168647.
  259. ^ "New York World's Fair Drops Modesty For Allure of Umph: Sally Rand's West Coast Success Breaks Down Resistance to Displays of Pulchritude". Daily Boston Globe. April 10, 1939. p. 7. ProQuest 820748328.
  260. ^ "Play Area's Gala Opening Put Off For Two Weeks: Whalen Decides on Second Try After Tour Reveals It Still Far From Complete". New York Herald Tribune. May 1, 1939. p. 14. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247103281.
  261. ^ Schoenfeld, Joe (April 26, 1939). "Outdoors: Analysis of the Midway Slows That Phase of N. Y. Fair Furthest Behind". Variety. Vol. 134, no. 7. p. 47. ProQuest 1505713328.
  262. ^ "'Great White Way' New Fair Feature; Center of Fun in Amusement Zone to Be Brighter, More Colorful, Gibson Says". The New York Times. March 9, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
  263. ^ "Fair Amusement Zone Sold Out, 90 Concessions on Its New List: Director Reports All Space Taken; Area Will Offer 3 Major Shows, 18 Smaller Ones and 15 Rides Among Other Attractions". New York Herald Tribune. April 29, 1940. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1266874326; "Play Zone at Fair is '100% Sold Out'; Revitalized Great White Way Offers Livelier and Gayer Section Than Last Year". The New York Times. April 29, 1940. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  264. ^ a b c Exposition Publications 1939, p. 34.
  265. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 34–35.
  266. ^ a b c d e f g Exposition Publications 1939, p. 35.
  267. ^ a b "Work Is Begun On Biggest Cafe At World's Fair: Three Ring Inn Will Have $5,000 in Cash for Its Cornerstone Patrons Will Vote It to Charities". New York Herald Tribune. October 18, 1938. p. 19. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244592673.
  268. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 35–36.
  269. ^ Appel, L. F. "The Bendix Lama Temple". Chicago World's Fair: A Century of Progress Exhibition 1933–1934. cityclicker.net. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
  270. ^ Coyle, Michael B. (July 5, 2021). Dawn of a New Day. The Wild Rose Press Inc. ISBN 978-1-5092-3608-4.
  271. ^ West, Chris (October 28, 2014). A History of America in Thirty-Six Postage Stamps. Macmillan. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-250-04368-9.
  272. ^ "State to Erect Marine Theater For World Fair: $1,600,000 Structure Will House Exhibits Seal 16,500 for Stage Shows Plans Permanent Edifice Promenade to Afford View of lite Entire Exposition Where the Slate of New York Will House Its Exhibit at the 1939 World's Fair". New York Herald Tribune. June 21, 1937. p. 11. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1243551347; "State Will Build Fair Amphitheatre; Island Stage to Be Included in $1,600,000 Structure, a Permanent Plant". The New York Times. June 21, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  273. ^ a b c d Exposition Publications 1939, p. 36.
  274. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 36–37.
  275. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, p. 37.
  276. ^ a b c "N.Y. World's Fair: Features Aplenty For Fair's Children's World: Washington's Birthday, World's Fair Blended In Proposed Window Display". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 58, no. 34. February 17, 1939. p. 10. ProQuest 1862379173.
  277. ^ a b c "Contract Signed For 'Children's World' at Fair: 'Ideal Area' for Families Planned in $1,000,000 Project, With Exhibits, Study and Entertainment". New York Herald Tribune. July 24, 1938. p. 13. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 243012235; "Fair to Include 'Children's World'; $1,000,000 Amusement Center Will Be Constructed on Seven-Acre Site". The New York Times. July 24, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 30, 2024.
  278. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, p. 39.
  279. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 39–41.
  280. ^ a b c d Exposition Publications 1939, p. 40.
  281. ^ "World's Fair Is Host to Connecticut and Governor Baldwin: Fountain Lake To Have Stands For Fireworks 5,000 Seats To Be Installed; 'The Hot Mikado' Opens; Rodeo Reduces Its Prices". New York Herald Tribune. June 23, 1939. p. 11. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1266815634.
  282. ^ "Elephant in Snow Starts Fair 'Camp'; Breaks Ground at Frank Buck's Jungleland to House Group of Tropical Animals". The New York Times. December 22, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  283. ^ a b c Exposition Publications 1939, p. 42.
  284. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 55.
  285. ^ "Three Branches of Uncle Sam's Armed Forces Dispel an Old Hollywood Illusion". The New York Times. July 16, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  286. ^ "A Super-coaster Promised to Fair; Whalen Signs Contract for 'Thrillingest' Giant Ride' Absolutely Safe, Too!'". The New York Times. December 17, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  287. ^ "Holland Village Will Be Erected At World's Fair: Heineken's Signs Contract to Build Typical Zuider Zee Community; 6 Other Concessions Arranged". New York Herald Tribune. September 1, 1938. p. 36. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1254424919.
  288. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 42–43.
  289. ^ a b "Baby Incubator Is Opened With A Defy to Fair: Operator Says Even Mayor Can't Make Him Install a Dishwashing Machine". New York Herald Tribune. May 10, 1939. p. 16. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244665763.
  290. ^ a b c d e Exposition Publications 1939, p. 43.
  291. ^ a b Gray, Christopher (November 15, 1987). "Streetscapes: The Coney Island Parachute Jump; For the Boardwalk's 'Eiffel Tower,' Restoration or Regulating a Ruin?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  292. ^ a b "Argentina Quits Fair, 5 Nations Increase Space: Chile Also May Go; E. F. Roosevelt Lists Gains in Latin-American Section". New York Herald Tribune. February 16, 1940. p. 10. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242979591.
  293. ^ a b c d e f g Exposition Publications 1939, p. 44.
  294. ^ "Gest Signs Lilliputians; ' Little People' to Have Own Town at World Fair". The New York Times. June 10, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
  295. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 44–46.
  296. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, p. 46.
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  298. ^ "George Jessel To Run 2-Acre Village at Fair: Contracts to Build $500,000 Old New York,' Where Brodie's Leap Will Be Restaged 6 Times a Night 'Old New York To Be Revived for World's Fair". New York Herald Tribune. November 3, 1938. p. 15. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1313534961; "Flight' to Venus Planned for Fair; ' Rocket Trip' Through Space to Be Simulated at Concession in Amusement Compound". The New York Times. November 3, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  299. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 48–49.
  300. ^ "Palm Beach Club Opens At World's Fair In Amusement Area". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 59, no. 34. August 18, 1939. p. 27. ProQuest 1653843384.
  301. ^ a b c d e f Exposition Publications 1939, p. 49.
  302. ^ a b Schaffner, Ingrid (2002). Salvador Dalí's 'Dream of Venus': The Surrealist Funhouse from the 1939 World's Fair. Photography by Eric Schaal (1 ed.). New York: Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 978-1-56898-359-2.
  303. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 49–50.
  304. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, p. 50.
  305. ^ a b c d e Exposition Publications 1939, p. 51.
  306. ^ "Huge Ski Arena Will Be Erected At World's Fair: Quarter-Mile Winter Sports Area, for Summer Use, to Offer Lessons for Public Amusement Zone al the World's Fair to Undergo Many Improvements". New York Herald Tribune. February 19, 1940. p. 17A. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1242964865.
  307. ^ a b c Exposition Publications 1939, p. 52.
  308. ^ "Fair's Sun Valley to Mirror Idaho's; Winter Sports All Summer to Feature $500,000 Village in the Amusement Area". The New York Times. February 1, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 29, 2024.
  309. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 52–54.
  310. ^ Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 54–55.
  311. ^ a b Exposition Publications 1939, pp. 132–133.
  312. ^ "World Fair Group to Glorify Health; $1,000,000 Project Planned to Show Wonders of Body and Medicine's Aids". The New York Times. June 17, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  313. ^ "Physicians to Have World's Fair Club; Public Health Workers Also to Be Admitted to Quarters in Medical Building". The New York Times. December 3, 1938. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  314. ^ Monaghan 1939, pp. 196–197.
  315. ^ "Office Building Opens For World's Fair Today: 600 of Administration Staff Start Work There Monday World's Fair Administration Building Ready for Occupancy on Monday". New York Herald Tribune. August 13, 1937. p. 36. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247045732; "Structure at Fair Dedicated Today; Administration Building, First to Be Completed, to Be Scene of Noon Ceremony". The New York Times. August 13, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  316. ^ "World's Fair Spirit Shown in Sculpture: Symbolic Female Figure Placed on Administration Building to Welcome Visitors". The New York Times. August 11, 1937. p. 25. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 102351459.
  317. ^ "'Exhibits of Tomorrow' Open at World's Fair: Four Industrial Lay-Outs Will Serve as Exhibitors' Guides". New York Herald Tribune. October 6, 1937. p. 22. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1223331756; "4 New Models Set World's Fair Tone; Displays in Miniature Deal With Fashions, Chemistry, Color and -Clocks". The New York Times. October 6, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  318. ^ "Whalen Describes New Lighting Developed For World's Fair". Women's Wear Daily. Vol. 55, no. 88. November 3, 1937. pp. 23–24. ProQuest 1699951135.
  319. ^ "Women to Direct Fair Hospitality; Central Hall Near Entrance to Facilitate Meetings of 1939 Exposition Visitors". The New York Times. November 20, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  320. ^ "Temple of Peace Planned for Fair; Tentative Design for Veterans' Exhibit Is Submitted to Exposition Authorities". The New York Times. November 10, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  321. ^ "Fair Discloses Design For Fisheries Building: $250,000 Exhibit to Include Its Own Stadium Model of Inter national Fisheries Building Planned for 1939 World's Fair". New York Herald Tribune. November 23, 1937. p. 23A. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1240612604; "World Fair Plans Biggest Fish Show; Specimens From Seven Seas, Lakes and Streams Will Have Special Building". The New York Times. November 23, 1937. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  322. ^ "World's Fair' Freedom Pavilion' To Depict Pre-Nazi Germany: 70 Prominent Americans Plan $250,000 Exhibit to 'Show America' Without 'Denunciation'; Monsignor Lavelle Urges Caution". New York Herald Tribune. January 13, 1939. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1255014924; "'Freedom Pavilion' at Fair Planned To Celebrate the Pre-Nazi Culture; 'Germany Yesterday and Tomorrow' to Be Theme for Project--Drive for $250,000 Opens With Vote to Form Executive Board". The New York Times. January 13, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  323. ^ "Anti-Nazi Show At World's Fair Is Abandoned: Whalen Cites Lack of Time and Funds in Dropping 'Freedom Pavilion' Plan". New York Herald Tribune. February 2, 1939. p. 1. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1244702764; "'Pre-Nazi' Exhibit at Fair Abandoned; Plans for 'Freedom Pavilion' Are Dropped Because of Lack of Time". The New York Times. February 2, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  324. ^ "Syria Abandons Exhibit Plans; Spain Doubtful: Poland Program at Fair Unchanged; Display by Czechs Still Undecided". New York Herald Tribune. April 7, 1939. p. 10. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1247121272; "'British Dew' Ends Whalen's 'Romeo'; Fair's Merrie England Village Dedicated Without Aid of Black Tights and Jerkin". The New York Times. April 7, 1939. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  325. ^ Herzberg, Joseph G. (April 22, 1964). "Yesterday's World of Tomorrow; A Nostalgic Look at 1939 Extravaganza That Ended an Era; Gastronome Recalls the Lavish Feasts of Whalen's Day". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 30, 2024.

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