A digital asset is anything that exists only in digital form and comes with a distinct usage right or distinct permission for use. Data that do not possess those rights are not considered assets.
Digital assets include, but are not limited to: digital documents, audio content, motion pictures, and other relevant digital data currently in circulation or stored on digital appliances, such as personal computers, laptops, portable media players, tablets, data storage devices, and telecommunication devices. This encompasses any apparatus that currently exists or will exist as technology progresses to accommodate the conception of new modalities capable of carrying digital assets. This holds true regardless of the ownership of the physical device on which the digital asset is located.[1]
Types
editTypes of digital assets include, but are not limited to: software, photography, logos, illustrations, animations, audiovisual media, presentations, spreadsheets, digital paintings, word documents, electronic mails, websites, and various other digital formats with their respective metadata. The number of different types of digital assets is exponentially increasing due to the rising number of devices that leverage these assets, such as smartphones, serving as conduits for digital media. New digital assets, including certain types of cryptocurrency and non-fungible tokens, are created every day.[2]
In Intel's presentation at the 'Intel Developer Forum 2013,' they introduced several new types of digital assets related to medicine, education, voting, friendships, conversations, and reputation, among others.[3]
Digital asset management system
editA digital asset management (DAM) is an integrated structure that combines software, hardware, and/or other services to manage, store, ingest, organize, and retrieve digital assets. These systems enable users to find and use content when needed.[4]
Digital asset metadata
editMetadata is data about other data. Any structured information that defines a specification of any form of data is referred to as metadata.[5] Metadata is also a claimed relationship between two entities, often used to establish connections or associations.[6]
Librarian Lorcan Dempsey says "Think of metadata as data which removes from a user (human or machine) the need to have full advance knowledge of the existence or characteristics of things of potential interest in the environment".[7]
At first, the term metadata was used for digital data exclusively, but nowadays metadata can apply to both physical and digital data.
Catalogs, inventories, registers, and other similar standardized forms of organizing, managing, and retrieving resources contain metadata.
Metadata can be stored and contained directly within the file it refers to or independently from it with the help of other forms of data management such as a DAM system.
The more metadata is assigned to an asset the easier it gets to categorize it, especially as the amount of information grows. The asset's value rises the more metadata it has for it becomes more accessible, easier to manage, and more complex.[8]
Structured metadata can be shared with open protocols like OAI-PMH to allow further aggregation and processing. Open data sources like institutional repositories have thus been aggregated to form large datasets and academic search engines comprising tens of millions of open access works, like BASE, CORE, and Unpaywall.[9]
Issues
editDue to a lack of either legislation or legal precedent, there is limited existing governmental control and regulation surrounding digital assets in the United States and other large economies globally.
Many of the control issues relating to access and transferability are maintained by individual companies. Some consequences of this include 'What is to become of the assets once their owner is deceased?' as well as can, and, if so, how, may they be inherited.[10]
This subject was broached in a bogus story about Bruce Willis allegedly looking to sue Apple as the end user agreement prevented him from bequeathing his iTunes collection to his children.[11][12]
Another case of this was when a soldier died on duty and the family requested access to the Yahoo! account. When Yahoo! refused to grant access, the probate judge ordered them to give the emails to the family but Yahoo! still was not required to give access.[13]
The Music Modernization Bill was passed in September 2018 by the US Congress to create a new music licensing system, with the aim to help songwriters get paid more.[14]
Due to regulatory uncertainty, different countries have adopted various approaches to regulating cryptocurrencies, leading to a fragmented regulatory environment. While some countries, such as Switzerland and Singapore, have established clear regulatory frameworks to attract crypto businesses, others, like China and India, have imposed significant restrictions or outright bans on certain crypto activities.[15] This inconsistency creates confusion and uncertainty for market participants.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ The Elder Law Report, Vol. XXV, Number 1
- ^ Dowling, Michael (1 January 2022). "Is non-fungible token pricing driven by cryptocurrencies?". Finance Research Letters. 44: 102097. doi:10.1016/j.frl.2021.102097. ISSN 1544-6123.
- ^ "What is a digital asset?". Computerweekly.com. 2014. Archived from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ "Digital Asset Management". www.widen.com. Widen. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
- ^ Zhang, A. and Gourley, D. (2009). Creating digital collections. Oxford: Chandos Pub.
- ^ Rust, G. and Bide, M. (2003) The <indecs> metadata framework - principles, model and data dictionary.
- ^ Dempsey, Lorcan (20 August 2006). "Registries: the intelligence in the network". Lorcan Dempsey's Weblog. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ "Metadata for Digital Asset Management - docs.day.com". Adobe. 2014. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 26 October 2014.
- ^ Dhakal, Kerry (15 April 2019). "Unpaywall". Journal of the Medical Library Association. 107 (2): 286–288. doi:10.5195/jmla.2019.650. PMC 6466485.
- ^ Genders, Rod; Steen, Adam (2017). "Financial and estate planning in the age of digital assets: A challenge for advisers and administrators" (PDF). Financial Planning Research Journal. 3 (1): 6, 75. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ James, W. (2014). "Digital Assets; a legal minefield - Notes for STEP Verein & Basel Conference, in Zürich – 2nd October 2014". stoanalytics.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ Arthur, C. (2012). "No, Bruce Willis isn't suing Apple over iTunes". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ Cahn, Naomi R (2011). "Postmortem Life On-Line". GW Law Faculty Publications & Other Works. Archived from the original on 12 December 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
- ^ Steele, Anne (25 September 2018). "Congress Passes Bill Updating Music Copyright Protections for the Spotify Era". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ Feinstein, Brian D; Werbach, Kevin (31 May 2021). "The Impact of Cryptocurrency Regulation on Trading Markets". Journal of Financial Regulation. 7 (1): 48–99. doi:10.1093/jfr/fjab003. ISSN 2053-4833.