Delta Sigma (ΔΣ) was a small collegiate women's fraternity operating in New England from 1895 to 1908.[1]
| Delta Sigma | |
|---|---|
| ΔΣ | |
| Founded | May 1895 Tufts University |
| Type | Social |
| Affiliation | Independent |
| Status | Merged |
| Merge Date | April 13, 1908 |
| Successor | Alpha Omicron Pi |
| Emphasis | Literary |
| Scope | Regional |
| Colors | Pale green and White |
| Flower | Violet |
| Chapters | 3 |
| Members | 200 lifetime |
| Headquarters | United States |
History
editPredecessors
editDelta Sigma was formed from three local women's fraternities or sororities.[2]
The oldest was Alpha Delta Sigma. In May 1895, six female students at Tufts University drew up plans for a women's fraternity they named Alpha Delta Sigma.[3] Its founders were Mary G. Fickett, Georgia L. Hodgdon, Frances G. Gefford, Martha L. Root, Carrie L. Worthen, and Kate E. Cousens.[4] In October 1895, the fraternity's members drafted its constitution and bylaws. Its first initiations were held on November 14 and December 9, 1895.[3] The Alpha Delta Sigma badge was a "square pin of blue enamel displaying the letters".[4] Its colors were blue and gold.[4]
Female students at Brown University, approximately 45 miles from Tufts, created the women's fraternity Delta Sigma (local) in 1896.[5]
Phi Gamma was a women's society established at the University of Maine in February 1897 and was the first sorority on campus.[6][7] Its original members were Agnes Burnham, Autense Cousens, Susie Davis, Rena Dunn, Maude Farnham, Lottie Farrar, Grace Fernandez, Carrie Green, Emily Hamlin, Rena Morrisette. Mildred Powell, and Pearl Swain.[8] Phi Gamma's colors were yellow and white; its flower was the Jacqueminot rose.[6]
Delta Sigma
editOn November 2, 1901, Alpha Delta Sigma and Delta Sigma (local) merged into a regional literary fraternity called Delta Sigma.[9][1][5] Alpha Delta Sigma from Tufts became the Alpha chapter and Delta Sigma (local) became the Beta chapter.[5][9] The new fraternity used Alpha Delta Sigma for its establishment date and location.[10] Phi Gamma joined Delta Sigma as its Gamma chapter in 1903.[10][7]
On April 13, 1908,[11] Delta Sigma was absorbed by Alpha Omicron Pi.[7][2] Alpha Omicron Pi was a young organization but was quickly growing, having formed eight chapters in the preceding decade.[12] Alpha Omicron Pi was established at Barnard College in 1897, so the three incoming Delta Sigma chapters were all slightly older than the new sorority's chapters.[12] With this merger, Delta Sigma ceased to exist as a regional fraternity.[2] In its lifetime, it had around 200 members.[1]
The Tufts chapter became the Alpha Omicron Pi Delta chapter which was active until 2017.[12] The University of Maine chapter retained its Gamma name.and is still active as of 2023.[12] The Brown chapter also retained its name as the Beta chapter but withdrew from Alpha Omicron Pii within a year, again becoming a local fraternity.[2][12]
Secret Order of Delta Sigma
editThe restored Delta Sigma (local) at Brown University was called The Secret Order of Delta Sigma.[13] It used the original local fraternity's 1895 founding date and was incorporated in 1908.[13] It was active until 1911 when Brown banned Greek letter organizations.[2]
Symbols
editThe regional sorority Delta Sigma adopted the colors and symbols of its predecessor Delta Sigma (local). Its colors were Nile or pale green and white.[9][1] Its flower was the violet.[1] Its badge was "a square of black enamel with concave sides outlined in gold, and displaying the letters ΔΣ in gold; this square is encircled by a jeweled golden circle".[9]
Chapters
edit| Chapters | Charter date and range | Institution | Location | Status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha | May 1895–1908 | Tufts University | Medford, Massachusetts | Merged (ΑΟΠ) | [1][2][3][9][a] |
| Beta | 1896–1908 | Brown University | Providence, Rhode Island | Merged (ΑΟΠ) | [1][2][5][9][b] |
| Gamma | 1903–1908 | University of Maine | Orono, Maine | Merged (ΑΟΠ) | [2][9][1][c] |
Notes
edit- ^ This chapter started as Alpha Delta Sigma (local). It merged with Delta Sigma (local) as Delta Sigma on November 2, 1901. The entire sorority merged into ΑΟΠ in 1908 and this became its Delta chapter
- ^ This chapter started as Delta Sigma (local). It merged with Alpha Delta Sigma (local) to form the regional Delta Sigma on November 2, 1901. The entire sorority merged into ΑΟΠ in 1908 and this became its Beta chapter. That same year, the chapter incorporated as the Delta Sigma Secret Society, re-establishing itself as a local women's fraternity. It went dormant when Brown banned Greek letter organizations.
- ^ This chapter was formed as Phi Gamma (local), established in 1897. In 1908, it became the Gamma chapter of ΑΟΠ when the two fraternities merged.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h "Literary Societies - Class A" (PDF). The Scroll of Phi Delta Theta, V. 31. XXXL (5). June 1907.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lurding, Carroll and Becque, Fran. (May 2, 2023) "Delta Sigma". Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities. Urbana: University of Illinois. Accessed July 26, 2023.
- ^ a b c Start, Alaric Bertrand. History of Tufts College, 1854-1896. Tufts College Class of 1897, 1896. p. 231. via Tufts Digital Library, accessed July 26, 2023.
- ^ a b c Baird, Wm. Raimond (1898). American College Fraternities (5th ed.). New York: Wm. Raimond Baird. p. 293. hdl:2027/hvd.hn4g71 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ a b c d Mitchell, Martha (1993). "Sororities | Encyclopedia Brunoniana". Brown University. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ a b Baird, Wm. Raimond (1898). American College Fraternities (5th ed.). New York: Wm. Raimond Baird. p. 294 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ a b c Fernald, Merritt Caldwell. History of Maine State College and the University of Maine. Orono, Maine: University of Maine, 1916. p. 369. via Internet Archive.
- ^ Prism. Orono, Maine: University of Maine. 1898. p. 81.
- ^ a b c d e f g Baird, Wm. Raimond (1905). "Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities". HathiTrust (6th ed.). New York: The Alcolm Company. p. 314. hdl:2027/njp.32101067000206. Retrieved 2023-07-26 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ a b University of Maine Junior Class (1904). Prism. Augusta, Maine: Journal Press. pp. 133–134.
- ^ Alpha Omicron Pi Timeline
- ^ a b c d e Lurding, Carroll and Becque, Fran. (May 2, 2023) "Alpha Omicron Pi". Almanac of Fraternities and Sororities. Urbana: University of Illinois. Accessed July 26, 2023.
- ^ a b Dobler, L.T., ed. (1910). Brun-Mael (2nd ed.). Providence, Rhode Island: Pembroke College (Women's College) of Brown University. p. 90.