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A Deli (from Turkish deli, meaning "mad, wild, daring")[1] was a member of a light cavalry unit within the Ottoman Empire. Their main role was to act as front-line shock troops, also acting as personal guards for high-level Ottoman officials in the Rumeli during peacetime.
| Deli | |
|---|---|
 A Deli (left) in a battle with a Hungarian soldier | |
| Active | Mid. 15th century - 1829 |
| Allegiance |  Ottoman Empire |
| Type | Light cavalry |
| Role | Shock troops |
| Garrison/HQ | Rumeli Anatolia |
History
editThe first Delis were created by the Bosnian and Semendire governors. Gazi Husrev-beg was the leader most associated with these troops, who employed about 10,000 of them. Due to the efficiency of Husrev-beg, other district (ie frontier and inland) governors of Rumelia began to imitate him. The majority are Turks and they were chosen from among the peoples living in Rumelia.[2]
The unit was first established in Rumelia Eyalet around the middle of the 15th century to create a force to protect the borders of the empire in the Balkans and came to full power around the 16th century.
The unit is usually confused in historical records with the Akinji, both being light cavalry units and being part of Eyalet soldiers, although they were not related.
Sultan Mahmud II abolished the unit in 1829, along with the disbandment of the Janissaries, in attempts to reform the army and establish one in the Western model.
In popular culture
editIn the Turkish movie, Deliler Fatih'in Fermanı: directed by Osman Kaya, a small group of Delis is sent to Wallachia in order to kill the Romanian Prince Vlad the Impaler.[3][4]
Gallery
edit-
Delis (1590) -
Deli horseman from a 1576 Italian edition of Nicolas de Nicolay's Travels in Turkey -
Deli horsemen with pelt -
Surname-i Hümayun (1582-1587) -
Deli Stefano Della -
Ottoman Military Illustrations from Hans Weigel's Habitus Praecipuorum Populorum (Trachtenbuch), 1577 -
Deli in parade uniform, paint from 1688 Melchior Lorichs 1583 -
Delis -
Deli signature from Sultan Suleyman I's campaign diary
References
edit- ^ "deli". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ "DELİ". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-11-03.
- ^ "Deliler – Fatih'in Fermanı". www.tsa.org.tr. Retrieved 2020-06-11.
- ^ Deliler, IMDb, retrieved 2020-06-11
Sources
edit- Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor, ed. (1987). "Deli". First Encyclopedia of Islam. E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume II: Bābā Fighānī–Dwīn. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.
- Erickson, Edward J.; Uyar, Mesut (2009). Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0313056031.
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