"Countdown" is a hardbop[1][2][3][4] jazz standard composed by American jazz saxophonist John Coltrane that was first featured on his fifth studio album, Giant Steps, in 1960. The song is a contrafact of Miles Davis's "Tune Up", which is reharmonized to the Coltrane changes.[3][5] The original recording has been described as having "resolute intensity . . . [that] does more to modernize jazz in 141 seconds than many artists do in their entire careers".[6]
| "Countdown" | |
|---|---|
| Composition by John Coltrane | |
| from the album Giant Steps | |
| Released | 1960 |
| Recorded | May 4, 1959 |
| Studio | Atlantic Studios, New York |
| Genre | Jazz, hard bop |
| Length | 2:25 |
| Label | Atlantic Records |
| Composer(s) | John Coltrane |
| Producer(s) | Nesuhi Ertegün |
Composition edit
| E-7 F7 | B♭Δ7 D♭7 | G♭Δ7 A7 | DΔ7 |
| D-7 E♭7 | A♭Δ7 B7 | EΔ7 G7 | CΔ7 |
| C-7 D♭7 | G♭Δ7 A7 | DΔ7 F7 | B♭Δ7 |
| E-7 | F7 | B♭Δ7 | A7[note 1] |
| E-7 F7 | B♭Δ7 D♭7 | G♭Δ7 F7 | B♭Δ7 A7 |
| DΔ7 B♭Δ7 | G♭Δ7 DΔ7 | B♭Δ7 G♭Δ7 | D♭Δ7 |
The song is a 16-bar form. Each four bars incorporates the same tonal centers of "Tune Up", which are D major, C major, and B♭ major.
Each tonal center begins with the ii chord but then cycles through two different keys before arriving at the I chord. The ii chord is followed by a dominant 7 chord that is a half step above—using the first four bars as an example, this would be Em7 and F7. This dominant 7 chord resolves in a V-I manner—F7 to B♭Δ7. The next key center is cycled to by playing the dominant 7th chord a minor third up from the last key center—D♭7 to G♭Δ7 to A7 to DΔ7. The next four bars, and new key, starts by making the I chord the ii of the next key.[7]
Notable recordings edit
- John Coltrane in Giant Steps (1960)
- Benny Green Quintet in Prelude (1989)
- Billy Harper in Live on Tour in the Far East (1991)
- Brad Mehldau in Introducing Brad Mehldau (1995)
- Allan Holdsworth in None Too Soon (1996)
- Kenny Garrett in Pursuance: The Music of John Coltrane (1996)
- Steve Kuhn in Countdown (1998)
- Brad Mehldau Trio in Brad Mehldau Trio Live (2008)
- Victor Bailey in Slippin' N' Trippin' (2009)
- Joey Alexander in Countdown (2016)
- Simon Moullier Trio in Countdown (2020)
- Michael Sagmeister in Story Board (2021)
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ Some charts also have the final chord as an E♭7(♯11).
References edit
- ^ "Jazz Standard Repertoire - Countdown". standardrepertoire.com. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ "John Coltrane "Countdown" — The Jazzomat Research Project". jazzomat.hfm-weimar.de. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ a b Coltrane, John (1980). The jazz style of John Coltrane : a musical and historical perspective. Studio 224. OCLC 1043347491.
- ^ altrockchick (2014-01-08). "John Coltrane – Giant Steps – Classic Music Review". altrockchick. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ Nicholson, Stuart (2021-10-11). "How John Coltrane made Giant Steps". Jazzwise. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ Planer, Lindsay. "Giant Steps Review". AllMusic. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ "Countdown". Learn Jazz Standards. 2014-04-23. Retrieved 2022-05-30.