A construction battalion is a kind of military battalion that is formally designated to engage in construction, and particularly in the building of structures for military use. Examples of construction battalions include:
- Naval mobile construction battalion, US Navy
- Amphibious Construction Battalion, US Navy
- 371st Engineer Construction Battalion, US Army
- No. 2 Construction Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force
- Construction battalion (Soviet Union)
- Bau-Bataillon (Nazi Germany)