Constitutional Court of Lithuania
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania (in Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinis Teismas) is the constitutional court of the Republic of Lithuania, established by the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of 1992. It began the activities after the adoption of the Law of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania on 3 February 1993. Since its inception, the court has been located in Vilnius.
| Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania | |
|---|---|
| Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinis Teismas | |
 | |
 | |
| 54°41′17″N 25°16′23″E / 54.688°N 25.273°E | |
| Established | 1992 |
| Jurisdiction | Republic of Lithuania |
| Location | Gediminas Avenue, Vilnius, Lithuania |
| Coordinates | 54°41′17″N 25°16′23″E / 54.688°N 25.273°E |
| Composition method | Renewed by a third every three years, each judge nominated by the President, Speaker of Seimas and the Head of the Supreme Court and appointed by Seimas[1] |
| Authorised by | Constitution of Lithuania |
| Judge term length | 9 years (only one term allowed)[1] |
| Number of positions | 9 |
| Website | lrkt.lt |
| President | |
| Currently | Gintaras Goda |
| Since | 18 June 2021 |
The main task of the court is judicial review. It may therefore declare the acts of the Seimas unconstitutional and thus render them ineffective. As such, it is comparable to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany or, in a limited scope, to the Supreme Court of the United States. However, it differs from it and other supreme courts in that it is not part of the regular judicial system, but more a unique judicial branch. Most importantly, it does not serve as a regular court of appeals from lower courts or as a sort of "superappellate court" on any violation of national laws.
Its jurisdiction is focused on constitutional issues, the integrity of the Constitution. Moreover, it adjudicates on the conformance of the acts of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania to the laws, compliance with the Constitution of international agreements, as well as their ratification, and takes a final decision on voting infringements.
Activities
edit
The Court has played a substantial role in the development of the Lithuanian legal system, declaring a number of national laws unconstitutional. On 31 March 2004, it issued a ruling acknowledging the breach of the oath of office by the President Rolandas Paksas. He was removed from office by Seimas following the impeachment on 6 April 2004; this has been the first successful case of impeachment of the head of state in the history of Europe.[2] The ruling interpreted the Constitution as precluding a person, who was pleaded guilty for the breach of oath, from assuming any future position in public service, which requires taking an oath.
On 9 December 1998, the Constitutional Court declared that article 105 of the criminal code of the Republic of Lithuania, which established the death penalty, violated several articles of the Constitution.[3] This ruling was a big step in humanizing the punishment system.[4]
Composition
editThe Court comprises nine justices, appointed by the Seimas, for a nine-year non-renewable term of office. Only Lithuanian citizens of an impeccable reputation, who are trained in law, and who have served for at least 10 years in the legal profession, or in an area of legal education are eligible for appointment. Usually, notable legal scholars and highly experienced judges qualify for the position. The court is renewed by a third every three years. The candidates are nominated by the Chairman of the Seimas, the President of Lithuania and the President of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Lithuania, the Seimas then decides on appointing them. The Seimas appoints the President of the Court from among the justices upon the nomination by the President of the state.
Members
editCurrent members
editHistorical composition
edit1993–1996
1996–1999
1999–2002
2002–2005
2005-2008
2008-2011
2011-2014
2014-2017
2017-2020
2020-2023
2023-2026
References
edit- ^ a b "Appointment and status of Justices". Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania. Archived from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ Lithuania: Paksas Becomes First European President To Be Removed From Office Accessed January 8, 2007
- ^ Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo nutarimas dėl Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo kodekso 105 straipsnio sankcijoje numatytos mirties bausmės atitikimo Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijai Archived 10 August 2022 at the Wayback Machine (Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania on the constitutionality of the death penalty provided in the sanction of article 105 of the criminal code of the Republic of Lithuania)
- ^ Constitutional Court (13 January 2020) 25 Konstitucinio Teismo bylos, pakeitusios Lietuvą (25 cases of the Constitutional Court that changed Lithuania), p. 11
