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Dáil Éireann confidence motions

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If a motion of no confidence in the Taoiseach or Government of Ireland is passed by Dáil Éireann, or a motion of confidence is defeated, then the Constitution requires both the Taoiseach and the Government to resign.[1] After this, either a replacement Taoiseach is elected by the Dáil, or the Dáil is dissolved and a general election is held. Motions have twice brought down the government, in each case resulting in an election: in November 1982 and again in November 1992.[2]

Confidence and supply edit

See also: Confidence and supply

In the Westminster model of parliamentary democracy, the minimum support necessary for a cabinet government to continue in office is confidence and supply from the legislative chamber or house to which the government is responsible. In Ireland's bicameral Oireachtas, the government is responsible to the Dáil (lower house). As well as the November 1982 and November 1992 instances of loss of confidence, there has been one occasion when the Irish government fell due to loss of supply in the Dáil. That was in January 1982, when Jim Kemmy withdrew support for the minority Fine Gael–Labour government by opposing a budget resolution (apocryphally because it would introduce VAT on children's shoes).[3][4][d 1][v 1] In 1949, the Inter-Party government immediately sought leave to reintroduce[d 2] a budget estimate "referred back for reconsideration" by 62–59 vote of the Dáil;[d 3] the estimate duly passed 73–59 the next week.[d 4][5] The Fianna Fáil opposition argued unsuccessfully that the first vote should have been taken as loss of confidence and supply, triggering the government's resignation.[d 2][5]

Loss of supply is when the opposition defeats a government spending proposal; the converse, when the government fails to defeat an opposition spending proposal, is merely symbolic, as both the 1922 and 1937 constitutions prohibit Oireachtas spending without government approval.[6] On 27 March 1930, due to the temporary absence of several Cumann na nGaedheal TDs, a Fianna Fáil opposition private member's money bill passed second reading;[d 5][v 2] W. T. Cosgrave observed the formality of resigning as President of the Executive Council.[d 6] He and the Executive Council were immediately re-elected by the Dáil.[d 7]

There have been occasions when Seanad Éireann (the upper house) voted on a confidence motion;[7][8] even if the government had lost the motion, it would not have fallen. Similarly, Dáil motions of no confidence in a minister other than the Taoiseach would not formally necessitate a dissolution,[9] although they may be treated politically as confidence in the whole government, on the basis of cabinet collective responsibility.[d 8][10][11] The Social Democrats suggested their (unsuccessful) 2019 motion against Eoghan Murphy did not entail an election.[12] In October 1976, Fianna Fáil proposed a motion calling on the Taoiseach to request the Minister for Defence, Paddy Donegan, to resign, which was similar in effect if not in form to a confidence motion.[d 9] It was defeated by 63 votes to 58, and took place a week before a motion of confidence in the government in the circumstances of the same controversy.[v 3]

In the revolutionary Dáil of the self-proclaimed Irish Republic, the Dáil vote on 7 January 1922 to approve the Anglo-Irish Treaty was a defeat in the position advocated by Éamon de Valera, who took it as loss of confidence and resigned as President of Dáil Éireann. De Valera was proposed again for the position of president, but was defeated; the Dáil was not dissolved and the pro-Treaty majority voted Arthur Griffith as the new president.[d 10]

In December 1982, Fianna Fáil turned an adjournment debate into an ersatz motion of confidence in the Fine Gael–Labour coalition.[13] First Séamus Brennan tabled an amendment to the adjournment motion, "and requests the Taoiseach in the meantime to advise the President to dissolve the Dáil";[d 11] then in the ensuing debate other Fianna Fáil TDs mentioned the budget, so that losing the debate would imply loss of supply.[13][d 11] The amendment was defeated 82–81.[d 11][14]

Ensuing dissolutions edit

Whereas in some jurisdictions the convention is for a prime minister who has lost confidence or supply to call an election, in Ireland he may be unable to do so, because the post-1937 Constitution gives the President absolute discretion to refuse to dissolve the Dáil when requested by a Taoiseach who has lost confidence.[15][16] As of 2021 no President has made such a refusal. The intention is to allow the Dáil to choose an alternative Taoiseach and government from among the existing Oireachtas members without the trouble of an election. During the 1937 debate on the draft Constitution, Patrick McGilligan suggested making it compulsory rather than discretionary for the President to refuse a dissolution to a Taoiseach who had lost confidence; Éamon de Valera, the Constitution's prime instigator, rejected this, explaining his rationale:[d 12]

I take it that, if the Government has failed to secure support and faces the Dáil again, a new Government would be elected. For instance, if there was a measure which was regarded by the Government as one of primary importance, one which they felt it was essential they should get if they were to continue in office, there might be the question of getting a vote of confidence. If they felt that in those circumstances they could not, in fact, get a vote of confidence in the Dáil, then the Prime Minister would go to the President and say: "Our Government has been defeated on a measure of primary importance, and if I go for a vote of confidence on this question I do not think that I can get it, but the matter on which I have been defeated is of such a character that I am satisfied that if the people, the ultimate court for deciding these matters, got the opportunity they would decide in my favour." Under these circumstances the President has the right to say to him: "Well, you were defeated, and I am not going to give you dissolution." What, then, would be the position of the Taoiseach? He would go back to the Dáil and resign because obviously he could not carry on if he has to face a Dáil in which he is in a minority. It is stated here definitely that he has to resign if he fails to command support in Dáil Eireann. Therefore, the position for him was that he had to resign. Dáil Eireann would proceed to elect another Taoiseach and there would be a new Government formed. That is the position on that hypothesis. On the other hand, if he goes to the President, and the President agrees with him that the situation is one in which the people ought to be given an opportunity to decide the question, he can say: "Very well, you prepare the proclamation and I will sign it, and we will dissolve Parliament. Then there is an election on that issue, and the electors will settle whether the Taoiseach, when he comes back, has a majority to carry on, or whether he is in a minority. What that simply means is that we are making provision in the Constitution for the possibility of referring a question of primary importance, on which the Government has been defeated, to the people for a decision.

On two occasions the president's power to refuse a dissolution was politically significant. In January 1982, President Patrick Hillery acceded to Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald's request for a dissolution, resulting in a general election. Brian Lenihan Snr unsuccessfully tried to persuade the President to refuse a dissolution and allow Fianna Fáil to try to form a new government; an action which caused controversy when he ran in the 1990 presidential election.[17] In 1994, when Labour left the coalition it had formed with Fianna Fáil in 1992, there was neither a confidence motion nor a request for a dissolution. Instead, negotiations led to a new coalition of Fine Gael, Labour, and Democratic Left. Fianna Fáil Taoiseach Albert Reynolds did not attempt to forestall this by requesting a dissolution, because he believed President Mary Robinson would have refused.[18][19]

Whereas losing a formal confidence motion is legal proof that "a Taoiseach … has ceased to retain the support of a majority in Dáil Éireann", jurists express uncertainty over how other scenarios might fulfil this Constitutional proviso.[20] Robinson sought legal advice after the 1994 Labour walkout, but since Reynolds did not seek a dissolution, her power to refuse him was not tested.[20][19][18] On several occasions a Taoiseach leading a minority government has obtained a dissolution where diminished support meant they would be vulnerable to losing a motion of confidence: in September 1927,[a] 1938, 1944, 1951, 1957, 1987, and 2020.[18][21] The 1922 Constitution of the Irish Free State required an Executive Council which had lost the Dáil's confidence to have its approval for a dissolution;[16][22] W. T. Cosgrave circumvented this in September 1927 by calling an election while the Dáil was adjourned.[16]

Procedure for motions edit

The standing orders of the Dáil have no special provisions for confidence motions, which are treated like any other motion.[21] However, the prohibition on repeating motions previously moved in a session does not apply to confidence motions.[23] Most motions of no confidence in Ireland have been tabled by an opposition party when the government's majority is secure but it is dealing with scandals, embarrassments, or poor election results. The opposition has no prospect of winning the vote, but can inflict symbolic damage in the debate.[24][25] The practice in such cases is for the government to replace the opposition motion of no confidence with its own motion of confidence; either by an amendment to the original motion replacing its entire wording, or by using its control of the legislative agenda to pre-empt the usual order of business with a new motion.[26][27][23] The time allocated for government speakers is higher on its own motion than it would have been on an opposition motion.[28]

List of motions edit

Date Govt
No.		 Govt
parties		 Proposer Govt majority (votes)[b] Motion Context
16 August 1927[d 13] 3rd EC Cumann na nGaedheal Labour Thomas Johnston 0 (71–71)[c][v 4] That the Executive Council has ceased to retain the support of the majority in Dáil Eireann Fianna Fáil had just ended its abstentionism, so that the Cumann na nGaedheal government no longer had a Dáil working majority.[16][30] Fianna Fáil had agreed to support a minority government of Labour and the National League Party.[16][30] However, two National League TDs failed to support the motion: Vincent Rice defected to Cumann na nGaedheal, and John Jinks was mysteriously absent.[16][30][31] W. T. Cosgrave secured a Dáil adjournment, then dissolved the Dáil before it had a chance to table another confidence motion.[16] Cumann na nGaedheal returned stronger after the ensuing election and formed the next ministry.[16]
30 June–2 July 1953[d 14] 6th Fianna Fáil Taoiseach Éamon de Valera 2 (73–71)[v 5] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Government had just lost two by-elections[d 14]
29–30 October 1958[d 15] 8th Fianna Fáil Labour William Norton 17 (54–71)[v 6] That, in view of the continued high level of unemployment and emigration and the failure of the Government to fulfil the promises made at the last general election that they would deal effectively with these problems, the Dáil has no confidence in the Government. Economy: unemployment and emigration
30 October 1963[d 16] 10th Fianna Fáil Taoiseach Seán Lemass 4 (73–69)[v 7] That the Dáil, regarding as irresponsible and mischievous the action of certain political parties in continuing to oppose the tax arrangements made in the Finance Act, 1963, without proposing alternative taxation to provide for the maintenance of the public services; for their extension in the spheres of education, health, housing, and social welfare; and for the fulfilment of the Government's Programme for the nation's agricultural and industrial development and social progress, confirms its support for the Government and urges them to proceed with the vigorous implementation of their Programme. Introduction of turnover tax in the 1963 budget. Government motion amended a motion from the Labour Party moved by Brendan Corish:
That in view of the widespread public opposition to the turnover tax, the Dáil is of opinion that the Government have lost the confidence of the people, and, therefore, considers that they should resign forthwith.
8 July 1966[d 17] 11th Fianna Fáil Labour Brendan Corish 16 (50–66)[v 8] That Dáil Éireann bearing in mind the present economic situation, the lack of progress in creating new employment and in reducing unemployment and emigration, together with the crisis in the provision of finance for housing, has no confidence in the present Government. There was no debate on the motion itself; the adjournment debate for the summer recess was held immediately beforehand and served in effect as the debate on the Labour and Fine Gael confidence motions.
8 July 1966[d 17] 11th Fianna Fáil Fine Gael Liam Cosgrave 12 (54–66)[v 9] That Dáil Éireann has no confidence in the present Government. Motion put to a vote immediately after the preceding Labour motion.
5–7 November 1968[d 18] 12th Fianna Fáil Taoiseach Jack Lynch 8 (68–60)[v 10] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government and approves the Government's financial proposals Rejection at referendum of the government's proposals to change the electoral system and favour rural constituencies.
13–14 May 1970[d 19] 13th Fianna Fáil Taoiseach Jack Lynch 8 (72–64)[v 11] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Arms Crisis
29 October–4 November 1970[d 20] 13th Fianna Fáil Taoiseach Jack Lynch 7 (74–67)[v 12] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in An Taoiseach and the other Members of the Government Arms Trial. Jack Lynch said "it was my prerogative as Leader of the Government Party to put down a positive motion in the face of motions of no confidence tabled by the Opposition".
23–29 October 1974[d 21] 14th Fine Gael–Labour Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave 5 (70–65)[v 13] That Dáil Éireann affirms its confidence in the Government. First oil shock recession. Jack Lynch said, "The purpose of this debate, as initiated by our motion of no confidence in the Government, was to highlight the rapid deterioration in the economy and in the Government's total and abject failure to come to grips with the situation".
28 October 1976[d 22] 14th Fine Gael–Labour Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave 6 (73–67)[v 14] That Dáil Éireann affirms its confidence in the Government Resignation of Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh precipitated by criticism from minister Paddy Donegan.
29–30 May 1979[d 23] 15th Fianna Fáil Minister for Fisheries and Forestry Brian Lenihan Snr 21 (67–46)[v 15] That Dáil Éireann expresses its satisfaction at the Government's management of the economy Second oil shock recession. Government amendment to the motion passed without division. Original motion by Labour Frank Cluskey:
That Dáil Éireann gravely concerned about the serious economic mismanagement of the country by the Government declares that this House and the people of Ireland have no confidence in the Government
1 July 1982[d 24] 18th Fianna Fáil Taoiseach Charles Haughey 7 (84–77)[v 16] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Haughey had survived attempts to remove him as party leader, and opposed an EEC boycott of Argentina during the Falklands War.[32] The government's deficit was criticised by the European Commission.
3–4 November 1982[d 25][d 26] 18th Fianna Fáil Taoiseach Charles Haughey −2 (80–82)[d 26] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Haughey had survived further attempts to remove him as party leader.[d 25] After GUBU and other scandals, the Workers' Party withdrew its support. Defeat led to the November 1982 Irish general election.
20–21 February 1986[d 27][d 28][d 29] 19th Fine Gael–Labour Tánaiste Dick Spring 5 (82–77)[d 29] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Taoiseach and the Government A botched reshuffle of government and junior ministers.[d 27][33]
22–23 October 1986[d 30][d 31][d 32] 19th Fine Gael–Labour Taoiseach Garret FitzGerald 2 (83–81)[d 32] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Taoiseach and the Government Economy: unemployment, taxation, and emigration.[d 30]
31 October 1990[d 33][d 34] 21st Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats Taoiseach Charles Haughey 3 (83–80)[d 34] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Dismissal of Brian Lenihan Snr during the 1990 presidential election.[d 33]
16–18 October 1991[d 35][d 36][d 37] 21st Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats Taoiseach Charles Haughey 3 (84–81)[d 37] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Alleged "Golden Circle" of businessmen favoured by Fianna Fáil.[d 35]
5 November 1992[d 38][d 39] 22nd Fianna Fáil Taoiseach Albert Reynolds −11 (77–88)[d 39] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Taoiseach and the Government The PDs had just left the coalition, after Reynolds had accused leader Dessie O'Malley of being "reckless, irresponsible and dishonest" in his evidence to the Beef Tribunal.[d 38][34] Defeat led to the 1992 Irish general election.
28 October 1993[d 40][d 41] 23rd Fianna Fáil–Labour Taoiseach Albert Reynolds 39 (94–55)[d 41] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Amount of European Structural Funds allocated to Ireland was £7.2bn, as opposed to the £8.2bn announced previously.[d 40]
16–17 November 1994[d 42][d 43] 23rd Fianna Fáil–Labour Taoiseach Albert Reynolds Withdrawn when the government collapsed[d 43] During a controversy over the Attorney General's office delay extraditing paedophile priest Brendan Smyth, Reynolds appointed Attorney General Harry Whelehan to the High Court. After the confidence motion was tabled, Labour left the coalition and Reynolds resigned as Taoiseach the following day.[35]
12–13 November 1996[d 44][d 45][d 46] 24th Fine Gael–Labour–Democratic Left Taoiseach John Bruton 9 (79–70)[d 46] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Judge Dominic Lynch not informed of his de-listing and continued to hear cases.[d 44][36]
30 June 2000[d 47] 25th Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats Taoiseach Bertie Ahern 9 (79–70)[d 47] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Bertie Ahern's evidence to the Moriarty Tribunal about his handling of Fianna Fáil finances.[d 47][37] Original no-confidence motion proposed by Labour.[37]
26 September 2007[d 48] 27th Fianna Fáil–Greens–Progressive Democrats Taoiseach Bertie Ahern 5 (81–76)[d 48] That Dáil Éireann affirms confidence in the Taoiseach and the Government Bertie Ahern's testimony to the Mahon Tribunal ("Tribunal of Inquiry into Certain Planning Matters and Payments").[d 48] Replaced Fine Gael motion:[38]
That Dáil Éireann has no confidence in An Taoiseach Bertie Ahern.
9–10 June 2009[d 49][d 50] 28th Fianna Fáil–Greens–Independent[d] Taoiseach Brian Cowen 6 (85–79)[d 50] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government Poor result for government parties in the previous week's local and European elections.[d 49] The original motion proposed was:[39]
That Dáil Éireann has no confidence in the Government
15 June 2010[d 51] 28th Fianna Fáil–Greens–Independent Taoiseach Brian Cowen 5 (82–77)[d 51] That Dáil Éireann has confidence in the Taoiseach and the Government Publication of official reports on the 2008 Irish banking crisis, which were critical of government decisions.[d 51][40] The original Fine Gael motion was:[41]
That Dáil Éireann has no confidence in An Taoiseach, Deputy Brian Cowen
11–12 December 2012[d 52] 29th Fine Gael–Labour Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform Brendan Howlin 37 (88–51)[d 53] That Dáil Éireann has confidence in the Government as it deals with the current economic crisis in as fair a manner as possible, while prioritising economic recovery and job creation Handling of the post-2008 Irish economic downturn. The original no-confidence motion, proposed by Sinn Féin was amended into a confidence-motion by the government.[d 54][42]
9 December 2014[d 55] 29th Fine Gael–Labour Taoiseach Enda Kenny 31 (86–55)[d 56] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms i[t]s confidence in the Taoiseach and in the Government. Irish Water metering and charges.[43] The original Sinn Féin no-confidence motion was scheduled for the following day, the same time as a Sinn-Féin-backed anti-water-charges protest rally outside Leinster House.[43][44][d 57]
22 September 2015[45] 29th Fine Gael–Labour Taoiseach Enda Kenny[d 58] 42 (94–52)[d 59] That Dáil Éireann welcomes the publication of the Interim Report of the Fennelly Commission and notes its conclusions and reaffirms its confidence in the Taoiseach, in the Attorney General and in the Government.[d 58] Fennelly Commission's interim report on the resignation of Martin Callinan.[45] The government motion replaced two opposition motions, from Fianna Fáil and Sinn Féin.[45][46]
15 February 2017[d 60] 30th Fine Gael–Independents Taoiseach Enda Kenny 5 (57–52–44)[47] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government[d 60] Handling of the Garda whistleblower scandal. The government motion replaced one from Sinn Féin.[48]
12 July 2022[d 61] 31st Fine Gael–Fianna Fáil–Greens Government party leaders: Taoiseach Micheál Martin, Tánaiste Leo Varadkar, minister Eamon Ryan[49] 19 (85–66–1)[v 17][50] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government.[49] The government had lost its majority after several backbenchers lost the whip for various protest votes against government policies.[51] The government motion replaces one from Sinn Féin.[52]
29 March 2023 32nd Fine Gael–Fianna Fáil–Greens Government party leaders: Taoiseach Leo Varadkar, Tánaiste Micheál Martin, minister Eamon Ryan 19 (86–67–0)[v 18] That Dáil Éireann reaffirms its confidence in the Government.[v 18][53] The government declined to extend an "eviction ban" (moratorium on termination of leases on private rented accommodation)[54][55] which the opposition alleged would exasperate an ongoing housing shortage.[55][53] The government motion replaced one from the Labour Party.[53][56][57]

Footnotes edit

  1. ^ The head of government in 1927 was styled President of the Executive Council rather than Taoiseach. The Dáil adjourned in August but was not dissolved until September.[16]
  2. ^ The first number is votes for the government or Taoiseach, i.e. votes in favour of a motion of confidence or against a motion of no confidence. The second number is votes against the government or Taoiseach. From 2016, a third number gives recorded abstentions (as distinct from those absent or not voting).[29]
  3. ^ Defeated on the casting vote of Ceann Comhairle Michael Hayes.
  4. ^ Mary Harney remained a cabinet minister after the dissolution of the Progressive Democrats.

Sources edit

  • MacCarthaigh, Muiris (1 January 2005). "How parliamentary accountability functions in Dáil Éireann". Accountability in Irish Parliamentary Politics. Institute of Public Administration. ISBN 9781904541318. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  • Mitchell, Paul (19 January 2006). "Ireland: 'O What a Tangled Web …'—Delegation, Accountability, and Executive Power". In Strøm, Kaare; Müller, Wolfgang C.; Bergman, Torbjörn (eds.). Delegation and Accountability in Parliamentary Democracies. Oxford University Press. pp. 418–444. doi:10.1093/019829784X.003.0013. ISBN 9780199291601. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  • Constitution of Ireland
  • Dáil debates 1919–present

References edit

Dáil debates
  1. ^ "Financial Resolutions, 1982 - Financial Statement, Budget, 1982 – Dáil Éireann (22nd Dáil) – 27 January 1982". Oireachtas. p. 23, cc.329–330. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2020.; "FORÓGRA PROCLAMATION – Dáil Éireann (23rd Dáil)". Oireachtas. 9 March 1982. p. 2, cc.3–4. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Vote 61 (Posts and Telegraphs) — Motion to Reintroduce". Dáil Éireann (13th Dáil) debates. Oireachtas. 8 July 1949. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  3. ^ "Committee on Finance. — Vote 61—Posts and Telegraphs". Dáil Éireann (13th Dáil) debates. Oireachtas. 7 July 1949. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  4. ^ "Committee on Finance. — Vote 61—Posts and Telegraphs". Dáil Éireann (13th Dáil) debates. Oireachtas. 12 July 1949. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  5. ^ "Old Age Pensions Bill 1929—Second Stage (Resumed)". Dáil Éireann debates. 27 March 1930. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  6. ^ "Resignation of the President". Dáil Éireann debates. 28 March 1930. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  7. ^ "Nomination of President of the Executive Council". Dáil Éireann debates. 2 April 1930. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  8. ^ Cosgrave, Liam (9 November 1971). "Private Members' Business. — Conduct of Member of Government: Motion". Dáil Éireann (19th Dáil) debate. Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021. It has been suggested that this motion is one of confidence and that the risk inherent in an election might bring or would bring dangers to this country.
  9. ^ "Call for Resignation of Minister: Motion – (20th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 21 October 1976. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  10. ^ "Resignation of President de Valera". Dáil Éireann Debates. Oireachtas. 9 January 1922. pp. Vol.T No.16 p.3 cc349–380. Archived from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2021.; "Election of President". Dáil Éireann Debates. Oireachtas. 10 January 1922. Vol.T No.17 p.3 cc392–411. Archived from the original on 31 August 2019. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  11. ^ a b c "Adjournment of Dáil: Motion (Resumed)". Dáil Éireann (24th Dáil) debates. Houses of the Oireachtas. 19 December 1986. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  12. ^ De Valera, Éamon (26 May 1937). "Bunreacht na hEireann (Dréacht)—Coiste (Ath-thógaint)". Dáil Éireann (8th Dáil). Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  13. ^ "Public business: No confidence motion – Dáil Éireann (5th Dáil) – 16 August 1927". Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  14. ^ a b "Vote of Confidence—Motion by Taoiseach – Dáil Éireann (14th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 30 June 1953. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.; "Vote of Confidence—Motion by Taoiseach (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (14th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 1 July 1953. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.; "Vote of Confidence—Motion by Taoiseach (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (14th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 1 July 1953. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.; "Vote of Confidence—Motion by Taoiseach (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (14th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 2 July 1953. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.; "Vote of Confidence—Motion by Taoiseach (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (14th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 2 July 1953. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  15. ^ "Committee of Selection - Unemployment and Emigration: Motion of No Confidence – Dáil Éireann (16th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 29 October 1958. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.; "Unemployment and Emigration: Motion of No Confidence (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (16th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 29 October 1958. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.; "Unemployment and Emigration: Motion of No Confidence (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (16th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 29 October 1958. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  16. ^ "Turnover Tax. - Motion of No Confidence – Dáil Éireann (17th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 30 October 1963. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  17. ^ a b "Adjournment (Summer Recess) – (18th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 8 July 1966. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2020.; "Confidence in Government – (18th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 8 July 1966. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  18. ^ "Financial Resolutions. - Confidence in Government – (18th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 5 November 1968. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2020.; "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed) – (18th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 6 November 1968. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2020.; "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed) – (18th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 7 November 1968. Archived from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  19. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion – (19th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 13 May 1970. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2020.; "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed) – (19th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 14 May 1970. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2020.; "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed) – (19th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 14 May 1970. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  20. ^ "Confidence in Taoiseach and Government: Motion – (19th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 29 October 1970. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.; "Confidence in Taoiseach and Government: Motion (Resumed) – (19th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 3 November 1970. Archived from the original on 9 June 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.; "Confidence in Taoiseach and Government: Motion (Resumed) – (19th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 4 November 1970. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 22 December 2020.; "Confidence in Taoiseach and Government: Motion (Resumed) – (19th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 4 November 1970. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  21. ^ "Confidence in the Government: Motion – (20th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 23 October 1974. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.; "Confidence in the Government: Motion (Resumed) – (20th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 24 October 1974. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.; "Confidence in the Government: Motion (Resumed) – (20th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 24 October 1974. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.; "Confidence in the Government: Motion (Resumed) – (20th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 29 October 1974. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  22. ^ "Confidence in the Government: Motion – (20th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 28 October 1976. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.; "Confidence in the Government: Motion (Resumed) – (20th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 28 October 1976. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  23. ^ "Private Members' Business – Confidence in Government: Motion – Dáil Éireann (21st Dáil) – Vol. 314 No. 10". 29 May 1979. p. 31. Retrieved 27 August 2022.; "Private Members' Business – Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed) – Dáil Éireann (21st Dáil) – Vol. 314 No. 11". 30 May 1979. p. 43. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  24. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion – Dáil Éireann (23rd Dáil) – Vol. 337 No. 3". 1 July 1982. p. 4. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2022.; "Confidence in Government: Motion – Dáil Éireann (23rd Dáil) – Vol. 337 No. 3". 1 July 1982. p. 6. Archived from the original on 18 December 2020. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  25. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion". 3 November 1982. p. 4. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  26. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion". 4 November 1982. p. 4. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  27. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion". 20 February 1986. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  28. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed)". 20 February 1986. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  29. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion: (Resumed)". 21 February 1986. p. 4. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  30. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion". 22 October 1986. p. 17. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  31. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion: (Resumed". 23 October 1986. p. 7. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
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  33. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion". 31 October 1990. p. 5. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  34. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion: (Resumed)". 31 October 1990. p. 16. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  35. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion". 16 October 1991. p. 5. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
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    "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed)". 17 October 1991. p. 6. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
    "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed)". 17 October 1991. p. 21. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
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  41. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed)". 28 October 1993. p. 18. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  42. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion". 16 November 1994. p. 6. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  43. ^ a b "Withdrawal of Motion of Confidence". 17 November 1994. p. 4. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  44. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion". 12 November 1996. p. 13. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  45. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed)". 13 November 1996. p. 4. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
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  47. ^ a b c "Confidence in Government: Motion". 30 June 2000. p. 3. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
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  49. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion". 9 June 2009. p. 11. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  50. ^ a b "Confidence in Government: Motion (resumed)". 10 June 2009. p. 4. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  51. ^ a b c "Confidence in the Taoiseach and the Government: Motion". 15 June 2010. p. 7. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  52. ^ "Confidence in the Government: Motion (Private Members)". 11 December 2012. pp. 67–77. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
    "Confidence in the Government: Motion (Resumed) (Private Members)". 12 December 2012. pp. 51–61. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  53. ^ "Confidence in the Government: Motion (Resumed) (Private Members) (Continued)". 12 December 2012. p. 60. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  54. ^ "Confidence in the Government: Motion (Resumed) [Private Members]". 12 December 2012. p. 51. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  55. ^ "Confidence in Taoiseach and Government: Motion". 9 December 2014. pp. 9–33. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
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  61. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion". Dáil Éireann (33rd Dáil) debates. Oireachtas. 12 July 2022. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
Dáil votes
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  2. ^ "Old Age Pensions Bill 1929—Second Stage (Resumed) – Votes – Dáil Éireann (6th Dáil) - 27 March 1930". Dáil Éireann debates. 27 March 1930. Archived from the original on 19 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  3. ^ "Call for Resignation of Minister: Motion – Votes – (20th Dáil) – 28 October 1976". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 15 September 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  4. ^ "Public business: No confidence motion – Votes – Dáil Éireann (5th Dáil) – 16 August 1927". Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  5. ^ "Motion of Confidence (Resumed) – Votes – Dáil Éireann (14th Dáil) – 2 July 1953". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  6. ^ "Unemployment and Emigration: Motion of No Confidence (Resumed) – Amendment put – Votes – Dáil Éireann (16th Dáil) – 30 October 1958". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.; "Unemployment and Emigration: Motion of No Confidence (Resumed) – Main motion put – Votes – Dáil Éireann (16th Dáil) – 30 October 1958". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  7. ^ "Turnover Tax - Motion of No Confidence (Amendment put) – Dáil Éireann (17th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 30 October 1963. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2020.; "Turnover Tax - Motion of No Confidence (Motion, as amended, put) – Dáil Éireann (17th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 30 October 1963. Archived from the original on 18 November 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  8. ^ "Confidence in Government – (18th Dáil)". Oireachtas. 8 July 1966. Archived from the original on 26 December 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  9. ^ "Confidence in Government – (18th Dáil) – 8 July 1966". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 26 December 2020. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  10. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed) – Votes – (18th Dáil) – 7 November 1968". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
  11. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed) – Votes – (19th Dáil) – 14 May 1970". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  12. ^ "Confidence in Taoiseach and Government: Motion (Resumed) – Votes – (19th Dáil) – 4 November 1970". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  13. ^ "Confidence in the Government: Motion (Resumed) – Votes – (20th Dáil) – 29 October 1974". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  14. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed) – Votes – (20th Dáil) – 28 October 1976". Oireachtas. Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  15. ^ "Private Members' Business. - Confidence in Government: Motion (Resumed) – Votes – (21st Dáil) – 30 May 1979". Oireachtas. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  16. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion – Votes – (23rd Dáil) – 1 July 1982". Oireachtas. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  17. ^ "Confidence in Government – (33rd Dáil)". Oireachtas. 12 July 2022. Archived from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
  18. ^ a b Motion 82/2023; "Confidence in Government: Motion". Oireachtas. 29 March 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
Other
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  2. ^ MacCarthaigh 2005 p.132, fn.84
  3. ^ Fitzgerald, Garret (9 September 2000). "How the myth over VAT on children's footwear still endures". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2021.; "1982: VAT on Children's Shoes". RTÉ Archives: Memorable Budgets. RTÉ.ie. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  4. ^ Keogh, Dermot (26 August 2010). "Ch.16: Ireland, 1972–84". In J. R. Hill (ed.). Ireland, 1921–84. A New History of Ireland. Vol. VII. Oxford University Press. p. 709. ISBN 9780191615597. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  5. ^ a b "Government reverse Dail defeat". Times Pictorial. Vol. 75, no. 3968. 16 July 1949. p. 10. Retrieved 14 September 2021 – via The Irish Times.
  6. ^ 1937 Constitution, Article 17.2; 1922 Constitution, Article 37
  7. ^ "Confidence in the Taoiseach: Motion – Seanad Éireann (23rd Seanad)". Oireachtas. 16 June 2010. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  8. ^ "Confidence in Government: Motion – Seanad Éireann (23rd Seanad)". Oireachtas. 8 December 2010. Archived from the original on 22 December 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  9. ^ McDermott, Stephen (3 December 2019). "FactCheck: Would a vote of no confidence in Eoghan Murphy automatically spark an election?". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 4 December 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
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  11. ^ Loughlin, Elaine (10 September 2021). "Q&A: What are the implications of a no-confidence vote on Simon Coveney?". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021. Theoretically the Government could stay in place if it loses a vote relating to a Minister, but in practice this would be almost impossible.
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  13. ^ a b Coghlan, Denis (16 December 1986). "Government confident on crucial Dáil votes". The Irish Times. p. 1. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  14. ^ Cooney, John (20 December 1986). "February poll still on despite Government win". The Irish Times. p. 1. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  15. ^ Constitution of Ireland Article 13.2.2° Archived 1 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i McCullagh, David (9 September 2011). John A. Costello The Reluctant Taoiseach: A Biography of John A. Costello. Gill & Macmillan. pp. 73–75. ISBN 9780717151639. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  17. ^ "Explore Documents: Áras an Uachtaráin telephone log, 27 January 1982". History Hub. UCD School of History & Archives. 8 April 2013. Archived from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
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  19. ^ a b Strøm, Kaare; Stephen M. Swindle (September 2002). "Strategic Parliamentary Dissolution" (PDF). The American Political Science Review. 96 (3): 580–581, fn.5. doi:10.1017/S0003055402000345. S2CID 34291976. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  20. ^ a b Carroll, Joe (14 November 1994). "President believed to have taken legal advice on powers". The Irish Times. p. 4. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  21. ^ a b Mitchell 2006, p. 430.
  22. ^ "Constitution of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Eireann) Act, 1922, Schedule 1". Irish Statute Book. Article 53. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  23. ^ a b Farrell, Brian (1994). "The political role of cabinet ministers in Ireland". In Laver, Michael (ed.). Cabinet Ministers and Parliamentary Government. CUP Archive. pp. 75–76. ISBN 9780521438377. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  24. ^ MacCarthaigh 2005, p. 430.
  25. ^ Mitchell 2006, p. 131–132.
  26. ^ Mitchell 2006, p.433 Table 13.1 fn.b
  27. ^ "Dáil to spend three hours debating motion of no confidence". Irish Examiner. 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  28. ^ Carr, Hugh. "No general election in the near future as Government survives vote of no confidence". JOE.ie. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022. The motion was initially brought forward by Sinn Féin following the loss of the coalition's majority last week. However, the Government then countered with a confidence motion of their own, which allowed them to speak for an hour on the topic, rather than the originally allotted 20 minutes.
  29. ^ "Abstentions" (PDF). Report of the sub-Committee on Dáil Reform regarding changes to Standing Orders. Oireachtas. 8 June 2016. p. 25. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.; "Consolidated version of all of the Standing Orders of Dáil Éireann currently in effect" (PDF). Oireachtas. 15 November 2016. pp. 40, sec.77. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.; Ní Aodha, Gráinne (15 July 2016). "We'll be hearing a lot more from politicians after the summer recess". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016. The electronic voting system in the Dáil chamber also needs to be upgraded to provide a button for TDs who want to abstain on votes. Currently, there is only a facility to cast a vote for or against a proposal.
  30. ^ a b c Ó Beacháin, Donnacha (2010). "'Slightly Constitutional' Politics: Fianna Fáil's Tortuous Entry to the Irish Parliament, 1926-7". Parliamentary History. 29 (3): 376–394. doi:10.1111/j.1750-0206.2010.00212.x. ISSN 0264-2824.
  31. ^ Gaughan, J. Anthony (1980). Thomas Johnson, 1872–1963: first leader of the Labour Party in Dáil Éireann. Kingdom Books. p. 317. ISBN 9780950601533.
  32. ^ Fanning, Ronan (30 December 2012). "Haughey's Brit bashing on Falklands cost us dear". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  33. ^ FitzGerald, Garret (1991). All in a life : Garret FitzGerald, an autobiography. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. p. 625. ISBN 978-0-7171-1600-3.
  34. ^ Dwyer, T. Ryle (12 September 2009). "Taoiseach who went from top of the world to rock bottom in one week". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  35. ^ Oireachtas Sub Committee on Legislation and Security (1995). Inquiry into the Events of 11 to 15 November 1994. Government publications. Vol. Pn.1478. Dublin. pp. 12–15. ISBN 0-7076-1583-6. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  36. ^ Brophy, Karl (13 April 2002). "Same story, different script as plot thickens and political whodunnit thriller unfolds". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  37. ^ a b "Ahern gives Moriarty evidence as Dáil prepares for no-confidence debate". RTÉ.ie. 29 June 2000. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  38. ^ "Confidence motions: full texts". The Irish Times. 28 September 2007. p. 8. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  39. ^ "Notice of Motion". Motions. Oireachtas. 8 June 2009. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  40. ^ "Dáil to debate confidence motion on Tuesday". RTÉ.ie. 10 June 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  41. ^ "Dáil Éireann Notice of Motion". Oireachtas. 10 June 2010. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
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  43. ^ a b Doherty, Pearse (4 December 2014). "Sinn Féin to table motion of no confidence in An Taoiseach". Sinn Féin. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
    O'Regan, Michael (5 December 2014). "Independent TD criticises Sinn Féin's motion of no confidence". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2014. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
  44. ^ "Notice of Motion" (PDF). Dáil motions. Oireachtas. 5 December 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  45. ^ a b c Collins, Stephen (22 September 2015). "Kenny to defend role in Callinan exit controversy". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
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  49. ^ a b "Motion re Confidence in the Government". Dáil Business. Oireachtas. 12 July 2022. MN_178/22. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  50. ^ Lehane, Mícheál (12 July 2022). "85 TDs vote confidence in Govt, 66 against". RTÉ News. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  51. ^ Bray, Jennifer; Leahy, Pat (12 July 2022). "Government on course to survive Dáil confidence vote on Tuesday". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 11 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  52. ^ "Dáil Business Week of 11/07/2022" (PDF). Oireachtas. 11 July 2022. p. 48. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  53. ^ a b c McGee, Harry. "As it happened: Government survives Labour's no-confidence motion by 86 votes to 67". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  54. ^ "Residential Tenancies (Deferment of Termination Dates of Certain Tenancies) Act 2022". electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB). Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  55. ^ a b McQuinn, Cormac; Leahy, Pat (6 March 2023). "Eviction ban will not be extended and will lapse at end of March". The Irish Times. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  56. ^ "Motion re Confidence in the Government". Dáil Business. Oireachtas. Motion 74/2023. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  57. ^ Ó Ríordáin, Aodhán [@AodhanORiordain] (27 March 2023). "Our @labour no-conference motion in the govt has been countered with a govt motion of confidence in itself" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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