Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis
Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis (CNCH) is a small, nodular, tender, chronic inflammatory lesion occurring on the helix of the ear, most often in men.[2]: 610 it often presents as a benign painful erythematous nodule fixed to the cartilage of the helix or antihelix of the external ear.[3] Although the exact cause of the condition is unknown, it has been linked to head pressure on the ear while sleeping. Treatment options include the use of pressure-relieving devices or, in cases where that is not an option, surgery.[4]
| Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis[1]: 782 |
 | |
| Chondrodermatitis helicis nodularis in a 67-year-old man | |
| Specialty | Dermatology |
Causes
editThe cause of CNCH is unknown. Nonetheless, a number of variables are thought to be involved in the development of CNCH, with the onset being associated with microtrauma, prolonged high pressure, or dermal ischemia.[5]
Risk factors
editElastic tissue loss, vascular and connective tissue degradation, and skin and cartilage thinning are all brought on by aging.[6] The onset of CNCH symptoms may be related to the cartilage's increased susceptibility to pressure damage as it ages and loses some of its flexibility. Additionally, older adults typically move less while they sleep, which puts even more pressure on the ear.[7]
Epidemiology
editChondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis is relatively rare, but it prefers fair-skinned men between the ages of 40 and 80.[8][9] Despite the fact that women are affected by CNCH, the reported male to female ratio is 10 to 1.[3] CNCH usually affects one side of the body, although reports of bilateral lesions have indicated an incidence of 3% to 7%.[4][10] After developing CNCH on the contralateral ear, patients who switch their sleeping side typically develop bilateral lesions.[7] Furthermore, CNCH can affect people of any age; cases involving children and teenagers have been documented.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Freedberg IM, Fitzpatrick TB (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division. ISBN 0-07-138076-0.
- ^ James W, Berger T, Elston D (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ a b c Salah H, Urso B, Khachemoune A (March 2018). "Review of the Etiopathogenesis and Management Options of Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis". Cureus. 10 (3): e2367. doi:10.7759/cureus.2367. PMC 5969795. PMID 29805936.
- ^ a b Nielsen LJ, Olsen CH, Lock-Andersen J (2016-01-27). "Therapeutic Options of Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis". Plastic Surgery International. 2016: 4340168. doi:10.1155/2016/4340168. PMC 4748103. PMID 26925262.
- ^ Sehgal, Virendra N.; Singh, Navjeevan (2009). "Chondrodermatitis nodularis". American Journal of Otolaryngology. 30 (5). Elsevier BV: 331–336. doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2008.04.001. ISSN 0196-0709. PMID 19720252.
- ^ Dreiman, Bernard B. (2007). "Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Chronica Helicis Treated With Antia-Buch Reconstruction: Review and Case Report". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 65 (7). Elsevier BV: 1378–1382. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2005.10.044. ISSN 0278-2391.
- ^ a b de Ru, J. A.; Lohuis, P. J. F. M.; Saleh, H. A.; Vuyk, H. D. (2002). "Treatment of chondrodermatitis nodularis with removal of the underlying cartilage alone: retrospective analysis of experience in 37 lesions". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 116 (9). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 677–681. doi:10.1258/002221502760237939. ISSN 0022-2151. PMID 12437799. S2CID 22265040.
- ^ Sanu, A; Koppana, R; Snow, D G (May 24, 2007). "Management of chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis using a 'doughnut pillow'". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 121 (11). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 1096–1098. doi:10.1017/s0022215107008535. ISSN 0022-2151. PMID 17524165. S2CID 34025503.
- ^ Yaneza, M M C; Sheikh, S (December 7, 2012). "Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis excision and reconstruction". The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 127 (1). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 63–64. doi:10.1017/s0022215112002721. ISSN 0022-2151. PMID 23217242. S2CID 206237570.
- ^ Oelzner, Sophia; Elsner, Peter (2003). "Bilateral chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis on the free border of the helix in a woman". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 49 (4). Elsevier BV: 720–722. doi:10.1067/s0190-9622(03)00482-1. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 14512925.
Further reading
edit- Ali, Faisal R.; Healy, Ciaran; Mallipeddi, Rajeev (2016). "Hemorrhoid cushions for chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH): Piling off the pressure". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 75 (2). Elsevier BV: e65–e66. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2016.03.014. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 27444092.
- Shah, Sheevam; Fiala, Katherine H. (October 9, 2016). "Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis: A review of current therapies". Dermatologic Therapy. 30 (1). Hindawi Limited: e12434. doi:10.1111/dth.12434. ISSN 1396-0296. PMID 27723195.