Cholón (Spanish: lengua cholona), also known as Seeptsá and Tsinganeses, is a language of Peru. It was spoken near Uchiza,[1][2] from Tingo María to Valle in the Huallaga River valley of Huanuco and San Martín regions.[3]
| Cholón | |
|---|---|
| Seeptsá | |
| Native to | Peru |
| Region | Huallaga River valley |
Native speakers | Only one native speaker (2021) |
Hibito–Cholon ?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cht |
| Glottolog | chol1284 |
The language was previously thought to be extinct but a native speaker was discovered in 2021. Martha Pérez Valderrama is believed to be the last remaining speaker of Cholón.[4]
Phonology
editDue to the amateur Spanish pronunciation spellings used to transcribe Cholon, its sound inventory is uncertain. The following is an attempt at interpreting them (Adelaar 2004:464).
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| Plosive | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| Affricate | ts | tʃ | |||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||
| Approximant | w | l | ʎ, j |
The vowels appeared to have been similar to Spanish [a e~ɪ i o~ʊ u].
Grammar
editCholon distinguishes masculine and feminine grammatical gender in the second person. That is, one used different forms for "you" depending on whether one was speaking to a man or a woman:
| katsok | 'house' |
| aktsok | 'my house' |
| miktsok | 'your house' (speaking to a man) |
| piktsok | 'your house' (speaking to a woman) |
| intʃamma | 'what did you say?' (speaking to a man) |
| intʃampa | 'what did you say?' (speaking to a woman) |
References
edit
- ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ^ "Cholon | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America". ailla.utexas.org. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
- ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Peru languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- ^ "Pérez Valderrama, Martha | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America". ailla.utexas.org. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
- Adelaar, Willem (2004). The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36275-7.
- Fabre, Alain. 2005. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Cholón