The Russian-language surname Chizhevsky (feminine: Chizhevskaya) derives from the word chizh meaning "siskin". Surnames of similar derivations include Chizh and Chizhov; the Polish-language equivalent is Czyżewski.
The surname may refer to:
- Alexander Chizhevsky, Soviet biophysicist
- Ilya Chizhevsky, Russian businessman
- Kim Chizevsky-Nicholls, American professional bodybuilder
- Vasile Cijevschi, Bessarabian soldier and politician
- Chizhevski BOK-1
- Chizhevski BOK-5