Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini

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Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini (Chinese: 剛恆毅, 3 April 1876 – 17 October 1958) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and the founder of the Disciples of the Lord who served as the head of the Apostolic Chancery from 1954 until his death.[1]


Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini
剛恆毅
Apostolic Chancery
ChurchRoman Catholic Church
Appointed22 May 1954
Term ended17 October 1958
PredecessorTommaso Pio Boggiani
SuccessorSantiago Luis Copello
Other post(s)Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Damaso (1958)
Previous post(s)
Orders
Ordination26 December 1899
by Francesco Isola
Consecration24 August 1921
by Pietro La Fontaine
Created cardinal12 January 1953
by Pope Pius XII
RankCardinal-Priest
Personal details
Born
Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini

(1876-04-03)3 April 1876
Died17 October 1958(1958-10-17) (aged 82)
Rome, Italy
MottoIn hoc signo ("Under this sign")
Coat of armsCelso Benigno Luigi Costantini 剛恆毅's coat of arms
Sainthood
Title as SaintServant of God
Ordination history of
Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini
History
Priestly ordination
Ordained byFrancesco Isola
Date26 December 1899
PlacePortogruaro, Kingdom of Italy
Episcopal consecration
Principal consecratorPietro La Fontaine
Co-consecratorsAngelo Bartolomasi & Luigi Paulini
Date24 August 1921
Cardinalate
Elevated byPope Pius XII
Date12 January 1953
Episcopal succession
Bishops consecrated by Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini as principal consecrator
Karol Slivovsky28 October 1923
Paul Léon Cornelius Montaigne, C.M.19 April 1925
Theodor Buddenbrock, S.V.D.7 June 1925
Enrico Pascal Valtorta, P.I.M.E.13 June 1926
Edward John Galvin, S.S.C.M.E.6 November 1927
Pierre Cheng (Tcheng)2 July 1928
Georg Weig, S.V.D.23 September 1928
Francis Xavier Wang Zepu (Tse-pu)24 February 1930
Paul Wang Wen-cheng (Uamuencem)24 February 1930
Francis Liu-Chiu-wen (Liou King wen)12 October 1930
Ignazio Canazei, S.D.B.9 November 1930
James Robert Knox8 November 1953
Alfredo Bruniera2 January 1955

He was elevated to the Cardinalship in 12 January 1953. He is best known for his work in China.[2] Costantini dedicated himself to improving the work of missionaries and believed that evangelization in China belonged to the Chinese people. His time there heralded countless successes and he was careful never to involve himself in the complex politics between the Church and the State.[2][3]

His cause for sainthood commenced on 24 June 2016 under Pope Francis and he has been titled as a Servant of God.

Early years

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Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini was born on 3 April 1876 in Castions di Zoppola as the second of ten children to Costante Costantini (a building contractor) and Maddalena Altan. His brother Giovanni (1880-1956) became the Bishop of La Spezia.[1]

He followed his father's trade as a mason and worked since 1887 in that trade before deciding to undergo ecclesial studies. He studied first from 1892 until 1897 at Portogruaro and then attended as a part-time student at the Academica di San Tommaso in Rome from 1897 until 1899. It was there that he obtained his doctorates in philosophical and theological studies in 1899.[1] He was ordained to the priesthood in Portogruaro on 26 December 1899 and then did pastoral work until 1914 in Concordia where he was also elected as capitular vicar and as a chaplain for the Portogruaro hospital.[1] In 1915 he founded the illustrated journal "Arte Cristiana" and served as its director until 1924. During World War I he served as a chaplain in the Italian Armed Forces since 12 December 1917. He served as the Concordia diocese's vicar general from 5 November 1918 to 30 April 1920 when he was made apostolic administrator for Fiume until a replacement bishop for that diocese could be found. Costantini was also friends with Agostino Gemelli and over time expressed his support for the convocation of a new ecumenical council though this would not happen until after his death.[2] He also was close with Alcide De Gasperi and the two housed together at some stage in 1944.

China

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He became the Titular Bishop of Hierapolis in 1921 and he received his episcopal consecration a month after from Cardinal Pietro La Fontaine with Angelo Bartolomasi and Luigi Paulini serving as the co-consecrators.[1] Pope Pius XI appointed Costantini as the first Apostolic Delegate to China on 12 August 1922 and also made him Titular Archbishop of Theodosiopolis in Arcadia the following month. He met with Pius XI before his departure and with Cardinal Willem Marinus van Rossum who advised Costantini to implement all dimensions of Maximum illud, Pope Benedict XV's 1919 apostolic letter on the work of missionaries.[3] Costantini arrived in Hong Kong on 8 November 1922. He later met the Foreign Minister Gu Weijun when he visited Beijing for the first time in mid-1923.[3] He called the first episcopal conference in Shanghai in mid-1924 and made constitutions for the missions in China.[1] He also helped found the Fu Jen Catholic college. He identified six indigenous Chinese candidates for episcopal ordination and established several regional major seminaries. He founded the Disciples of the Lord in 1928 with the help of the Spanish Redemptorist missionaries,[4] and he became the apostolic administrator for Harbin in 1931 though returned to his homeland at that time and then to the United States to recover from several health issues. On 28 October 1926 he was present in the Sistine Chapel when Pius XI consecrated the first six Chinese bishops after he and the bishops-elect left from Shanghai on the previous 10 September.[2]

Curial service

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The archbishop left China in 1933 and entered the service of the Roman Curia where he was appointed to the Congregation for Propagation of Faith first as a consulter on 3 December 1933 and then to its leadership on 20 December 1935 as its second-in-command. He was the second-highest official of that department under Cardinal Pietro Fumasoni Biondi. In 1936 he was made an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne.[1][3] Pope Pius XII created him Cardinal-Priest of Santi Nereo e Achilleo on 12 January 1953.[5] Costantini was made a member of some of the curial departments including Oriental Churches and the Congregation for Rites. Several months later he was named as the Apostolic Chancellor and opted for the cardinalitial title of San Lorenzo in Damaso on 9 June 1958.[2]

Death

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He died of heart failure in Rome on 17 October 1958, three weeks after surgery, at the Villa Margherita Clinic in Via Massimo.[6] His death followed that of Pope Pius XII and preceded the start of the conclave to choose his successor. Before his death, he told Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, soon to be elected pope, that he supported the candidacy of Gregorio Pietro Agagianian.[1][2][3] He was buried next to his brother Bishop Giovanni Constantini in Zoppola. In 1959 his brother's remains were relocated to La Spezia.

Beatification process

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The beatification process received support on 30 September 2016 from the Trivenetian Episcopal Conference who endorsed the cause which had opened some months prior. It opened under Pope Francis on 24 June 2016 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled him as a Servant of God and transferred the forum of investigation from Rome to Concordia. The diocesan process was inaugurated on 17 October 2017 and is ongoing.[2]

The current postulator for this cause is Father Ader Nasr and the vice-postulator is Father Simon ee-Kim chong.

It is predicted that the cause's progress will be slow due to the divergent China-Vatican relations.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Salvador Miranda. "Consistory of January 12, 1953 (II)". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2017.[self-published source]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Servant of God Celso Costantini". Santi e Beati. Retrieved 28 October 2017.[self-published source]
  3. ^ a b c d e "Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini". Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  4. ^ Boland, Samuel J. (2002). "The Redemptorists and the China Mission" (PDF). Spicilegium Historicum Congregationis SSmi Redemptoris (50): 604.
  5. ^ Cortesi, Arnaldo (30 November 1952). "24 New Cardinals Named by Vatican; American Included" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  6. ^ Cortesi, Arnaldo (18 October 1958). "Cardinal Constantini Dies in Rome at 82". New York Times. Retrieved 6 December 2018.

Further reading

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Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
None
Apostolic Delegate to China
12 August 1922 – 20 December 1935
Succeeded by
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Secretary of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
20 December 1935 – 12 January 1953
Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-Priest of Santi Nereo e Achilleo
15 January 1953 – 9 June 1958
Succeeded by
Preceded by Apostolic Chancellor
22 May 1954 – 17 October 1958
Succeeded by
Preceded by Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Damaso
9 June 1958 – 17 October 1958
Succeeded by
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