California Senate Bill 35 (SB 35) is a statute streamlining housing construction in California counties and cities that fail to build enough housing to meet state mandated housing construction requirements.[1] The bill was introduced to the California State Assembly by State Senator Scott Wiener (D-SF) on December 15, 2016.[2] SB 35 aims to address the California housing shortage by increasing housing supply. The bill was signed into law on September 29, 2017 by Governor Jerry Brown as part of California’s 2017 Housing Package – a set of 15 bills that provide “an injection of new regulatory and financial resources” for cities.[1][2]
| California Senate Bill 35 | |
|---|---|
| California State Legislature | |
| |
| Enacted by | 2017-18 session of the California State Legislature |
| Enacted | September 29, 2017 |
| Signed by | Jerry Brown |
| Introduced by | Scott Wiener |
| Introduced | December 15, 2016 |
| Keywords | |
| California housing shortage, Affordable Housing, California | |
Scott Wiener introduced SB 35 to increase housing supply in cities that are not producing enough housing,[3] by encouraging cities to either increase housing development on their own or be forced to accept housing development. After the bill’s passage, Wiener claimed: “SB 35 will retain local control for those cities that are producing their share of housing, but create a more streamlined path for housing creation in those cities that are blocking housing or ignoring their responsibility to build.”[4]
In 2021 AB1174 was signed into law, which gives projects using the special approval of SB35 more time to start construction to compensate for delays caused by lawsuits.[5][6]
Provisions
editUnder existing law, every locality (cities and unincorporated parts of counties) has a housing production goal for low by income level in the Regional Housing Needs Assessments (RHNA). SB 35 requires localities to report their housing production by income level in their annual housing element progress reports (APRs). The units produced is compared to the RHNA targets at the halfway point and end of each cycle.[7][8][9] If the locality does not meet its pro-rated RHNA goals, then certain projects can use a streamlined approval process over the next half-cycle.
In order to use the streamlined approval process, the development must:
- follow all local objective zoning and design standards[10]
- be on land zoned for residential use.[8][10]
- designate some units to be priced below market rate for people making certain incomes:[10]
- if the locality did not meet its above-moderate income RHNA goal, at least 10% of units must be below market rate housing
- if the locality did not meet its low income RHNA goal, at least 50% of units must be below market rate housing
- not be constructed in an ecologically protected area.[8][10]
- be multi-unit housing and not single family homes.[8]
- pay construction workers union-level wages.[8]
If the development meets all criteria, localities must approve the project in either (1) 60 days if the development contains less than 150 housing units; or (2) 90 days if the development contains more than 150 units of housing.[11]
Background
editCalifornia housing costs are among the most unaffordable in the United States. In 2018, the median San Jose home cost 10 times the median household income; Los Angeles homes cost 9.5 times; San Francisco homes cost 8.9 times; San Diego homes cost 8.1 times.[12] California is the most expensive state to rent in, in the United States.[13]
California has had a housing shortage since 1970 and ranks 49th among 50 states for housing units per capita.[14] The problem has worsened following the Great Recession as housing development fell to 40,000 units in 2009 and has not reached pre-recession levels.[15] California needs approximately 180,000 units per year to match current growth.[14] Slow housing development combined with high housing demand has increased housing costs in every city in California.
The state’s high rent prices have translated into increased homelessness, more households spending half their income on housing, and an exodus of low and middle income households leaving to states with lower cost of living.[16] The housing shortage negatively impacts the Economy of California.
Wiener introduced SB 35 to increase housing supply and stabilize or decrease home prices.[15] The bill is part of California's 2017 Housing Package, which are 15 small bills devoted to increasing housing affordability.[15] Supporters hope SB 35 will shorten the permitting process for certain developments.[17]
Housing Element Act of 1969
editThe Housing Element Act of 1969 mandates all cities construct a specified number of low, middle, and market rate housing.[17] Cities are required to construct their RHNA, which the HCD determines every 8 years.[19] The RHNA determines the amount of low-income, moderate income, and market housing each municipality is expected to construct to meet regional housing needs. However, 97.6% of cities in California do not construct the required number of low-income housing units allocated.[17]
"Local control is about how a community achieves its housing goals, not whether it achieves those goals," Wiener said in a statement. "SB 35 sets clear and reasonable standards to ensure that all communities are part of the solution by creating housing for our growing population."[20]
Local officials, however, often disagree with state officials over what these housing production goals should be.[21]
Opposition
editThe League of California Cities and many municipal governments opposed SB 35 for imposing state control over local planning rules.[10] City governments opposing SB 35 include: Berkeley, Beverly Hills, Encinitas, Palm Desert, Vallejo, San Luis Obispo, Huntington Beach, and Walnut Creek.[10]
Several cities have pursued court cases to stop SB 35 following its passage. In 2019, Huntington Beach sued the State of California to stop the enforcement of SB 35. The City Attorney for Huntington Beach, Michael Gates, claims SB 35 “unconstitutionally interferes with the city’s authority to enforce local zoning laws.”[22] In 2021, Huntington Beach lost the lawsuit and decided not to appeal.[23]
Impact
editSome housing experts believed the impact of SB 35 on overall housing production will be minimal due to the standards required to meet streamlining approval.[8] The bill was expected to increase below-market housing for the lowest income households.[24] As of November 2019, officials had approved more than 6,000 homes under SB 35, including 4,700 in the Bay Area and 1,600 in Southern California.[25] A report in 2023 found that between 2018 and 2021, 156 pending and approved housing projects had resulted from the law with the projects total 18,215 proposed new units, two-thirds of which was affordable housing.[26]
Cities Affected by SB 35
edit28 cities and counties have met their lower and above moderate income RHNA. 298 jurisdictions have not created enough housing to meet their above moderate income RHNA.[27] Projects in these jurisdictions can qualify for SB 35 housing if developments with 10% of housing units devoted to below market housing.
213 jurisdictions have not created enough housing to meet their above very low and low-income RHNA.[27] Projects in these jurisdictions can qualify for SB 35 housing if developments with 50% of housing units devoted to below market housing.[27]
SB 35 Projects
editVallco Mall Project
editThe Vallco Shopping Mall redevelopment project in Cupertino is the largest project to have utilized SB 35.[24] The project will include retail and 2 million square feet of office space, and 2,402 total units of housing. Half of those units, or 1,201, will be designated as below-market rate housing for low and very low-income residents.[11] The project was approved on September 21, 2018 for streamlining under SB 35. In October 2018 the City Council approved, and residents then filed a referendum on, another Vallco project by the same developer—the 2018 Vallco Specific Plan. In May 2019 the City Council repealed the Vallco Specific Plan.[28]
681 Florida Street
editThe Mission Economic Development Agency (MEDA), an affordable housing development agency, used SB 35 to expedite construction of a 100% affordable housing development in San Francisco’s Mission District.[24] The development will include 130 housing units devoted to low-income families; 30% of those apartments are reserved for formerly homeless families.[29] Without SB 35, the development would have followed the normal approval process and been delayed for 6 months to a year.[24]
Amendments
editIn 2021 AB1174 was signed into law, which gives projects (like Vallco) using the special approval of SB35 more time to start construction to compensate for delays caused by lawsuits.[5][6]
In 2023, SB 423 was signed into law, which extended the Sunset provision for SB 35 for ten years until January 1, 2036, expands the scope and geographic reach of SB 35’s ministerial review process and modifies SB 35’s labor and affordability requirements. In particular, SB 423 included a legislative finding that affordable housing is a statewide concern instead of a municipal concern, and expanded SB 35's amendments of Government Code Section 65913.4 to apply to all cities, including charter cities.[30][31]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b “California’s 2017 Housing Package Frequently Asked Questions"California Department of Housing and Community Development July 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- ^ a b “SB35 Legislative History” Accessed March 8, 2019.
- ^ Wiener, Scott “We Delivered On Housing: My Housing Streamlining Bill Passes the Legislature".Medium,” September 14, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- ^ “Senator Wiener releases Details on SB 35 – the Housing Accountability and Affordability Act"”Press Release” January 23, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- ^ a b Kendall, Marisa (September 16, 2021). "Gov. Newsom abolishes most single-family zoning in California". San Jose Mercury News.
Finally, Newsom green-lighted AB 1174 — a bill that specifically targets the Vallco housing, office and retail project underway in Cupertino. The city was forced to grant Vallco special approval under a new law that fast-tracks certain residential developments. That approval is good for three years, and Cupertino officials recently said Vallco's is set to expire this month. AB 1174 clarifies that projects delayed by litigation — as Vallco was — get more time. "Closing this loophole will protect thousands of new housing units statewide against the whims of local opposition," Jim Wunderman, president and CEO of the Bay Area Council, wrote in a news release. "Too often, the legal system is abused to block housing that we so desperately need. AB 1174 fulfills the intent of past housing reform legislation to speed more housing construction in California."
- ^ a b "Gov. Newsom Signs Council-Sponsored Bill to Close Major Housing Reform Loophole". Bay Area Council. September 16, 2021.
AB 1174 fixes a loophole in SB 35 (Weiner), which was passed in 2017 and allows for fast-track approval of housing developments that meet various state and local requirements. SB 35 included a provision that unless construction begins within three years the project must return to square one for approval. But the three-year time limit in SB 35 didn't account for delays caused by frivolous lawsuits filed against projects by housing opponents, among other. Allowing such delays and the huge costs that come with them can often be a death knell for new housing projects. ... AB 1174 will have an immediate impact in Cupertino, where a project to transform the old Vallco Mall into a massive residential and commercial development won approval under SB 35 but was challenged in a lawsuit that would have prevented it from meeting the three-year deadline set to expire on Sept. 21.
- ^ A housing element cycle is 8 years in most of California and 5 years in a few counties. For a full list of counties and schedules, see: "Housing Element and Regional Housing Needs Determination Schedule". California Department of Housing and Community Development. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Dillon, Liam (October 5, 2017). "How a new California Law could kill a 30-year-old rule that slowed development in Los Angeles". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- ^ "SB 35 Determination Methodology and Background Data" (PDF). California Department of Housing and Community Development. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Hughes, Alison “CA Senate Floor Analyses: SB35"”Senate Rules Committee” September 1, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- ^ a b “FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT SENATE BILL 35 AND VALLCO TOWN CENTER APPLICATION “City of Cupertino” July 19, 2018. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
- ^ a b “The State of the Nation’s Housing 2018” “Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University” Retrieved March 13, 2019.
- ^ Hoffower, Hillary “The Salary you need to afford rent in every state, ranked””Business Insider” November 26, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ a b “A Tool Kit To Close California’s Housing Gap: 3.5 Million Homes by 2025” Accessed March 8, 2019.
- ^ a b c Dillon, Liam “Gov. Brown just signed 15 housing bills. Here’s how that’s supposed to help the affordability crisis””Los Angeles Times,” September 29, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2019
- ^ Del Valle, Gaby “How rising rents contribute to homelessness””Vox” December 14, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
- ^ a b c Brinklow, Adam “Law will force 97.6 percent of California cities to build more””Curbed,” March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
- ^ "Construction Permits""California Department of Finance," February 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
- ^ Brinklow, Adam “How a new law would let California pressure cities to build more””Curbed,” January 25, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
- ^ Dillon, Liam (January 23, 2017). "California cities would have to make it easier to build houses under new legislation". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
- ^ "Southern California must plan for 1.3 million new homes in the next decade, Newsom says". Los Angeles Times. August 23, 2019.
- ^ Brinklow, Adam “SoCal city sues state over SF senator’s housing law””Curbed,” January 28, 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
- ^ Szabo, Matt (February 2, 2021). "Huntington Beach loses housing case with state of California". Daily Pilot. Retrieved July 4, 2022.
- ^ a b c d Howard, Robert, Walker, Alexander & Olhausen, Matt “Assessing Sb 35 – Success or Failure?” “Gravel2Gavel,” December 18, 2018. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
- ^ "Is California's most controversial new housing production law working?". Orange County Register. November 26, 2019.
- ^ Wiley, Hannah (August 3, 2023). "A California housing law led to thousands of new homes, report says. Why that's not enough". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 4, 2023.
- ^ a b c "SB 35 Statewide determination summary"
- ^ VALLCO TOWN CENTER SPECIFIC PLAN, City of Cupertino, retrieved Sept. 15, 2021
- ^ “Delivering the Promise of the Mission’s 682 Florida Community Benefit” “medasf,” February 14, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ "Senate Bill No. 423". California Legislative Information. October 12, 2023.
- ^ "Governor Signs Legislation Enacting Significant Amendments to SB 35, Increasing Opportunities for Development of Multi-Family Housing (Part I)". www.coxcastle.com. Retrieved October 18, 2024.