The Burner, Burner II, and Burner IIA rocket stages have been used as upper stages of launch vehicles such as the Thor-Burner and Delta since 1965.
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Burner I
editThe Burner I stage (also called the Altair stage) was derived from the fourth stage of the Scout launch vehicle, and was powered by a Star 37 solid rocket motor (Thiokol TE 364-1).[1][2]
Burner II
editIn September 1965, Air Force Space Systems Division announced the development of a new, low cost upper stage called Burner II, powered by Thiokol TE-M-364-2 engine.[2] It was intended as the smallest maneuverable upper stage in the Air Force inventory. In June 1967, the first Thor/Burner II vehicle successfully launched a pair of satellites to orbit.
In June 1971, the last of the Burner II missions was launched from Vandenberg by a Thor/Burner II launch vehicle and carried an SESP-1 space environmental satellite.[3]
In the mid-1970s Burner II was also studied for use as an upper stage in combination with the Space Shuttle. NASA managers choose other solutions for missions where upper stages were required.[4]
Burner IIA
editIn June 1969, the Space and Missile Systems Organization (SAMSO) began development of the Burner IIA configuration which would offer a tandem motor injection capability and almost twice the capability of Burner II.[5]
In addition to use on Delta family rockets, Burner II stages have been used on both Atlas and Titan rockets.[6] Atlas E/F vehicles were configured with a Burner II/IIA stage and launched in 1968 and 1972. The first launch failed with the second delivering a radiation research payload for the Space Test Program (P72-1 Radsat) using Burner IIA.[7]
References
edit- ^ Launius, Roger D.; Dennis R. Jenkins (2002). To Reach the High Frontier: A History of U.S. Launch Vehicles. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 186–213. ISBN 0813127211.
- ^ a b http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/thor.htm Global Security
- ^ White, J. Terry (June 4, 2012). "Thor Burner II Finale". White Eagle Aerospace. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ Weyers, Vernon J.; Sagerman, Gary D.; Borsody, Janos; Lubick, Robert J. (June 1974). Comparative Evaluation of Existing Expendable Upper Stages for Space Shuttle (PDF) (Report). NASA NTRS. p. 9. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ Space and Missile Systems Organization, A Chronology, 1954-1979 (PDF) (Report). Defense Technical Information Center. Retrieved December 3, 2022.
- ^ "Star 37". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on October 16, 2008.
- ^ Powell, J.W.; Richards, G.R. (1991). "The Atlas E/F Launch Vehicle - An Unsung Workhorse" (PDF). Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. 44: 229–240. Bibcode:1991JBIS...44..229P.
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