The bright copper (Paralucia aurifer) is a butterfly belonging to the family Lycaenidae.
| Bright copper | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | Paralucia |
| Species: | P. aurifer
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| Binomial name | |
| Paralucia aurifer Blanchard, 1848
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Taxonomy
editThe bright copper was first described by Émile Blanchard in 1848.[1]
Description
editThe adult bright copper has a wingspan of 25 millimetres (0.98 in).[2]
The flight season is from December to January.[3]
The wings are dull brown on top with gold-orange triangles in the middle of each wing.[3]
Distribution and habitat
editIt is found in eastern Australia including New South Wales, eastern Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory.[4]
Ecology
editThe bright copper and the ant species Anonychomyrma nitidiceps form a complex symbiotic relationship on Bursaria spinosa. Butterflies lay their eggs on the underside of the leaves, and the caterpillars feed on the leaves before pupating in the soil at the foot of the plant. The ants excavate chambers in the soil where the caterpillars sleep and later pupate, and accompany the caterpillars when the latter are feeding. They are thought to feed on the caterpillars' secretions.[5]
Gallery
edit-
Egg, dorsal view -
Egg, lateral view -
Larva -
Pupa -
Mounted male -
Mounted female -
Male -
Female
See also
editReferences
edit
- ^ "Paralucia Waterhouse & Turner, 1905". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Markku Savela. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ "Bright Copper Butterfly Paralucia aurifer". Museum Victoria. Archived from the original on July 29, 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2009.
- ^ a b "Paralucia aurifer". Morwell National Park Online. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
- ^ Kitching, Roger (1999). Roger Laurence Kitching (ed.). Biology of Australian butterflies. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 9780643050273.
- ^ Cushman, J. Hall; Rashbrook, Vanessa K.; Beattie, Andrew J. (1994). "Assessing Benefits to Both Participants in a Lycaenid-Ant Association" (PDF). Ecology. 75 (4): 1031–41. Bibcode:1994Ecol...75.1031C. doi:10.2307/1939427. hdl:10211.1/1649. JSTOR 1939427.