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Bradford-on-Avon

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Bradford-on-Avon (sometimes Bradford on Avon or Bradford upon Avon[2][3]) is a town and civil parish in west Wiltshire, England, near the border with Somerset, which had a population of 10,405 at the 2021 census.[1] The town's canal, historic buildings, shops, pubs and restaurants make it popular with tourists.

Bradford-on-Avon
The Town Bridge over the river Avon.
The small domed building is the lockup, where the town's troublemakers were put for the night.
Bradford-on-Avon is located in Wiltshire
Bradford-on-Avon
Bradford-on-Avon
Location within Wiltshire
Population10,405 (2021 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceST826609
Civil parish
  • Bradford-on-Avon
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBRADFORD-ON-AVON
Postcode districtBA15
Dialling code01225
PoliceWiltshire
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
WebsiteTown Council
List of places
UK
England
Wiltshire
51°20′49″N 2°15′04″W / 51.347°N 2.251°W / 51.347; -2.251

The history of the town can be traced back to Roman origins. It has several buildings dating from the 17th century, when the town grew due to the thriving English woollen textile industry.

Geography

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The town lies partly in the Avon Valley, and partly on the hill that marks the Vale's western edge, 8 miles (13 km) southeast of Bath, in the hilly area between the Mendip Hills, Salisbury Plain and the Cotswold Hills. The local area around Bath provides the Jurassic limestone known as Bath stone, from which the older buildings are constructed. The River Avon (the Bristol Avon) runs through the town. The larger town of Trowbridge is nearby to the southeast.

The town includes the suburbs of Bearfield and Woolley; the parish includes the hamlets of Widbrook and Woolley Green.

The Western Wiltshire Green Belt, which forms the eastern extent of the Avon Green Belt, completely surrounds Bradford-on-Avon. It helps to maintain the setting and preserve the character of the town by maintaining separation from nearby settlements such as Trowbridge, Winsley, and Westwood.[4][5]

History

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The earliest evidence of habitation is fragments of Roman settlements above the town. In particular, archaeological digs have revealed the remains of a large Roman villa with a well-preserved mosaic on the playing fields of St Laurence School. The centre of the town grew up around the ford across the river Avon, hence the origin of the town's name ("Broad-Ford").[6] This was supplemented in Norman times by the stone bridge that still stands today. The Norman side is upstream, and has pointed arches; the newer side has curved arches. The Town Bridge and Chapel is a grade I listed building. It was originally a packhorse bridge, but widened in the 17th century by rebuilding the western side.[7] On 2 July 1643 the town was the site of a skirmish in the English Civil War, when Royalists seized control of the bridge on their way to the Battle of Lansdowne.[8]

On the bridge stands a small building which was originally a chapel but was later used as a town lock-up. The weathervane on top takes the form of a gudgeon[6] (an early Christian symbol), hence the local saying "under the fish and over the water". (The gilded fish is a perch; Bradford gudgeon is a local term.) [9]

The river provided power for the wool mills that gave the town its wealth. The town has 17th-century buildings dating from the most successful period of the local textile industry. The best examples of weavers' cottages are on Newtown, Middle Rank and Tory Terraces. Daniel Defoe visited Bradford-on-Avon in the early 18th century[6] and commented: "They told me at Bradford that it was no extra-ordinary thing to have clothiers in that country worth, from ten thousand, to forty thousand pounds a man [equivalent to £1.3M to £5.3M in 2007], and many of the great families, who now pass for gentry in those counties, have been originally raised from, and built up by this truly noble manufacture."[10]

With improving mechanisation in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, the wool weaving industry moved from cottages to purpose-built woollen mills adjacent to the river, where they used water and steam to power the looms. Around thirty such mills were built in Bradford-on-Avon alone, and these prospered further until the English woollen industry shifted its centre of power to Yorkshire in the late 19th century. The last local mill closed in 1905. Many have since stood empty and some became derelict.

 
Barton Farm Tithe Barn

A notable feature of Bradford-on-Avon is the large Grade II* listed tithe barn, known as the Saxon Tithe Barn, 180 feet long and 30 feet wide, which was constructed in the 14th century and is now part of Barton Farm Country Park.[11] The barn was used for collecting taxes, in the form of goods, to fund the church.

There are several notable buildings in and around the town centre. Many of the old textile factories have been converted into modern flats and apartments; however, few of the buildings are still used today in their original roles. One of the few is The Swan, a public house and hotel set in the centre of town; the building is 17th century and retains many original features, in particular the stone flag floors. Records show that there has been a public house on the same site since the 1500s. The Hall, on the eastern edge of the town, is a Jacobean mansion built for John Hall, a wealthy mill-owner, in about 1610. It was bought by Stephen Moulton in 1848, and is now managed by the Alex Moulton Charitable Trust.[12]

In 1998 the Wiltshire Music Centre was opened in Bradford-on-Avon, on the grounds of St Laurence School. In 2000, the Millennium sculpture nicknamed "Millie" was unveiled.

On 8 October 2003, Bradford-on-Avon was granted Fairtrade Town status.

Religious sites

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Early church

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Main article: St Laurence's Church, Bradford-on-Avon
 
St Laurence's Church
 
Holy Trinity Church, Bradford-on-Avon

The Saxon church dedicated to Saint Laurence may have been founded by Saint Aldhelm around 705, and could have been a temporary burial site for King Edward the Martyr. It was rediscovered by the Anglican priest, antiquarian and author William Jones in 1856, having been used for secular purposes (apparently becoming a house, a school and part of a factory).

It is suggested that some of the building, containing the blind arcades at a higher level, may belong to a later period[13] while a leaflet available at the church in February 2012 seems to prefer the period 950–1050 for the whole building. The elaborate ornamentation of the exterior consists of pilaster-strips, a broad frieze of two plain string-courses between which is a blind arcade of round-headed arches whose short vertical pilasters have trapezoidal capitals and bases, while on the eastern gable and the corners adjacent there is a series of mouldings as vertical triple semicylinders.[13]

Inside the church, high in the wall above a small chancel arch, are the carved figures of two flying angels, the right-hand figure reportedly "intended to be clothed in transparent drapery ... the legs from the knee downward are depicted as showing through the transparent robe" which is referred to as a "quaint fancy".[14]

Others

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The former town hall which is now the local Catholic church

In addition to the Saxon church, the town has two Church of England churches, two Baptist chapels, a United Church (Methodist and United Reformed Church), a free nonconformist church, a community church, a Quaker (Society of Friends) meeting house and a Roman Catholic church.

Holy Trinity Church is the original parish church, and stands near the town centre by the river. The Grade I listed building is Norman in origin, and it is possible that the chancel was built over the remains of an older church. Several chapels were added on the north side, and the wall in between was later opened up so that the chapels now form the north aisle. A squint, or hagioscope, near the altar is claimed to be England's longest. The tower and spire was built around 1480, replacing an older one, and the south wall was largely rebuilt in the 19th century.[15] The church has a ring of eight bells, with the tenor (heaviest bell) weighing 29 long cwt 2 qr 26 lb (3,330 lb or 1,510 kg).[16]

The other Anglican church, Christ Church, is entirely a Victorian construction.[17] The Catholic church, dedicated to St. Thomas More, occupies a Grade II listed building, dating from 1854, that used to be the town hall.[18]

There is also a Buddhist monastery in the town, under the auspices of the Aukana Trust; it comprises a monastic building each for men and for women, and a meditation hall. There are also workshops, gardens and a library, and the elegant buildings look down upon the town from a hill. The monastery practises the Theravadin tradition of Buddhism, and offers opportunities for both full-time residential and part-time practise and study.[citation needed]

Economy

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A panoramic view of Bradford from the north-west

Bradford-on-Avon was the site of an early factory for rubber products, established at Kingston Mill by Stephen Moulton in 1848 and later named George Spencer, Moulton and Co. The company was acquired by Avon Rubber, a large manufacturer of rubber products for the automotive and other industries, and production continued until 1993.[19] Today, the town is the headquarters of the Alex Moulton bicycle company and has several other small-scale manufacturing enterprises.

The town's main business is shopping, tourism and day-to-day servicing of a population largely made up of families, commuters and the retired.

The town has one mid-sized supermarket, Sainsbury's, on the Elms Cross industrial estate, a short walk from the canal lock, and five convenience stores.[20] Local consumers founded Bradford-on-Avon Co-operative Society in 1861, which, in the 1960s, united with other consumer co-operatives in the district to merge with a national business.[21] A mini outdoor shopping centre of independent shops, Weavers Walk, which describes itself as an "ethical trading centre", is in the town centre.

The town is an increasingly popular location for films, television adaptations and more; it has played host to Wolf Hall, Creation (a 2009 film about the life of Darwin), Robin of Sherwood and a 1972 film adaptation of The Canterbury Tales. In 2016, The White Princess TV series was filmed in the area.[22]

Transport

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Bradford-on-Avon is on the A363 Trowbridge to Bath road, which runs through the town from south to north, and crossed over by the B3109 linking Bradford-on-Avon with Melksham and Frome. All other road routes are minor, affording access to local settlements. Bradford-on-Avon is about 15 miles from junction 18 of the M4 motorway at Bath and the same distance from junction 17 at Chippenham.

Bradford-on-Avon railway station is served by Great Western Railway on the Wessex Main Line and Heart of Wessex Line routes. The line opened in the mid-19th century and was built by the original Great Western Railway. The main station building by Brunel is Grade II listed.[23]

Running parallel to the railway through the town is the Kennet and Avon Canal. The use of this canal declined as the railways grew but it was restored to full working order during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The canal provides a link through to the Avon at Bath in the west, and the Thames at Reading in the east.

Governance

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Bradford-on-Avon civil parish elects a town council with twelve members: six for the North ward and six for the South ward.[24] After the May 2021 elections, there were seven Liberal Democrat and five Ideal Bradford[25] councillors.[24] The town council provides an increasing range of services in the town, building on its historically mostly consultative and ceremonial role. These include provision of youth services, management of significant and growing areas of green space and town facilities, and management of several premises within the town. Members of the council elect one of their number as the town's mayor, for a one-year term.[24] The town council declared a climate emergency in March 2019[26] and has committed to becoming carbon neutral by 2030.[27]

Statutory local government functions – including schools, roads, social services, emergency planning, leisure services, development control, and waste disposal – are carried out by Wiltshire Council, a unitary authority. The North and South wards each elect one member of Wiltshire Council.[28]

For Westminster elections, Bradford-on-Avon is part of the Melksham and Devizes constituency, which was created following a boundary review and first contested at the 2024 general election when it was won by Brian Mathew for the Liberal Democrats.[29] From 2010 to 2024, the town was in the Chippenham constituency.

Education

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The town has a secondary school, St Laurence School, founded in 1980 as a result of the merger of Fitzmaurice Grammar School and Trinity Secondary Modern school.[30] There are two primary schools: in the north of the town is Christ Church CofE (VC) Primary School, established as a National school in 1848 and on its present site since 1956,[31] and in the south is Fitzmaurice Primary School, opened in 1928 as Bradford on Avon Council Junior Mixed and Infants' School.[32]

Media

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Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West and ITV West Country. Television signals are received from the Mendip and the local relay transmitters. [33] [34]

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Wiltshire on 104.3 FM, Heart West on 102.2, Greatest Hits Radio South West on 107.7 FM and West Wilts Radio, a community based radio station that broadcast online. [35]

The Wiltshire Times is the local newspaper that serves the town. [36]

Sport and leisure

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Bradford-on-Avon has a non-League football club, Bradford Town F.C., who play at the Sports and Social Club on Trowbridge Road. In addition to a bowls & croquet club, tennis courts and a swimming pool, there is also the Bradford-on-Avon Rowing Club, catering for rowing and canoeing from their base opposite Barton Farm country park.[37] Bradford on Avon rugby club, whose first team played in Dorset & Wilts 1 North in 2019–20, have their ground at Winsley, just west of the town.[38]

Wiltshire Music Centre is a purpose-built, 300-seat concert hall within the grounds of St Laurence School that attracts internationally renowned musicians.

Notable people

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John Methuen
 
Henry Shrapnel, 1817

Sportspeople

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Jazmin Carlin, 2009

Twin towns

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom

Bradford-on-Avon is twinned with:[63]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Bradford-on-Avon: population statistics". CityPopulation.de. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
  2. ^ "Bradford-on-Avon". www.waterwaysholidays.com. Retrieved 13 May 2020.
  3. ^ "About the Area". bradfordonavon.uk.com. Visit Bradford on Avon. Retrieved 13 May 2020. Bradford on Avon often referred to as Bradford Upon Avon
  4. ^ "Wiltshire Core Strategy – Adopted January 2015" (PDF). Wiltshire Council. pp. 15, 84. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 September 2018.
  5. ^ "Bath & North East Somerset Green Belt Review – Stage 1 Report April 2013 – Green Belt history and policy origins" (PDF). www.bathnes.gov.uk.
  6. ^ a b c Chettle, H. F.; Powell, W. R.; Spalding, P. A.; Tillott, P. M. (1953). "Parishes: Bradford-on-Avon". In Pugh, R. B.; Crittall, Elizabeth (eds.). A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 7. Victoria County History. University of London. pp. 4–51. Retrieved 25 September 2022 – via British History Online.
  7. ^ Historic England. "The Town Bridge and Chapel (1036011)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 August 2006.
  8. ^ Barratt, John (2005). The civil war in the south west. Bernsley: Pen & Sword Military. p. 48. ISBN 1-84415-146-8.
  9. ^ "Bradford on Avon Town Bridge". Bradford on Avon Museum. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  10. ^ Defoe, Daniel (1962). A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain: Vol 1. EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY. p. 281.
  11. ^ Historic England. "Tithe Barn (1364527)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 August 2006.
  12. ^ "The Hall, Bradford on Avon". Alex Moulton Charitable Trust. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
  13. ^ a b Taylor, H M; Taylor, Joan. Anglo-Saxon Architecture, Cambridge University Press, 1980.
  14. ^ Home, Gordon; Foord, Edward. "Bristol, Bath and Malmesbury, with a Short Account of Bradford on Avon" in the series Cathedrals, abbeys and Famous Churches, J.M.Dent, London, 1925
  15. ^ Historic England. "Holy Trinity Church (1364540)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 August 2006.
  16. ^ "Bradford on Avon, Holy Trinity". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  17. ^ Historic England. "Christ Church (1036077)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 August 2006.
  18. ^ Historic England. "Roman Catholic Church of St Thomas More (1364518)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 August 2006.
  19. ^ "George Spencer, Moulton and Co". Grace's Guide. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  20. ^ "Grocers and convenience stores". Yell.com Yellow Pages directory. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
  21. ^ "Listing of co-operatives in the ACDA area". Avon Co-operative Development Agency. Archived from the original on 2 August 2008. Its five shops in Bristol, Stroud, Glastonbury, Totnes and Bradford-on-Avon sell clothes for adults and children
  22. ^ "Bradford on Avon is centre stage for filming of White Princess". Wiltshire Times. Newsquest. 3 September 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016. in the Tithe Barn, near Frome Road, and St Laurence's Church, in Church Street.
  23. ^ Historic England. "North Platform Building (1253088)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
  24. ^ a b c "Your Councillors". Bradford on Avon Town Council. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  25. ^ "Ideal Bradford". Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  26. ^ "Policies". Bradford on Avon Town Council. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  27. ^ "Local Plan rejected by Full Council". Bradford on Avon Town Council. 4 March 2021. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  28. ^ "Your Councillors". Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  29. ^ Moriarty, Jessica (5 July 2024). "'New chapter' for Lib Dems in Wiltshire as they celebrate". Wiltshire Times. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
  30. ^ "St. Laurence School, Bradford on Avon". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  31. ^ "Christ Church Church of England Controlled Primary School, Bradford on Avon". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  32. ^ "Fitzmaurice Primary School, Bradford on Avon". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  33. ^ "Full Freeview on the Mendip (Somerset, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  34. ^ "Freeview Light on the Westwood (Wiltshire, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  35. ^ "West Wilts Radio". Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  36. ^ "Wiltshire Times". British Papers. 19 October 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
  37. ^ "Bradford on Avon Rowing Club (BOARC)". Archived from the original on 1 August 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  38. ^ "Bradford on Avon RFC". Archived from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  39. ^ Rogers, Kenneth (2004). "Paul Methuen". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18630. Retrieved 23 January 2024. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  40. ^ Barker, George Fisher Russell; Doyle, Thomas (reviser) (21 May 2009) [2004]. "Methuen, John (1650–1706), diplomat". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press doi10.1093/ref:odnb/18628. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: Barker, George Fisher Russell (1894). "Methuen, John" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 37. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 310–311
  41. ^ Vetch, Robert Hamilton (1897). "Shrapnel, Henry" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 52. pp. 163–165.
  42. ^ "Shadrach Byfield: the story of a Bradfordian in the War of 1812". Bradford on Avon Museum. 28 March 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  43. ^ "Daniell, John Arthur Helton". Through the Great War. 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021.
  44. ^ MacGregor, Rosie (Autumn 2022). "The life and career of acclaimed Guyanian writer Eric D Walrond, who made his home in Bradford on Avon in the 1940s". Guardian Angel. Bradford on Avon Preservation Trust. p. 6.
  45. ^ Anon (2016). "Moulton, Alexander Eric". Who's Who (online Oxford University Press ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U28352. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  46. ^ Nahum, Andrew (10 December 2012). "Alex Moulton obituary". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  47. ^ "Sir Donald Maitland". Gazette and Herald. 2 September 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  48. ^ Morgan, Charley (26 September 2007). "Actor lands West End role". Wiltshire Times. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  49. ^ Anon (2007). "Scully, Hugh". Who's Who (online Oxford University Press ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U282809. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  50. ^ "My Wiltshire Life – Paul Emsley". Wiltshire Times. 10 May 2007. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  51. ^ "Peter Hammill: The unpublished Do Not Disturb interview". Popgruppen. 27 April 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  52. ^ "A firm feel for life". Wiltshire Times. 22 January 2010. Retrieved 26 September 2022.
  53. ^ Savill, Richard (18 November 2004). "Melanie declared dead 8 years after vanishing from nightclub". The Telegraph. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  54. ^ "Edgar Ford". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  55. ^ "David Constant". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  56. ^ a b c d e f "Bradford Sports". Bradford on Avon Museum. 11 August 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  57. ^ "Paddy Edwards". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  58. ^ "Will Carling, Favourite Briton". Information Britain. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  59. ^ "Fitzroy Simpson". FBREF. 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  60. ^ Yilmaz, Tanya (7 September 2015). "Bradford on Avon's Lewis Moody opens up home to rugby fans for World Cup". Wiltshire Times. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  61. ^ "Bradford on Avon's Hannah Brown wins bronze medal at World Wildwater Championships in France". Wiltshire Times. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2022.
  62. ^ Griffiths, Ros (15 May 2020). "Bradford On Avon's Hannah Brown joins in "Ask the Athlete"". Our community matters: Bradford on Avon. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  63. ^ "Twinning". Bradford on Avon Town Council. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bradford on Avon.
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bradford-on-Avon.
 
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Bradford-on-Avon".
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