The Paramo Frontino salamander (Bolitoglossa hypacra) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae.[3] It is endemic to the Western Ranges of the Colombian Andes (Cordillera Occidental) where it is known from the area of its type locality, Páramo Frontino. It is also known from the Colibri del Sol Bird Reserve near Urrao.[1][4][5] both areas are in the Antioquia Department.[6][4]
| Paramo Frontino salamander | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Plethodontidae |
| Genus: | Bolitoglossa |
| Species: | B. hypacra
|
| Binomial name | |
| Bolitoglossa hypacra | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
| |
Description edit
This species was described based on a single adult female, the holotype, measuring 62–63 mm (2.4–2.5 in) in snout–vent length.[2][7] The tail length is 52 mm (2.0 in). The overall dorsal coloration is dark brown, getting lighter (gray brown) ventrally. There is coarse yellow to yellow-range dorsal speckling, and large, scattered yellow lateral spots, some of them extending onto the venter. The tail is sparsely spotted. The hands and feet are greatly reduced webbing.[2]
Habitat and conservation edit
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland at elevations of 3,600–3,700 m (11,800–12,100 ft) above sea level. The assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) states that the type locality is within the Paramillo National Natural Park,[6] although this does not agree with the definition of Páramo Frontino elsewhere.[8]
References edit
- ^ a b IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2019). "Bolitoglossa hypacra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T59170A85862026. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T59170A85862026.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Brame, A. H. Jr.; Wake, D. B. (1962). "A new plethodontid salamander (genus Magnadigita) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 75: 71–76.
- ^ a b Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Bolitoglossa hypacra (Brame and Wake, 1962)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
- ^ a b Acosta Galvis, A. R.; D. Cuentas (2017). "Bolitoglossa hypacra (Brame & Wake, 1962". Lista de los Anfibios de Colombia V.07.2017.0. www.batrachia.com. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ "Conservation actions for the Páramo del Sol". ProAves. 3 March 2010. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
- ^ a b Castro, F.; Isabel Herrera, M.; Lynch, J. (2009). "Bolitoglossa hypacra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T59170A11893035. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T59170A11893035.en.
- ^ Brame, A. H. Jr.; Wake, David B. (1963). "The salamanders of South America". Contributions in Science. 69. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: 1–72.
- ^ Klinger Braham, William; et al. (December 2012). "Caracterización ecológica y sociocultural del Páramo de Frontiono o del Sol" (PDF). Quibdó, Colombia: Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico "John Von Neumann". Retrieved 23 March 2017.