Blue Water (train)

Route map
	Legend
	319 mi
	513 km
	274 mi
	441 km
	256 mi
	412 km
	238 mi
	383 km
	208 mi
	335 km
	Wolverine
	to Pontiac
	160 mi
	257 km
	138 mi
	222 km
	102 mi
	164 km
	89 mi
	143 km
	62 mi
	100 km
	MI
	IN
	Pere Marquette
	to Grand Rapids
	IN
	IL
	0 mi
	0 km
	Empire Builder and
	Hiawatha
	All stations are accessible
	This diagram: view; talk; edit;

*Blue Water*
	The westbound, double-ended Blue Water approaching Chicago in 2020
Overview
Service type	Inter-city rail, higher-speed rail
Predecessor	International
First service	April 25, 2004
Current operator(s)	Amtrak
Annual ridership	168,848 (FY23) 16.4%
Route
Termini	Chicago, Illinois; Port Huron, Michigan
Stops	11
Distance travelled	319 miles (513 km)
Average journey time	6 hours, 25 minutes (Port Huron to Chicago); 6 hours, 31 minutes(Chicago to Port Huron)
Service frequency	Daily
Train number(s)	364 (eastbound); 365 (westbound)
Technical
Track gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Operating speed	49 mph (79 km/h) (avg.); 110 mph (180 km/h) (top)
Track owner(s)	CN, Amtrak, MDOT, NS
Route map
Route map
	Legend
	319 mi
	513 km
	274 mi
	441 km
	256 mi
	412 km
	238 mi
	383 km
	208 mi
	335 km
	Wolverine
	to Pontiac
	160 mi
	257 km
	138 mi
	222 km
	102 mi
	164 km
	89 mi
	143 km
	62 mi
	100 km
	MI
	IN
	Pere Marquette
	to Grand Rapids
	IN
	IL
	0 mi
	0 km
	Empire Builder and
	Hiawatha
	All stations are accessible
	This diagram: view; talk; edit;

The Blue Water (previously the Blue Water Limited) is a higher-speed passenger train service operated by Amtrak as part of its Michigan Services. The 319-mile (513 km) route runs from Chicago, Illinois, to Port Huron in Michigan's Blue Water Area, for which the train is named. Major stops are in Kalamazoo, Battle Creek, East Lansing, and Flint.

Amtrak began running the Blue Water in 1974^[3] over the Grand Trunk Western Railroad. In 1982 the train was extended from Port Huron to Toronto, Canada, and renamed the International Limited. Service was cut back to the original route in 2004 with the Blue Water name restored.^[3]

History

The Blue Water Limited with a Turboliner trainset at Durand in 1979

The International in 1989

The Lansing area, home of the Michigan state capitol and Michigan State University, was left out of Amtrak's original system. Beginning in 1973, Amtrak and the state discussed restoring service over the Grand Trunk Western Railway within the state, although the new route would join Amtrak's other Michigan trains on the Penn Central west of Battle Creek, Michigan, eschewing the Grand Trunk's traditional route to Chicago. New stations were built in Port Huron and East Lansing, and the state spent $1 million on track rehabilitation (equivalent to $6.18 million in 2023 adjusted for inflation). Service began September 13, 1974, between Chicago and Port Huron, with the intention of eventually restoring the Port Huron–Toronto leg.^[4]^{: 204–204}^[5]^[6]

Amtrak renamed the train the Blue Water Limited on October 26, 1975, and re-equipped it with French-built Turboliner trainsets on May 20, 1976. The new Turboliners were capable of, but never reached, 125 mph (201 km/h) and ran with fixed five-car consists with an overall capacity of 292 passengers. The Turboliners were withdrawn on October 25, 1981, replaced by conventional locomotives pulling Amfleet coaches.^[4]^{: 204, 208}

The long-discussed extension to Toronto finally occurred on October 31, 1982. The extended service received the name International Limited, the name of an old Canadian National/Grand Trunk Chicago–Port Huron–Montreal train (1900–1907, 1919–1971). Amtrak and Via Rail, the independent Canadian Crown corporation rail company, jointly operated the International Limited (later just International) until April 25, 2004, when cross-border service was discontinued. Massive border delays post-September 11 led to falling ridership; Amtrak and Michigan agreed to truncate service at Port Huron and bring back the old Blue Water.^[4]^: 207 On the Canadian side service ends at Sarnia as part of the Via Rail's Corridor route.

With a more favorable intrastate schedule and fewer delays, the Blue Water's ridership showed immediate improvements, carrying 94,378 passengers in fiscal year 2004 (compared to 80,890 in FY 2003).^[4]^: 208 Blue Water ridership in FY 2011 totaled 187,065, an increase of 18.0 percent from FY 2010's total of 157,709, and the highest total ever recorded by the train.^[7] During FY 2011, the train had a total revenue of $5.8 million, a 22.3 percent increase from FY 2010's total of $4.7 million.^[7]

The Detroit–Chicago corridor has been designated by the Federal Railroad Administration as a high-speed rail corridor.^[8] A 97-mile (156 km) stretch along the route of Blue Water from Porter, Indiana to Kalamazoo, Michigan is the longest segment of track owned by Amtrak outside of the Northeast Corridor.^[8] Amtrak began speed increases along this stretch in January 2002. Ultimately, speed increased to 110 mph (180 km/h).^[8]^[9]

Route details

The Blue Water operates over Norfolk Southern Railway, Amtrak, and Grand Trunk Western Railroad trackage:

NS Chicago Line, Chicago to Porter, Indiana
Amtrak Chicago–Detroit Line, Porter, Indiana, to Kalamazoo, Michigan
MDOT Michigan Line, Kalamazoo, Michigan, to Battle Creek, Michigan^[10]
CN/GTW Flint Subdivision, Battle Creek, Michigan, to Port Huron, Michigan

Geographic route map

Station stops

State	Town/City	Station	Connections
Illinois	Chicago	Chicago	Amtrak (long-distance): California Zephyr, Capitol Limited, Cardinal, City of New Orleans, Empire Builder, Lake Shore Limited, Southwest Chief, Texas Eagle Amtrak (intercity): Borealis, Hiawatha, Illini and Saluki, Illinois Zephyr and Carl Sandburg, Lincoln Service, Pere Marquette, Wolverine Metra: ■ BNSF, ■ Milwaukee District North, ■ Milwaukee District West, ■ North Central Service, ■ Heritage Corridor, ■ SouthWest Service Chicago "L": Blue (at Clinton), Brown Orange Pink Purple (at Quincy) CTA Bus, Pace Bus Megabus
Michigan	New Buffalo	New Buffalo	Amtrak: Wolverine Berrien Bus
	Niles	Niles	Amtrak: Wolverine Niles Dial-A-Ride (DART)
	Dowagiac	Dowagiac	Amtrak: Wolverine Dowagiac Dial-A-Ride (DART)
	Kalamazoo	Kalamazoo	Amtrak: Wolverine Metro Transit Intercity bus: Greyhound, Indian Trails
	Battle Creek	Battle Creek	Amtrak: Wolverine, Amtrak Thruway Battle Creek Transit Greyhound
	East Lansing	East Lansing	Amtrak: Amtrak Thruway Capital Area Transportation Authority Intercity bus: Greyhound, Indian Trails
	Durand	Durand	Shiawassee Area Transportation Agency
	Flint	Flint	Amtrak: Amtrak Thruway MTA Bus Intercity bus: Greyhound, Indian Trails
	Lapeer	Lapeer	Greater Lapeer Transportation Authority (GLTA)
	Port Huron	Port Huron	Blue Water Area Transit

Consist

A typical Amtrak Blue Water consists of:^[11]

2 GE Genesis P40DC/P42DC or Siemens SC-44 Charger locomotives
Five or six Horizon Fleet or Amfleet I coaches
One or two Horizon Fleet or Amfleet I cafe/business cars

References

^ "Amtrak Fiscal Year 2023 Ridership" (PDF). Amtrak. November 27, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
^ ^a ^b "Amtrak Timetable Results". www.amtrak.com. Retrieved December 20, 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Michigan's Railroad History 1825 - 2014" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. October 13, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sanders, Craig (2006). Amtrak in the Heartland. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34705-3.
^ Port Huron-Chicago Inaugural September 13 Amtrak News September 1, 1974, page 4
^ Michigan's Blue Water Chicago-Port Huron Inaugural Sep 13 Amtrak News October 1, 1974, pages 4/5
^ ^a ^b "Amtrak reports record Michigan ridership". The Grand Rapids Press. October 14, 2011. Retrieved October 16, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2005" (PDF). Amtrak. Retrieved October 30, 2006.
^ "Michigan: Amtrak taking service to new speeds". WNDU-TV. Archived from the original on November 12, 2004. Retrieved November 1, 2006.
^ Kalamazoo Gazette file photo (October 11, 2011). "Details emerging on MDOT purchase of train track from Kalamazoo to Dearborn". MLive. Booth Newspapers. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
^ "Blue Water". TrainWeb. Retrieved October 22, 2010.

Notes

^ Amtrak's Fiscal Year (FY) runs from October 1 of the prior year to September 30 of the named year.

External links

KML file (edit • help)

Template:Attached KML/Blue Water (train)

KML is from Wikidata

[AmtrakRouteRidership-2] "Amtrak Fiscal Year 2023 Ridership" (PDF). Amtrak. November 27, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.

[Amtrak_Timetable_Results-3] "Amtrak Timetable Results". www.amtrak.com. Retrieved December 20, 2021.

[:0-4] "Michigan's Railroad History 1825 - 2014" (PDF). Michigan Department of Transportation. October 13, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2024.

[sanders-5] Sanders, Craig (2006). Amtrak in the Heartland. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34705-3.

[6] Port Huron-Chicago Inaugural September 13 Amtrak News September 1, 1974, page 4

[7] Michigan's Blue Water Chicago-Port Huron Inaugural Sep 13 Amtrak News October 1, 1974, pages 4/5

[FY2011-8] "Amtrak reports record Michigan ridership". The Grand Rapids Press. October 14, 2011. Retrieved October 16, 2011.

[MICHIGAN05-9] "Amtrak Fact Sheet, Fiscal Year 2005" (PDF). Amtrak. Retrieved October 30, 2006.

[WNDU_2002-10] "Michigan: Amtrak taking service to new speeds". WNDU-TV. Archived from the original on November 12, 2004. Retrieved November 1, 2006.

[11] Kalamazoo Gazette file photo (October 11, 2011). "Details emerging on MDOT purchase of train track from Kalamazoo to Dearborn". MLive. Booth Newspapers. Retrieved January 26, 2014.

[12] "Blue Water". TrainWeb. Retrieved October 22, 2010.

[FY_Note-1] Amtrak's Fiscal Year (FY) runs from October 1 of the prior year to September 30 of the named year.

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