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Bidya Devi Bhandari

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Bidya Devi Bhandari (Nepali: विद्यादेवी भण्डारी, pronounced [bid̚djadebi bʱʌɳɖaɾi]; born 19 June 1961) is a Nepali former politician who served as the second president of Nepal from 2015 to 2023. She formerly served as the minister of defence and minister of environment and population.

Bidya Devi Bhandari
विद्यादेवी भण्डारी
Bhandari in 2019
2nd President of Nepal
In office
29 October 2015 – 13 March 2023
Prime MinisterKP Sharma Oli
Sher Bahadur Deuba
Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Vice PresidentParmanand Jha
Nanda Kishor Pun
Deputy Prime Ministers
Preceded byRam Baran Yadav
Succeeded byRam Chandra Poudel
Minister of Defence
In office
25 May 2009 – 6 February 2011
PresidentRam Baran Yadav
Prime MinisterMadhav Kumar Nepal
Preceded byRam Bahadur Thapa
Succeeded byBijay Kumar Gachhadar
Minister for Environment and Population
In office
25 March 1997 – 7 October 1997
MonarchKing Birendra
Prime MinisterLokendra Bahadur Chand
Member of the House of Representatives
In office
November 1994 – April 2008
Preceded byDaman Nath Dhungana
Succeeded byJhakku Prasad Subedi
ConstituencyKathmandu–2
In office
January 1994 – August 1994
Preceded byMadan Bhandari
Succeeded byMan Mohan Adhikari
ConstituencyKathmandu–1
Member of the Constituent Assembly / Legislature Parliament
In office
28 May 2008 – 28 October 2015
ConstituencyParty list
Personal details
Born
Bidya Pandey

(1961-06-19) 19 June 1961 (age 63)
Mane Bhanjyang, Bhojpur, Kingdom of Nepal
(present day Mane Bhanjyang, Ramprasadrai Rural Municipality, Bhojpur, Koshi Province, Nepal
Political partyCommunist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)[1] (until 2015)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1982; died 1993)​
Children2
Parent(s)Ram Bahadur Pandey (father)
Mithila Pandey (mother)
EducationBidhdhodaya Higher Secondary School, Bhojpur
Alma materTribhuvan University (BA)

She is the first woman to hold the presidential office in the country.[2][3] She served as the vice-chairperson of the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) and was the chair of the All Nepal Women's Association before being elected president.[4][5][6] Bhandari previously served as the Minister of Defence, the first woman to hold the office, from 2009 to 2011.[7][8][9] She also served as the Minister of Environment and Population in 1997, and has been an active campaigner for environmental awareness and women's rights in Nepal.[10] In June 2017, she visited the headquarters of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in Gland, Switzerland and met with the director general Inger Andersen to discuss enhanced collaboration on nature conservation and sustainable development.[11] In 2016, Forbes placed her at number 52 on its list of the world's 100 most powerful women. She was dropped off the list in 2017.[5]

Early life

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Bhandari was born on 19 June 1961 in Mane Bhanjyang, Bhojpur, to Ram Bahadur Pandey and Mithila Pandey.[12] She completed her school level education in Bhojpur and pursued her higher education in Biratnagar, Morang. Her political career began with membership of a leftist student union. She joined the Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) in 1980.[13]

Political career

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Meeting with the BIMSTEC leaders in Kathmandu, Nepal on August 30, 2018

Bhandari was active in politics from an early age. According to the details provided by the CPN (UML), Bhandari joined politics as an activist of the Youth League of CPN (ML) in 1978, from Bhojpur.[14] She played a role as an in-charge for Eastern Zone Committee of ANNFSU from 1979 to 1987. Her active political journey, however, started when she received party membership from the CPN (ML) in 1980. After completing her school level study, Bhandari was enrolled in Mahendra Morang Adarsha Multiple Campus where she was elected treasurer of the students' union. Also, she played a pivotal role as chairperson of the women's wing of GEFONT from 1993 until being elected a central committee member of the CPN (UML) in 1997.

Bhandari was first elected to the parliament in a by-election in January 1994, caused by the death of her husband, the sitting member from Kathmandu–1, where she defeated former prime minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai. In the 1994 general election, she was elected from Kathmandu–2, defeating house speaker Daman Nath Dhungana.[15] She served as the Minister for Environment and Population in a coalition government led by prime minister Lokendra Bahadur Chand in 1997. She was re-elected from Kathmandu–2 in the 1999 general election. However, she was defeated in the 2008 Constituent Assembly poll, and was later nominated under the proportional electoral system. She served as the Minister of Defence in the cabinet of prime minister Madhav Kumar Nepal. She was re-elected under the proportional electoral system in the 2013 elections. Her influence in the party remained dominant when she was elected as vice-chairperson of the CPN (UML) in its eighth general convention held in Butwal.[16] Bhandari, who was re-elected vice-chairperson in the party's next general convention, is considered a close confidante to party chairman and prime minister KP Sharma Oli.

After the promulgation of the new constitution in 2015, Bhandari was elected president by an indirect election held in the parliament on 28 October 2015. She defeated Nepali Congress' Kul Bahadur Gurung, receiving 327 votes against Gurung's 214 votes. She thus became Nepal's second president and first female head of state. She was re-elected in 2018, defeating Congress' Kumari Laxmi Rai.

Controversies

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Bhandari has been accused of taking a partisan stance since she was elected president. She held onto the National Assembly election ordinance delaying the formation of the government after the 2017 legislative elections. She also held the nomination of three members to National Assembly sent by the outgoing Deuba government but immediately approved the nominations sent in by the incoming Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli.[17] Bhandari passed the ordinance brought for citizenship brought upon by KP Sharma Oli government which was finally denied by Supreme Court to be a matter requiring discussion in parliament.[18][19] After it came being approved by majority from parliament by Deuba cabinet it was denied by her.[20] Bhandari has been accused of taking a partisan stance when she approved both the decisions of cabinet to dissolve the House of Representatives against the Constitution of Nepal. She did not appoint Sher Bahadur Deuba as Prime Minister of Nepal, although showing majority signature present in House. Instead she dissolved parliament supporting KP Sharma Oli. The decision was challenged by the Supreme Court of Nepal, along with signature of majority (146) MPs.[21] On 12 July 2021, the Supreme Court stated the decision of parliament dissolution by Bhandari was unlawful.[22] Similarly, it ordered to appoint Deuba as the next prime minister of Nepal citing article 76(5) of the Constitution of Nepal within 28 hours. It stated that the decision made by Bhandari was against the norms of the constitution. This was celebrated by the then opposition alliance led by the Nepali Congress, including allies CPN (Maoist Centre) and Janata Samajbadi Party.[23]

On 13 July 2021, Bhandari appointed Deuba as prime minister without including any article of Constitution and stating as per the order of Court. This created cold dispute and people alleged Bhandari of forgetting her limits and being tilted to Oli. After Deuba denied to take oath as per the appointment letter, it was changed and stated that Deuba was made prime minister in accordance with article 76(5) marking Deuba's fifth term as prime minister.[24]

On February 10, 2023, a doctor was beaten up by Nepal police while returning home after finishing work, accusing him of being unable to travel during the president's motorcade, which reminded him of the history of dictatorial Rana rules.[25][26]

Personal life

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Bidya Devi Bhandari was born on 19 June 1961 in Manebhanjyang, Nepal. Bhandari was married to Madan Bhandari, a popular Nepalese communist leader, who died in a car accident near Dasdhunga, Chitwan in 1993. The couple had two daughters, Usha Kiran Bhandari and Nisha Kusum Bhandari. She is also related to Nepali Congress leader Gyanendra Bahadur Karki.[27]

References

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  1. ^ "Profile of Right Honourable President Bidya Devi Bhandari". Office of the President of Nepal. Retrieved 10 December 2022.
  2. ^ "Nepal gets first woman President". The Hindu. 28 October 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  3. ^ "Bidya Devi Bhandari elected first woman President of Nepal". Kantipur News. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  4. ^ "Who is Bidya Devi Bhandari?". Himalayan News. 28 October 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Bidya Devi Bhandari". Forbes. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  6. ^ "The Himalayan Times: Oli elected UML chairman mixed results in other posts – Detail News: Nepal News Portal". The Himalayan Times. 15 July 2014. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
  7. ^ "Nepali Times | The Brief » Blog Archive » Enemies within". nepalitimes.com. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  8. ^ "Women of Nepal". wwj.org.np. Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  9. ^ "Related News | Bidya Bhandari". ekantipur.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  10. ^ "Who is Bidya Devi Bhandari? What are the 10 things you need to know about her?".
  11. ^ "President of Nepal visits IUCN to strengthen future collaboration". 16 June 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2018.
  12. ^ "Nepal gets first female head of state". Setopati. Archived from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  13. ^ "Who is Bidya Devi Bhandari? What are the 10 things you need to know about her?". Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  14. ^ "Who is Bidya Devi Bhandari? What are the 10 things you need to know about her?". Indiatoday.in. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  15. ^ "Bidhya Bhandari- probable first female President of Nepal". One Click Nepal. 26 October 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  16. ^ "Bidhya Devi Bhandari elected first female president". My Republica News. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  17. ^ Rai, Om Astha (13 March 2018). "President Bhandari again". Nepali Times. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  18. ^ diwakar (23 May 2021). "Govt issues citizenship ordinance to spark another controversy - OnlineKhabar English News". Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  19. ^ "Oli attempts to use citizenship ordinance for his political gains". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  20. ^ "President sends bill to amend Citizenship Act back to Parliament for review". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  21. ^ "Nepal SC orders to appoint Sher Bahadur Deuba as PM within next 28 hours". Hindustan Times. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  22. ^ रातोपाटी. "संवैधानिक इजलासले भन्यो- राष्ट्रपतिको निर्णय संविधान र ऐन प्रतिकुल". RatoPati (in Nepali). Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  23. ^ "Sher Bahadur Deuba: Nepal's Supreme Court orders appointment of Sher Bahadur Deuba as Prime Minister". The Times of India. 12 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  24. ^ "After brief delay, Sher Bahadur Deuba takes oath as Nepal's PM for fifth time". Hindustan Times. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
  25. ^ "सवारीमा कुटिएका डाक्टरको बयान : फिल्मी स्टाइलमा कठालो समातेर हान्यो".
  26. ^ "ट्रमा सेन्टरमा कार्यरत डाक्टरलाई कुट्ने प्रहरी निलम्बित".
  27. ^ "First female president of Nepal-Biography of Bidhya Bhandari". 26 October 2015.

28.^https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/president-confers-different-decorations-258-people

29.^https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/amp/lust-for-luxury/news.html.twig

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House of Representatives of Nepal
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Kathmandu 1
1994 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Kathmandu 2
1994–2008 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Defence
2009–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Nepal
2015–2023 		Succeeded by
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