Bayfield is a city in Bayfield County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 584 at the 2020 census.[3] This makes it the city with the smallest population in Wisconsin. In fact, for a new city to be incorporated today, state regulations require a population of at least 1,000 residents, so it would have to be incorporated as a village instead.[4]
Bayfield | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Bayfield from the harbor | |
 Location of Bayfield in Bayfield County, Wisconsin. | |
  Bayfield Location within the state of Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 46°48.7′N 90°49.2′W / 46.8117°N 90.8200°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Bayfield |
| Area | |
| • Total | 0.86 sq mi (2.23 km2) |
| • Land | 0.86 sq mi (2.23 km2) |
| • Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 830 ft (253 m) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 584 |
| • Density | 678.3/sq mi (261.9/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 54814 |
| Area codes | 715 and 534 |
| FIPS code | 55-05350 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1582764[2] |
| Public Transit | Bay Area Rural Transit |
| Website | cityofbayfield |
Wisconsin Highway 13 serves as a main route in the community. It is a former county seat, lumbering town, and commercial fishing community, which today is a tourist and resort destination. There are many restaurants, hotels, bed & breakfast establishments, specialty shops, and marine services. The local Chamber of Commerce refers to Bayfield as the "Gateway to the Apostle Islands".[5]
History
editBayfield was named in 1856 for Henry Bayfield, a British Royal Topographic Engineer who explored the region in 1822–23.[6][7] A post office has been in operation at Bayfield since 1856.[8]
The first Catholic church was built in Bayfield in 1860, with the Franciscans following in 1878. Mass was held in the English and Ojibwe languages. In 1879, the Sisters of St. Francis of Mary Immaculate established an Indian residential school in Bayfield at the request of the Franciscan pastor.[9] Bayfield Mission Boarding and Day School, also known as Holy Family Mission School, included students from the Fond du Lac Band Chippewa and the Saulteaux Ojibwe.[10] In an 1889 report the school's superintendent said that his goals for the school were "civilizing the children and entirely abolishing the use of the Chippewa language."[11] The school operated until 1999.[10]
Geography
editBayfield is located at 46°48.7′N 90°49.2′W / 46.8117°N 90.8200°W (46.8115, -90.8203).[12]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.87 square miles (2.25 km2), of which, 0.86 square miles (2.23 km2) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2) is water.[13]
Bayfield is the main gateway to the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, a group of 21 islands in Lake Superior. Madeline Island is the largest of the Apostle Islands and the only one not in the National Lakeshore. A ferry to Madeline Island links Bayfield with La Pointe, Wisconsin, a community on the island.
Climate
edit| Climate data for Bayfield 6 N, Wisconsin (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–2005) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 57 (14) |
61 (16) |
83 (28) |
89 (32) |
95 (35) |
98 (37) |
104 (40) |
99 (37) |
99 (37) |
88 (31) |
76 (24) |
61 (16) |
104 (40) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 21.7 (−5.7) |
26.2 (−3.2) |
37.0 (2.8) |
49.0 (9.4) |
62.8 (17.1) |
71.3 (21.8) |
76.9 (24.9) |
75.5 (24.2) |
67.5 (19.7) |
54.0 (12.2) |
39.6 (4.2) |
27.6 (−2.4) |
50.8 (10.4) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 14.4 (−9.8) |
17.2 (−8.2) |
27.5 (−2.5) |
39.6 (4.2) |
51.7 (10.9) |
60.2 (15.7) |
66.4 (19.1) |
65.9 (18.8) |
57.9 (14.4) |
46.0 (7.8) |
32.6 (0.3) |
21.0 (−6.1) |
41.7 (5.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 7.2 (−13.8) |
8.2 (−13.2) |
17.9 (−7.8) |
30.2 (−1.0) |
40.5 (4.7) |
49.1 (9.5) |
56.0 (13.3) |
56.3 (13.5) |
48.4 (9.1) |
38.0 (3.3) |
25.5 (−3.6) |
14.5 (−9.7) |
32.6 (0.3) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −34 (−37) |
−34 (−37) |
−25 (−32) |
2 (−17) |
17 (−8) |
25 (−4) |
36 (2) |
34 (1) |
27 (−3) |
15 (−9) |
−13 (−25) |
−24 (−31) |
−34 (−37) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.70 (43) |
1.12 (28) |
1.61 (41) |
3.08 (78) |
3.49 (89) |
3.34 (85) |
4.11 (104) |
3.64 (92) |
3.69 (94) |
3.15 (80) |
2.44 (62) |
1.92 (49) |
33.29 (846) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 29.5 (75) |
15.8 (40) |
14.6 (37) |
5.1 (13) |
0.8 (2.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.0 (2.5) |
13.3 (34) |
26.2 (67) |
106.3 (270) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 17.5 | 11.4 | 11.8 | 11.0 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 14.1 | 11.2 | 14.3 | 12.8 | 11.9 | 14.2 | 153.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 19.8 | 12.4 | 9.9 | 4.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 71.7 |
| Source: NOAA[14][15] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 495 | — | |
| 1890 | 1,373 | 177.4% | |
| 1900 | 1,689 | 23.0% | |
| 1920 | 1,441 | — | |
| 1930 | 1,195 | −17.1% | |
| 1940 | 1,212 | 1.4% | |
| 1950 | 1,153 | −4.9% | |
| 1960 | 969 | −16.0% | |
| 1970 | 874 | −9.8% | |
| 1980 | 778 | −11.0% | |
| 1990 | 686 | −11.8% | |
| 2000 | 611 | −10.9% | |
| 2010 | 487 | −20.3% | |
| 2020 | 584 | 19.9% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[16][3] | |||
2020 census
editAs of the census of 2020,[3] the population was 584. The population density was 678.3 inhabitants per square mile (261.9/km2). There were 458 housing units at an average density of 531.9 per square mile (205.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 80.1% White, 11.0% Native American, 0.7% Black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 7.5% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 1.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race.
2010 census
editAt the 2010 census there were 487 people in 261 households, including 130 families, in the city. The population density was 566.3 inhabitants per square mile (218.6/km2). There were 482 housing units at an average density of 560.5 per square mile (216.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 77.8% White, 0.2% African American, 14.8% Native American, 1.0% Asian, and 6.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8%.[17]
Of the 261 households, 16.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.5% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.2% were non-families. 44.1% of households were one person and 18.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 1.87 and the average family size was 2.58.
The median age was 53.2 years. 15.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 3.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.6% were from 25 to 44; 36% were from 45 to 64; 26.9% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.
2000 census
editAt the 2000 census there were 611 people in 289 households, including 167 families, in the city. The population density was 703.3 people per square mile (271.2/km2). There were 403 housing units at an average density of 463.8 per square mile (178.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 76.92% White, 0.65% Black or African American, 15.22% Native American, 1.31% from other races, and 5.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.49%.[18] 10.5% were of American, 10.1% German, 9.4% Norwegian, 8.1% Irish, 7.4% Swedish and 5.4% English ancestry according to Census 2000.
Of the 289 households, 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.2% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 41.9% were non-families. 35.6% of households were one person and 15.9% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.10 and the average family size was 2.64.
The age distribution was 20.9% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 21.4% from 25 to 44, 33.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% 65 or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.8 males.
The median household income was $32,266 and the median family income was $36,500. Males had a median income of $34,375 versus $25,875 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,377. About 10.5% of families and 11.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.5% of those under age 18 and 4.6% of those age 65 or over.
Arts and culture
edit
The city of Bayfield is known in the Anishinaabe language as Oshki-oodena ("New-town"), as opposed to Superior, Wisconsin, which is known as Gete-oodena ("Old-town"), in reference to the Ojibwa migration.
The Bayfield Maritime Museum and Bayfield Heritage Museum are the city's two museums. There are several art galleries. Nearby is the 950 seats all-canvas tent theater known as Big Top Chautauqua which during its summer season has hosted such entertainers as Willie Nelson and Lyle Lovett.[19]
Bayfield's annual Apple Fest draws about 60,000 visitors during the first weekend in October. Popular summertime events include the Bayfield Race Week regatta, held during the week of the 4th of July, and the Festival of Arts and Gallery Tour, which takes place the third weekend of July. It features artists from across the midwest, along with tours and demos at a diverse array of local galleries.
Recreation
edit
The Apostle Islands Sled Dog Race takes place the first weekend of February. It is the largest sled dog race in the Midwest, with between 50 and 75 teams competing annually.[20]
Transportation
editBus service to the community is provided by Bay Area Rural Transit.
Local media
editBayfield receives three radio stations from Ashland; WATW, WBSZ and WJJH. Television stations come from the Duluth–Superior market; KDLH, KBJR, WDSE and WDIO.
Gallery
edit-
The headquarters of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, in Bayfield, is actually made out of rock quarried from the islands before they were made a park -
Downtown Bayfield -
Rittenhouse Inn -
City hall -
Bayfield Marina -
Bayfield sign -
Bayfield, Wisconsin seen from the harbor -
Bayfield in winter
Notable people
edit- Laurie E. Carlson, Wisconsin State Representative, 1937–42, born in Bayfield
- Norris J. Nelson, Los Angeles City Council member, 1939–43, born in Bayfield
- Nathan Van Cleave, Composer for Television, including "The Twilight Zone," born in Bayfield
- Lou Alta Melton (1895 – 1974), an American civil engineer and bridge engineer
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on October 9, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Bayfield, Wisconsin
- ^ a b c d "2020 Decennial Census: Bayfield city, Wisconsin". data.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 1, 2024. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
- ^ Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau (2015). "Framework of Government" (PDF). State of Wisconsin 2015–2016 Blue Book. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. pp. 227–36. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 20, 2015. Retrieved November 28, 2015.
- ^ "Apostle Islands National Lakeshore". bayfield.org. Bayfield Chamber & Visitor Bureau. Archived from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
- ^ Eckert, Kathryn Bishop (2000). The sandstone architecture of the Lake Superior region. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8143-2807-1. Archived from the original on January 16, 2023. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Chicago and North Western Railway Company (1908). A History of the Origin of the Place Names Connected with the Chicago & North Western and Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railways. p. 168.
- ^ "Bayfield County". Jim Forte Postal History. Archived from the original on April 6, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
- ^ "Bayfield Parish History - Overview". Diocese of Superior. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
- ^ a b "Vol. II Appendix B School Profiles". www.doi.gov. July 24, 2024. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ Volpenhein, Sarah. "Wisconsin had at least 11 Native American boarding schools. Here's what to know about them". Journal Sentinel. Retrieved July 31, 2024.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
- ^ "Station: Bayfield 6 N, WI". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
- ^ "Monthly Highest Max Temperature and Monthly Lowest Min Temperature for Bayfield 6 N, WI". Applied Climate Information System. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Big Top Chautauqua". Archived from the original on April 14, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
- ^ "Apostle Islands Sled Dog Race set for Feb. 3-4". Bayfield County Journal. January 25, 2018. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved January 28, 2018.
External links
edit- City of Bayfield
- Bayfield Chamber of Commerce
- Sanborn fire insurance maps: 1886 1892 1898 1904 1911