Wikipedia

Bangladesh protests (2022–2024)

(Redirected from Bangladesh protests (2022–24))
For the most recent anti-government protests that overthrew Sheikh Hasina, see Non-cooperation movement (2024).

The Bangladesh protests of 2022–24 was a series of protests against the government of Sheikh Hasina between 2022 and 2024. Anti-government protests broke out in Bangladesh on 10 December 2022.[2] The protests were initiated by the Bangladeshi opposition, which vowed to continue protests despite autocratic crackdown. The protests remained low-level, with some vandalisation occurring in November and December 2023. Later in July 2024, it accelerated to the quota reform movement and finally the non-cooperation movement, leading to Hasina fleeing the country after resigning.

Bangladesh protests
Victory march by protesters after the resignation of Sheikh Hasina in 2024
Date10 December 2022 – 5 August 2024
(1 year, 7 months and 26 days)
Initial phase: 10 December 2022 – January 2024
(1 year and 1 month)
2024 Quota reform movement: 5 June – 3 August 2024
(1 month and 29 days)
Non-cooperation movement: 4–5 August 2024
(1 day)
Location
Bangladesh
Caused byMultiple reasons:
GoalsResignation of Sheikh Hasina government (mainly)
MethodsDemonstration, strike, sit-in, occupation, blockade, internet activism, vandalism, arson
Resulted inProtesters' victory
  • Sheikh Hasina has resigned and fled to India
Casualties
Death(s)~1,236+[1]
Injuries~20,000+

In December 2022, tens of thousands marched in Dhaka demanding the resignation of Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina.[3] The protests were linked to rising commodity costs and inflation as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. More violence escalated during October and November 2023, resulting in the deaths of two people.

In 2024, the Supreme Court announced that reinstated the pre-2018 quota system in government jobs, triggering the massive protests due to limited opportunity based on merit. Violent suppression angered the public further, resulting in thousands more casualities and hundreds killed. This lasted until the overthrow of Sheikh Hasina government.

Events

edit

On 8 December 2022, hundreds were arrested, and one protester was reported killed by police.[4]

In January 2023, the opposition rallied in Dhaka.[5]

On 28 October 2023, two people were killed and dozens were injured in anti-government protests in Dhaka.[6] Protests also occurred in Kishoreganj District.[7] One policeman was reported beaten to death by a mob.[8] Four people have been killed and more than 5,330 people arrested since the election was announced on 15 November 2023.[9]

2024

edit

Quota Reform Movement

edit
This section is an excerpt from 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement.[edit]


The 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement was an anti-government[a] and pro-democracy[b] protest in Bangladesh, spearheaded primarily by university students. Initially focused on restructuring discriminatory traditional and quota-based systems for government job recruitment, the movement expanded against what many perceive as an authoritarian government when hundreds of protestors and civilians, most of whom were students, were killed.[c] The majority of the fatalities were caused by gunshots fired by the police and other government forces, using lethal and deadly weapons,[23] against unarmed protestors and non-protesting civilians, including children and pedestrians.[d]

The protest began in June 2024, in response to the Supreme Court of Bangladesh reinstating a 30% quota for descendants of freedom fighters, reversing the government decision made in response to the 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement. Students began to feel like they have a limited opportunity based on merit. The protest, which initially began as a response to the reestablished quota system for government jobs, quickly spread throughout the entire country because of the government's violent response, as well as growing public dissatisfaction against an oppressive government. The situation was further complicated by many other ongoing issues, like the government's inability to manage a prolonged economic downturn, reports of rampant corruption and human rights violations, and the absence of democratic channels for initiating changes.[28][29][30][31]

The government sought to suppress the protests by shutting down all educational institutions. They deployed their student wing, the Chhatra League, along with other factions of the Awami League party, such as the Jubo League and the Swechasebak League. These groups resorted to using firearms and sharp weapons against the demonstrators.[e] The government then deployed Police, Rapid Action Battalion, border guards and Bangladesh Military, declaring a nationwide shoot-at-sight curfew[f] amid an unprecedented government-ordered nationwide internet and mobile connectivity blackout that effectively isolated Bangladesh from the rest of the world.[g] Later, the government also blocked social media in Bangladesh, including Facebook, TikTok, and WhatsApp.[40] As of August 2, there were confirmed 215 deaths and more than 20,000 others injured,[41][42] accompanied by more than 11,000 arrests in various parts of the country.[h] The unofficial death toll is between 300 and 500.[47] UNICEF reported that at least 32 children were killed during July's protests, with many more injured and detained.[48][49] Determining the exact number of deaths has been difficult because the government reportedly restricted hospitals from sharing information with the media without police permission, hospital CCTV footage was confiscated, and numerous individuals with gunshot wounds were buried without identification.[50][51][52]

The Awami League government and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina have suggested that political opponents have co-opted the protest.[53][54] As of August 2024, the movement remains ongoing as it has expanded its demands to include accountability for violence, a ban on the student wing of the government Chhatra League, and resignation of certain government officials,[55] including the resignation of Prime Minister Hasina.[56] The government's ongoing use of widespread violence against the general public has turned the student protest into a people's uprising known as the non-cooperation movement. The movement calls for nationwide civil disobedience and for Hasina and her cabinet to step down and take responsibility for the deaths. Despite this, the government denied that any protestors were killed by its security forces.[i]

On 3 August, as a last resort to quell the protests, Sheikh Hasina proposed peaceful talks with the protesters, stating that her office was open and expressing a desire to "sit with the quota protesters and listen to them." However, central coordinator Nahid Islam announced that the protesters had no plans to negotiate with the government due to having endured torture while in police custody and having resorted to a hunger strike while detained by police and the Detective Branch. Asif Mahmud, another coordinator of the Anti-Discrimination Student Movement, stated, "There is no dialogue with bullets and terrorism."[61] This marked the end of the movement.

On 4 August, thousands of protesters convened at Dhaka's Shahbag intersection in the morning, obstructing it as a form of civil disobedience to demand the resignation of the government.[62] This was followed by hundreds of casualties.[63] On next day, the protesters called for the Long March to Dhaka in defiance of a nationwide curfew to press Sheikh Hasina to resign.[64]

One Point Movement

edit
This section is an excerpt from Non-cooperation movement (2024).[edit]
 
People cheering in front of the prime minister's office after Sheikh Hasina's resignation

The non-cooperation movement,[j] also known as the one-point movement,[k] was a protest against the government of Bangladesh, initiated within the framework of the 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement. The sole demand of this movement was the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her cabinet.[65][66]

Although initially limited to the goal of reforming quotas in government jobs, the movement snowballed into a mass anti-government uprising after the deaths of several protesters. The movement was also fueled by ongoing socio-economic and political issues, including the government's mismanagement of the national economy, rampant corruption by government officials, human rights violations, allegations of undermining the country's sovereignty by Sheikh Hasina, and increasing authoritarianism and democratic backsliding.[67][68][69][70][71]

On 3 August 2024, coordinators of the Anti-discrimination Students Movement announced a one-point demand for the resignation of the Prime Minister and her cabinet and called for "comprehensive non-cooperation".[72][73] The following day, violent clashes broke out, resulting in the deaths of 97 people, including students. The coordinators called for a long march to Dhaka to force Hasina out of power on 5 August. That day, a large crowd of protesters made its way through the capital.[74] At 2:30 p.m. BST, Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled to India, her biggest ally.[75] Widespread celebrations and violence occurred following her removal, resulting in hundreds of deaths, while the military and President Mohammed Shahabuddin announced the formation of an interim government led by economist and Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus.[76] Meanwhile, reports emerged about Indian media engaging in a widespread misinformation campaign aimed at destabilizing Bangladesh following Hasina's resignation and departure to India.[77][78]

Outcomes

edit

The protests' goals were finally achieved with the resignation of Hasina in the non-cooperation movement on 5 August 2024,[79] when an estimated 5 million people marched towards Shahbag Square in Dhaka, demanding the resignation of Sheikh Hasina. At around 15:00 local time, protesters were able to successfully raid the Ganabhaban, the residence of the Prime Minister. Hasina has since resigned and fled Bangladesh.[80][81]

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ [10][11][12][13]
  2. ^ [14][15][16][17]
  3. ^ [18][19][20][21][22]
  4. ^ [24][25][26][27]
  5. ^ [32][33][34]
  6. ^ [18][35][36][37]
  7. ^ [38][39][40]
  8. ^ [43][44][45][46]
  9. ^ [57][58][59][60]
  10. ^ Bengali: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন, romanized: Ôsôhôjōg Āndōlôn
  11. ^ Bengali: এক দফা আন্দোলন, romanized: Ēk Dôphā Āndōlôn

References

edit
  1. ^ "Bangladesh protests: Death toll climbs to 1236+ as army tries to bring situation under control". The Hindu. 2024-08-06. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  2. ^ Story, Inside. "What's behind antigovernment protests in Bangladesh?". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2023-04-25. Retrieved 2022-12-11.
  3. ^ Xiong, Vedika Sud,Yong (2022-12-11). "Tens of thousands protest in Bangladesh to demand resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina". CNN. Archived from the original on 2022-12-11. Retrieved 2022-12-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "One Killed, Hundreds Arrested as Bangladesh Police Clamp Down on Opposition Rally". News18. 2022-12-08. Archived from the original on 2022-12-13. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  5. ^ "Bangladesh opposition holds rally seeking PM Hasina's resignation". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 2023-07-31. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
  6. ^ "Bangladesh clashes: Two killed in anti-government protests". BBC News. 2023-10-31. Archived from the original on 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  7. ^ "Two killed in anti-government protests in Bangladesh". The Independent. 2023-10-31. Archived from the original on 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  8. ^ "Opposition activists held over policeman's death in Bangladesh protest". Reuters. 2023-10-29. Archived from the original on 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  9. ^ "Bangladesh opposition vows to continue protests despite 'autocratic' crackdown | Reuters". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-12-07. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
  10. ^ "Will consider talks if nine demands met". The Daily Star. 2024-07-24. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  11. ^ Shih, Gerry (2024-07-19). "Bangladesh imposes curfew after dozens killed in anti-government protests". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  12. ^ "Drenched in blood - how Bangladesh protests turned deadly". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  13. ^ "Bangladesh wakes to TV, internet blackout as deadly protests spike". France 24. 2024-07-19. Archived from the original on 2024-07-24. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  14. ^ "As Protests Erupt, a Rocky Start to Sheikh Hasina's Fourth Consecutive Term". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 2024-07-27. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  15. ^ "বিডিটুডে.নেট:গণতন্ত্রের পক্ষে, স্বৈরাচারের বিরুদ্ধে লড়ছে বাংলাদেশ". A complete online magazine. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  16. ^ "Jamaat-Shibir banned". The Daily Star. 2024-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  17. ^ "নতুন নির্বাচন দাবি ড. ইউনূসের গণতন্ত্রে রাষ্ট্রের মালিক জনগণ". মানবজমিন. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  18. ^ a b "A Faux Pas by Bangladesh's PM Has Morphed a Small Protest Into a Nationwide Movement". The Wire. Archived from the original on 2024-07-22. Retrieved 2024-07-22.
  19. ^ Hasnat, Saif (2024-07-11). "Tens of Thousands of Students Protest Job Quotas in Bangladesh's Streets". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2024-07-15. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
  20. ^ Hasan, Mubashar; Ruud, Arild Engelsen (2024-07-15). "Why is the Bangladesh Government Unable to Quell Ongoing Students Protests?". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 2024-07-16. Retrieved 2024-07-16.
  21. ^ "Bangladeshi protesters demand end to civil service job quotas". The Hindu. 2024-07-08. Archived from the original on 2024-07-17. Retrieved 2024-07-17.
  22. ^ "The Quota Reform Protest In Bangladesh Is Much More Than It Seems". thediplomat.com. Archived from the original on 2024-07-21. Retrieved 2024-07-21.
  23. ^ "নিহত প্রায় ৭৮ শতাংশ মানুষের শরীরে প্রাণঘাতী গুলি" (in Bengali). 2024-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  24. ^ সাম্প্রতিক ছাত্র আন্দোলনে নিহত ২৬৬ জনের তালিকা. Manab Zamin (in Bengali). 2024-07-29. Archived from the original on 2024-07-29. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
  25. ^ "What is happening at the quota-reform protests in Bangladesh?". Amnesty International. 2024-07-29. Archived from the original on 2024-07-30. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  26. ^ "Bangladesh: Security Forces Target Unarmed Students". Human Rights Watch. 2024-07-22. Archived from the original on 2024-07-30. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  27. ^ "Bangladeshi mother mourns son killed in student protests". Deutsche Welle. 2024-07-30. Archived from the original on 2024-07-30. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  28. ^ Lu, Christina (2024-08-07). "What's Behind Bangladesh's Student Protests?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  29. ^ "Is the system rigged against meritocracy?". The Daily Star. 2024-07-10. Archived from the original on 2024-07-16. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  30. ^ Ahmed, Redwan; Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (2024-07-26). "Bangladesh student protests turn into 'mass movement against a dictator'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  31. ^ Charlie Campbell (2023-11-02). "Sheikh Hasina and the Future of Democracy in Bangladesh". TIME. Archived from the original on 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  32. ^ "সিলেটে কোটা আন্দোলনকারীদের ওপর ছাত্রলীগের সশস্ত্র হামলা, আহত ১০". Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 2024-07-16. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  33. ^ "চট্টগ্রামে শিক্ষার্থীদের ওপর গুলি চালানো দুজনের পরিচয় মিলেছে". RTV News (in Bengali). 2024-07-17. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  34. ^ "শাবিপ্রবির ছাত্রলীগ নেতাদের রুম থেকে বিপুল পরিমাণ অস্ত্র উদ্ধার". Jagonews24 (in Bengali). 2024-07-18. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  35. ^ "Bangladesh students clash in job quota protests, at least 100 injured". Reuters. 2024-07-15.
  36. ^ "Student protests turn deadly in Bangladesh: what's fuelling the fury?". South China Morning Post. 2024-07-18. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  37. ^ Regan, Helen (2024-07-19). "Bangladesh has erupted over jobs reserved for the children of 'freedom fighters.' Here's what you need to know". CNN. Archived from the original on 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  38. ^ "Bangladesh to impose curfew, deploy army as protests widen, communications disrupted". Reuters. 2024-07-19.
  39. ^ Ramachandran, Naman (2024-07-19). "Bangladesh Internet in 'Total Shutdown' Amid Student Protests and Dozens of Deaths: 'Things Are Really Turning Bad'". Variety. Archived from the original on 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  40. ^ a b "Social media off-limits indefinitely". The Daily Star. 2024-07-26. Archived from the original on 2024-07-26. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  41. ^ "2 killed in mass processions, clashes across country". Prothom Alo. 2024-08-03. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  42. ^ "রক্তাক্ত জুলাই' মুক্তির মন্দির সোপানতলে..." shohid.info (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 2024-07-25. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  43. ^ "Nearly 3,000 arrested in Dhaka, 11,000 nationwide". The Business Standard. 2024-07-31. Archived from the original on 2024-08-01. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
  44. ^ "How Bangladesh student protests sparked broader crisis for Hasina government". Middle East Eye. 2014-07-23. Archived from the original on 2024-07-24. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  45. ^ "Bangladesh student protests: Why is the government facing public anger?". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 2024-07-20. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
  46. ^ ALAM, Shafiqul. "Bangladesh Arrest Total Passes 2,500: AFP Tally". www.barrons.com. Archived from the original on 2024-07-24. Retrieved 2024-07-24.
  47. ^ "Bangladesh faces growing criticism for violent crackdown on students". Voice of America. 2024-07-31. Archived from the original on 2024-08-01. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  48. ^ "At least 32 children killed in Bangladesh violence". UNICEF. 2024-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  49. ^ "Bangladesh: Dozens of children killed in protests - Unicef". www.bbc.com. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  50. ^ "6,703 injured received treatment in 31 Dhaka hospitals". Prothom Alo. 2024-07-29. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  51. ^ "21 bodies buried as unclaimed". Prothom Alo. 2024-07-25. Archived from the original on 2024-07-26. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  52. ^ "21 unclaimed bodies buried, all found bullet-ridden". The Daily Observer. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  53. ^ Campbell, Charlie (2024-07-25). "How Mass Protests Challenge Bangladesh's Past—and Threaten to Rewrite Its Future". TIME. Archived from the original on 2024-07-28. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  54. ^ "Is This the Beginning of the End of Sheikh Hasina's Rule?". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
  55. ^ Alam, Shahidul. "In Bangladesh, protests are no longer about the quota system". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2024-07-25. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  56. ^ "Thousands protest in Bangladesh demanding PM Hasina's resignation". Reuters. 2024-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-08-02. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
  57. ^ "Bangladesh student protests become 'people's uprising' after brutal crackdown". South China Morning Post. 2024-08-02. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  58. ^ "One demand now". The Daily Star. 2024-08-04. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  59. ^ "Anti-Discrimination Student Movement announces one-point demand". unb.com.bd. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  60. ^ "Students renew Bangladesh protests, call for PM Hasina's resignation". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  61. ^ "সরকারের সাথেই কোন প্রকার সংলাপে বসতে আমরা রাজি নই: আসিফ মাহমুদ". BBC Bangla (in Bengali). 2024-08-03. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  62. ^ "Thousands of protesters demonstrate at Shahbagh for one-point demand". The Daily Star. 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  63. ^ "Non-cooperation movement At least 97 die across country on a day of carnage". Prothom Alo. 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  64. ^ "Bangladesh protesters call for the march to Dhaka in defiance of curfew". The Straits Times. 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  65. ^ Hasnat, Saif; Mashal, Mujib. "Roaring Back After Crackdown, Bangladesh Protesters Demand Leader's Ouster". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  66. ^ "শহীদ মিনার থেকে এক দফা ঘোষণা". মানবজমিন (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  67. ^ Lu, Christina (2024-08-07). "What's Behind Bangladesh's Student Protests?". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  68. ^ "Is the system rigged against meritocracy?". The Daily Star. 2024-07-10. Archived from the original on 2024-07-16. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  69. ^ Ahmed, Redwan; Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (2024-07-26). "Bangladesh student protests turn into 'mass movement against a dictator'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2024-08-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  70. ^ Charlie Campbell (2023-11-02). "Sheikh Hasina and the Future of Democracy in Bangladesh". TIME. Archived from the original on 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  71. ^ "Sheikh Hasina doesn't sell the country, say prime minister". Prothomalo. 2024-06-25. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  72. ^ "It's now one point". the daily star. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  73. ^ "One Point Demand' announced from Central Shaheed Minar". bonik barta. Archived from the original on 2024-08-03. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  74. ^ "PM resigned, interim govt to be formed: Army chief". The Daily Star. 2024-08-05. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  75. ^ "Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina resigns and flees country as protesters storm palace". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  76. ^ "Bangladesh's interim government will take oath on Thursday, says the military chief". Associated Press News. 2024-08-07. Archived from the original on 2024-08-07. Retrieved 2024-08-07.
  77. ^ Mahmud, Faisal; Sarker, Saqib. "'Islamophobic, alarmist': How some India outlets covered Bangladesh crisis". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2024-08-09.
  78. ^ "Bangladeshi Hindu Leader Condemns Indian Media for Spreading False News". Oneindia. 2024-08-06.
  79. ^ "Protesters storm Bangladesh PM Hasina's palace amid reports she has resigned and fled". The Straits Times. 2024-08-05. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  80. ^ "Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina resigns, leaves the country: Reports". Firstpost. 2024-08-05. Archived from the original on 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
  81. ^ "Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina has resigned and left the country, media reports say". South China Morning Post. 2024-08-05. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
    

This Bangladeshi history-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bangladesh_protests_(2022–2024)&oldid=1239676555"