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Bandar-e Anzali

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"Enzeli" redirects here. For the racehorse, see Enzeli (horse). For the administrative division of Gilan province, see Bandar-e Anzali County.

Bandar-e Anzali (Persian: بندرانزلی)[a] is a city on the Caspian Sea in the Central District of Bandar-e Anzali County,[b] Gilan province, Iran, serving as the capital of both the county and the district.[6]

Bandar-e Anzali
بندرانزلی
City
Bandar-e Anzali is located in Iran
Bandar-e Anzali
Bandar-e Anzali
Coordinates: 37°28′15″N 49°28′12″E / 37.47083°N 49.47000°E / 37.47083; 49.47000[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceGilan
CountyBandar-e Anzali
DistrictCentral District
Government
 • MayorHamid Dalkouhi[2]
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total118,564
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Websitewww.anzali.ir
Anzali Lagoon on the Caspian Sea

History

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Anzali is an old city in ancient Iran, first settled by the Cadusii. Owing to their pleasant relationship with Cyrus the Great, King of Anshan (Persia), and their military cooperation in Cyrus's founding of the Achaemenian Empire, the Cadusii adopted the name Anshan-e Pars (Ανσνάν in Greek), meaning "the Anshans of Persia".[citation needed]

This word in Middle Persian is Anzalag; a variant Persian form is Anzalazh.[citation needed] Anzali Gulf was a safe harbour for trade ships and fishing boats. It was renamed to Pahlavi in 1935.

In 1919, with the collapse of General Anton Denikin's White Russian army, eighteen of his ships sought refuge in Anzali. On 18 May 1920, a Soviet flotilla of thirteen ships launched a surprise attack on Anzali, capturing the British garrison and the eighteen White Russian ships. This allowed for the establishment of the short-lived Persian Socialist Republic and the Persian Communist Party. Soviet authorities denied responsibility for the attack, blaming the local Russian naval commander for attacking under his own authority.[7]

Demographics

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Language

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The people of Anzali speak Gilaki as their mother language and Persian as the national language.[8] Specific Anzali Accent of Western Gilaki language is the main language of Anzali.[9][10][11][12] [13] [14]

Linguistic composition of the city.[15]

Bandar-e Anzali linguistic composition
language percent
Persian
 
 3%
Gilaki
 
 95%
Turkic
 
 2%

Religion

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The majority of Anzalis are adherents of Shia Islam, although there is a sizeable Armenian Christian minority.

Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 109,687 in 32,424 households.[16] The following census in 2011 counted 116,664 people in 38,128 households.[17] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 118,564 people in 41,053 households.[3]

Overview

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Anzali is one of the most important cities in Iran in terms of tourism, economics, and athletics.[18][19] Bandar-e Anzali is the biggest Gilaki speaking city in the world after Rasht, the capital of Gilan province. The city was home to the first and biggest port on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. Bandar-e Anzali consists of an island called Mianposhteh and the surrounding lands. Tourist attractions include a clock tower called Manareh, the long harbour promenade, and the water-logged delta and beach along the Sefid Rud.

Its wonderful lagoon, Customs and City Hall edifice (Shahrdari), Mian Poshte Palace, and Motamedi Edifice are its tourist attractions. Anzali was the site of the Caspian University of Naval Science until 1980, when it was moved to Nowshahr. Naser-al-din Shah's[20] Shams-ol-Emareh tower[21] (not to be confused with the Tehran building of the same name) was built by Moayer al Mamalek. The famous Sangi Bath was destroyed by people and natural factors.

The Sangi Bath was noted for its marvelous durable system of basins with heated water. Some groups think that Motamedi Edifice had been changed; it is now its police office. This Ghajar Structure built in two floors with the help of Mirza Abd-ol-Vahab.[22]

Geography

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Tovoos Tower, the tallest tower in Bandar-e Anzali

The Anzali Lagoon divides the Anzali Port in two parts. The city is connected by two bridges to the Beheshti Island. There is a caviar processing factory in Bandar-e Anzali, some old ruins from 19th century and the popular Shanbeh Bazaar. Tourbebar is a village about 40 kilometers from Bandar-e Anzali, near the Anzali Lagoon.

Climate

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Bandar-e Anzali has a humid subtropical climate, with (Cfa) designation under the Köppen climate classification and (Cf) designation under the Trewartha climate classification. The weather is hot and humid in summers and cool, damp and rainy in winters. It has the most humid climate of any city in Iran, similar in its heavy autumn and early winter rainfall, persistent high humidity and low sunshine to the Sea of Japan coast of Japan, though it receives much less summer rainfall than that region. The warm and humid weather has allowed this region to grow crops such as rice and tea that require very large amounts of moisture, especially with the extra water draining from the Elburz Mountains.

Climate data for Bandar-e Anzali (1951-2010 normals extremes since 1951)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 29
(84) 		31
(88) 		33
(91) 		36
(97) 		36.8
(98.2) 		36.3
(97.3) 		37
(99) 		36
(97) 		35.3
(95.5) 		37
(99) 		34
(93) 		31
(88) 		37
(99)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.1
(50.2) 		9.7
(49.5) 		11.4
(52.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		21.7
(71.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		29.4
(84.9) 		29.2
(84.6) 		25.8
(78.4) 		21.3
(70.3) 		16.5
(61.7) 		12.6
(54.7) 		19.2
(66.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		7.1
(44.8) 		8.9
(48.0) 		13.5
(56.3) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.8
(78.4) 		22.6
(72.7) 		18.3
(64.9) 		13.6
(56.5) 		9.7
(49.5) 		16.3
(61.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.5
(40.1) 		4.5
(40.1) 		6.5
(43.7) 		10.8
(51.4) 		15.9
(60.6) 		20.2
(68.4) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.3
(72.1) 		19.5
(67.1) 		15.3
(59.5) 		10.6
(51.1) 		6.8
(44.2) 		13.3
(55.9)
Record low °C (°F) −7
(19) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		−4
(25) 		−1
(30) 		6
(43) 		10
(50) 		15
(59) 		16
(61) 		11
(52) 		6.6
(43.9) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−4
(25) 		−7
(19)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 167.8
(6.61) 		120.2
(4.73) 		110.7
(4.36) 		60.2
(2.37) 		46.7
(1.84) 		52.0
(2.05) 		46.0
(1.81) 		111.9
(4.41) 		271.5
(10.69) 		326.0
(12.83) 		300.2
(11.82) 		217.3
(8.56) 		1,830.5
(72.08)
Average precipitation days 14.3 13.1 15.1 12.8 11.6 7.2 6.3 9.3 13.5 15.4 14.6 14.1 147.3
Average relative humidity (%) 86 86 88 86 83 79 76 79 85 87 87 86 84
Average dew point °C (°F) 4.7
(40.5) 		4.5
(40.1) 		6.5
(43.7) 		10.7
(51.3) 		15.6
(60.1) 		19.2
(66.6) 		21.3
(70.3) 		21.7
(71.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		15.7
(60.3) 		11.1
(52.0) 		7.0
(44.6) 		13.1
(55.7)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 91.3 88.3 96.7 134.5 200.8 248.5 257.4 217.4 161.6 124.0 101.1 90.8 1,812.4
Source 1: Synoptic Stations Statistics[23](sun 1962-2010, dew point 1951-2005)
Source 2: meteomanz (extremes since 2011)[24]

Economy

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Historically Anzalis were mostly involved in the fish trade. Rice farming and agriculture are the other traditional jobs in Anzali, and are practiced in the villages surrounding the city.

Caviar

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Bandar-e Anzali is a center of caviar production. The preparation and marketing of which is a state monopoly, handled through the Iranian Fishing Company under the control of the Finance Ministry. The public is not admitted to the immense refrigerated hangars where tons of sturgeons, some as large as 3 meters long and weighing 100 kilograms, are stored after the removal of the caviar, usually equivalent to about one tenth of their weight.

Sports

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The most popular sport in Anzali is football, and the city is known as a football hub in Iran.[citation needed] Malavan, one of the most famous teams in Iran, is the main team of the city, and they currently play in the second tier Persian Gulf League. Current and former national team players such as Sirous Ghayeghran, Ghafour Jahani, Pejman Nouri, Maziar Zare, Jalal Rafkhaei, Saeid Ezatolahi, Mohammad Mayeli Kohan, Jalal Hosseini are from Anzali.

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  •  
  •  
    Bandar-e Anzali Blvd.
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    A walkway in Anzali
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    City Hall Of Bandar-e Anzali
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    Destructed pavilion of Anzali
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    Russian ships docking in Bandar-e Anzali harbour
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    The harbour of Bandar-e Anzali
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    Coast of Bandar-e Anzali
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    Colorful houses in Anzali
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    The first newspaper agency in Anzali
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    GhalamGoodeh Bridge in Anzali
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    Anzali port docks

See also

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  Media related to Bandar-e Anzali at Wikimedia Commons

  Iran portal

Notes

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  1. ^ Also romanized as Bandar-e Anzalī;[4] formerly Bandar-e Pahlavi (بندر پهلوی) during the Pahlavi dynasty;[5] Gilaki: اٚنزٚلي
  2. ^ Formerly Bandar-e Pahlavi County[5]

References

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  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (12 October 2024). "Bandar-e Anzali, Bandar-e Anzali County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  2. ^ "وحید پورحضرت شهردار بندر انزلی شد". isna.ir (in Persian). 30 October 2023. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  3. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Gilan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  4. ^ Bandar-e Anzali can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3055109" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  5. ^ a b Bazargan, Mehdi (c. 2023) [Approved 12 June 1358]. Changing the name of the city and county of Bandar Pahlavi to Bandar-e Anzali. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers of the Provisional Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Proposal 7473.53. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 13 December 2023 – via Lam ta Kam.
  6. ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 October 2015) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Gilan province centered on the city of Rasht. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Notification 82846/T135K. Archived from the original on 12 October 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
  7. ^ A Peace to End All Peace, David Fromkin, 1989, pp.458-459.
  8. ^ Bazin, Marcel (1986). "ANZALĪ". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 2. pp. 143–145.
  9. ^ Jahangiri, Dr. Nader. گویش گیلکی لاهیجان [Lahijani Dialect of Gilaki] (in Persian). Iran: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
  10. ^ Resaei, Ayoub (2006). "گویش گیلکی فومنات". Foumani Dialect of Gilaki (in Persian). Iran: Allameh Tabataba'i University: 65.
  11. ^ Sotoudeh, Manouchehr (1953). فرهنگ گیلکی [Gilaki Culture] (in Persian and Gilaki). Iran: فرهنگ ایلیا. pp. 17, 18.
  12. ^ Shokri, Giti (2006). گویش رامسری [Ramsari Dialect] (in Persian). Iran: پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی. p. 14.
  13. ^ "Glottolog 4.7 - Western Gilaki".
  14. ^ "Gilaki | Ethnologue Free".
  15. ^ "Language distribution: Gilan Province". Iran Atlas. 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  16. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Gilan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  17. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Gilan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  18. ^ "10ميلياردريال اعتبار به توسعه زيرساختهاي اقتصادي گيلان اختصاص يافت". Archived from the original on 2013-10-23. Retrieved 2018-10-20.
  19. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-09-03. Retrieved 2018-10-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ Bakhtiar, Kaveh (2004). "Palatial Towers of Nasir al-Din Shah". Muqarnas. 21: 33–43. doi:10.1163/22118993-90000052. JSTOR 1523342. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  21. ^ "Bandar-e-Anzali-Shamsol-Emareh". Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  22. ^ "انزلی کلاب". Retrieved 8 October 2015.
  23. ^ Statistics of 200 synoptic stations: Bandar Anzali at the Wayback Machine (archived February 17, 2016)
  24. ^ "weather data by months - ANZALI". meteomanz. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
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