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Minya Governorate

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Minya Governorate (Arabic: محافظة المنيا Muḥāfẓet El Minya) is one of the governorates of Upper Egypt. Its capital city, Minya, is located on the left bank of the Nile River.[4]

Minya Governorate
Governorate
Flag of Minya Governorate
Flag
Official logo of Minya Governorate
Minya Governorate on the map of Egypt
Minya Governorate on the map of Egypt
Coordinates: 28°07′N 30°07′E / 28.11°N 30.11°E / 28.11; 30.11
Country Egypt
SeatMinya (capital)
Government
 • GovernorOsama El-Kady[1]
Population
 (January 2024)
 • Total6,453,892
GDP
[2]
 • TotalEGP 131 billion
(US$ 8.3 billion)
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
HDI (2021)0.690[3]
medium · 20th
Websitewww.minia.gov.eg

Etymology

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The name originates from the chief city of the governorate, originally known in Sahidic Coptic as Tmoone and in Boلhairic as Thmonē, meaning “the residence”, in reference to a monastery formerly in the area. The name may also originate from the city's name in Egyptian Men'at Khufu.

Overview

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The rate of poverty is more than 60% in this governorate, where the total population is nearly 6 million. Recently the government has provided some assistance via social safety networks, specifically, some financial assistance to residents with disabilities, and job opportunities for them and others. The funding has been coordinated by the country's Ministry of Finance and with assistance from international organizations.[5]

Municipal divisions

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The governorate is divided into municipal divisions with a total estimated population as of January 2024 of 6,453,892. In the case of Minya governorate, there are a number of aqsam and marakiz, and a new city. Sometimes a markaz and a kism share a name.[6]

Municipal Divisions
Anglicized name Native name Arabic transliteration Population
(January 2023 Est.)		 Type
Abu Qirqas مركز ابو قرقاص Abū Qurqās 684,612 Markaz
El Idwa مركز العدوة Al-'Idwah 281,729 Markaz
Minya مركز المنيا Al-Minyā 762,530 Markaz
Minya 1 قسم أول المنيا Al-Minyā 1 56,487 Kism (fully urban)
Minya 2 قسم ثان المنيا Al-Minyā 2 130,622 Kism (fully urban)
Minya 3 قسم ثالث المنيا Al-Minyā 3 107,907 Kism (fully urban)
Beni Mazar مركز بنى مزار Banī Mazār 639,122 Markaz
Deir Mawas مركز دير مواس Dayr Mawās 466,443 Markaz
New Minya قسم المنيا الجديدة Madīnat al-Minyā al-Jadīdah 18,173 Kism (fully urban)
Maghagha مركز مغاغة Maghāghah 596,474 Markaz
Mallawi مركز ملوى Mallawī 839,418 Markaz
Mallawi قسم ملوى Mallawī 221,185 Kism (fully urban)
Matai مركز مطاى Maṭāy 364,183 Markaz
Samalut East مركز سمالوط شرق Samālūṭ Sharq 359,601 Markaz
Samalut West مركز سمالوط غرب Samālūṭ Gharb 547,908 Markaz

Cities and towns

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As of 2018, 10 cities (or towns) in Minya had a population of over 15,000 inhabitants.[7]

Cities and towns with over 15,000 inhabitants
English name Native name Arabic transliteration Nov. 1996 Census Nov. 2006 Census Population
(July 2017 Est.)
Abu Qirqas أبو قرقاس Abū Qurqās 50,031 57,892 78,134
El Idwa العدوة Al-'Idwah 13,553 15,875 22,583
Minya المنيا Al-Minyā 201,440 236,043 245,478
New Minya المنيا الجديدة Al-Minyā al-Jadīdah 68 4,567 15,122
Beni Mazar بنى مزار Banī Mazār 52,690 79,553 100,201
Deir Mawas دير مواس Dayr Mawās 33,197 40,640 52,658
Maghagha مغاغة Maghāghah 60,405 75,657 102,328
Mallawi ملوى Mallawī 119,285 139,929 184,048
Matai مطاى Maṭāy 36,953 46,903 71,263
Samalut سمالوط Samālūṭ 75,437 91,475 122,919

Population

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According to population estimates from 2024 the majority of residents in the governorate live in rural areas, with an urbanization rate of only 18.9%. Out of an estimated 6,453,892 people residing in the governorate, 5,234,106 people live in rural areas as opposed to only 1,219,786 in urban areas.[8]

History

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Little is known today about Minya Governorate[opinion] compared to its great wealth[peacock prose] of archaeological sites. Its history, including Ancient Egyptian, Hellenistic, Roman and Arab periods, has not yet received the full attention of scholars.[fact or opinion?]

Ancient Egyptian period

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Dehnet, Fraser Tombs, Sharuna, and Zawyet el-Maiyitin comprise monuments dating back to the Old Kingdom.

The village of Bani Hasan al Shurruq houses 390 rock-cut decorated tombs and chapels from the Middle Kingdom (2000–1580 BC, especially the sixteenth dynasty). The Speos Artemidos is nearby, and hosts temples built by Queen Hatshepsut.

Akhetaten was built by Pharaoh Akhenaten and dedicated to the god Aten. Akhenaten lived there in isolation with his wife, Nefertiti, and daughters, devoting himself to the monotheistic religion that he preached. The glorious remains of the palaces, temples and tombs still exist today.[when?]

Other significant archaeological sites in the governorate of Minya include Deir Abu Hinis, Deir el-Bersha, El-Sheikh Sa'id, and Tuna el-Gebel.

Greco-Roman period

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El Ashmunein (Hermopolis Magna) was the capital of the region during this period. It was the main center of worship of the god Thoth. Today, the ruins of a Greek temple, similar to the Parthenon, can be still found.

The tomb and chapel of Petosiris are found near the modern village of Tuna el-Gebel.

Antinoöpolis was built in 130 A.D. by the Roman emperor Hadrian in memory of his favourite and eromenos Antinous.

Byzantine period

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The Monastery of the Virgin Mary at Gebel el-Teir is an important Christian site near the city of Samalut. Its church was built by Empress Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, in 328, on one of the sites where the Holy Family is believed to have stayed during its Flight into Egypt.

Oxyrhynchus was an important administrative center during the Hellenistic Period, and remains an important archaeological source for papyri from the Byzantine Egypt.

Arab period

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Maghagha hosts the mosque of the famous Muslim Zayid ibn al Mugharah.

Modern history

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Today, Minya Governorate has the highest concentration of Coptic Christians of 50% of the total population.[ambiguous][citation needed] There are also a number of active monasteries in the region.

In 2018, a Coptic cathedral was consecrated by Pope Tawadros II in the small village of Al Ur, near Samalut. The new cathedral was dedicated to the 21 Coptic Martyrs of Libya, thirteen of whom were from Al Ur.[9]

Archaeology

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In February 2019, fifty mummy collections wrapped in linen, stone coffins or wooden sarcophagi dated back to the Ptolemaic Kingdom were discovered by Egyptian archaeologists in the Tuna El-Gebel site. 12 of the graves in four burial chambers 9 m (30 ft) deep, belonged to children. One of the remains was the partly uncovered skull enclosed in linen.[10][11]

In May 2020, Egyptian-Spanish archaeological mission headed by Esther Ponce revealed a unique cemetery consist of one room built with glazed limestone dating back to the 26th Dynasty (so-called the El-Sawi era) at the site of ancient Oxyrhynchus. Archaeologists also uncovered bronze coins, clay seals, Roman tombstones and small crosses.[12][13][14][15]

Projects

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Ibrahimiya Canal, Minya

In 1981, the Basic Village Service Program (BVS) of USAID, had several water, and road projects, going on in several markazes in the Minya Governorate.[16] In 2013, The United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security helped farmers in Minya by doing consultation work with them and taking soil samples.[17]

National holiday

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The national holiday of the Minya governorate is on 18 March. It commemorates those who were executed by the British at Deir Mawas on 18 March 1919.

Industrial zones

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According to the Egyptian Governing Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI), in affiliation with the Ministry of Investment (MOI), the following industrial zones are located in this governorate:[18]

  • Al Matahra, east of the Nile
  • Heavy industrial zone - Wadi el Sararyah
  • New Minya

Agriculture and industry

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Agricultural land along the Nile River
 
A man working in a limestone quarry

Minya Governorate is an important agricultural and industrial region. Among its principal crops are sugarcane, cotton, beans, soybeans, garlic, onions, vegetables of various sorts, tomatoes, potatoes, watermelons, and grapes. Among the leading local industries are food processing (especially sugar and the drying and grinding of onions), spinning and weaving of cotton, perfumes, oils and fats, cement-making, quarrying (especially limestone), and brick-making.[19]

Important sites

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Monasteries in the Minya Governorate

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Notable people

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Statistics

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  • Total area: 32,279 km².
  • Proportion of the land area of Egypt: 3.2%.
  • Population: around 6.3 million
  • Population density: 115 people/km²
  • Rural population:
  • Proportion of the population of Egypt: 5.1%
  • Population growth rate:
  • Minya Governorate administrative divisions: 9 localities, 57 local administrative units, 346 small villages, and 1,429 tiny villages.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ محافظ المنيا [Minya governor]. minia.gov.eg (in Arabic). Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  2. ^ "GDP BY GOVERNORATE", mped.gov.eg
  3. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Table - Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
  4. ^ Merriam Webster's Geographical Dictionary (Third ed.). Merriam Webster. 1998. p. 354. ISBN 9780877795469.
  5. ^ "Social Solidarity Ministry to provide citizens with disabilities financial support". Egypt Independent. 25 July 2017. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  6. ^ https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Admin/Pages%20Files/202331512347%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89%20%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D9%81%D9%89%201%D9%80%201%D9%80%202023.pdf. Retrieved 2 April 2023. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ^ "Cities". CityPopulation.de. Archived from the original on 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2018-11-24.
  8. ^ "Population Estimates By Sex & Governorate 1/1/2015" (PDF). CAPMAS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-10-19. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  9. ^ Darg, Christine (18 February 2018). "New Egyptian Cathedral for 21 Martyrs". Jerusalem Channel. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  10. ^ "Egypt mummies: New tombs found in Minya". BBC News. 2019-02-02. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
  11. ^ "Tomb with 50 mummies found in Egypt". akipress.com. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
  12. ^ "StackPath". dailynewsegypt.com. 18 May 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-09.
  13. ^ "Unique cemetery dating back to el-Sawi era discovered in Egypt amid coronavirus crisis". Zee News. 2020-05-28. Retrieved 2020-09-09.
  14. ^ Mahmoud, Rasha (2020-05-26). "Egypt makes major archaeological discovery amid coronavirus crisis". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 2020-09-09.
  15. ^ "البعثة الإسبانية تكتشف مقبرة أثرية نادرة وعملات برونزية بـ"البهنسا" في المنيا | المصري اليوم". www.almasryalyoum.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-09-09.
  16. ^ "Egypt: The Basic Village Services Program" (PDF). USAID. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-10-19. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  17. ^ "UN Beneficiary Stories by UNIDO" (PDF). United Nations (unocha). Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  18. ^ "Industrial Zones of Governorate". Ministry of Investment Egypt. Archived from the original on 2018-11-23. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  19. ^ "Al-Minyā GOVERNORATE, EGYPT". britannica.

Sources

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  • The Egyptian Tourist Authority - ETA
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Minya Governorate.
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