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Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge

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Not to be confused with Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge.

Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge (Adolphus Charles Alexander Albert Edward George Philip Louis Ladislaus; 13 August 1868 – 24 October 1927), born Prince Adolphus of Teck and later the Duke of Teck, was a relative of the British royal family, a great-grandson of George III and younger brother of Queen Mary, the wife of George V. In 1900, he succeeded his father as Duke of Teck in the Kingdom of Württemberg. He relinquished his German titles in 1917 to become Marquess of Cambridge.

Lieutenant-Colonel The Most Honourable
The Marquess of Cambridge
GCB GCVO CMG KStJ DL JP ADC
Photo taken by Mrs. Albert Broom
Born
Prince Adolphus of Teck

(1868-08-13)13 August 1868
Kensington Palace, London, England
Died24 October 1927(1927-10-24) (aged 59)
Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England
Resting place
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1894)​
Children
Parents
Military career
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service / branch British Army
Years of service1888–1919
RankLieutenant colonel
Battles / wars

Early life

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Prince Adolphus of Teck was born on 13 August 1868 at Kensington Palace, London. His father was Prince Francis, Duke of Teck, the eldest son of Duke Alexander of Württemberg and Countess Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde (created the Countess von Hohenstein). His mother was the Duchess of Teck (formerly Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge), the youngest daughter of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, and Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, granddaughter of George III. Adolphus was styled His Serene Highness Prince Adolphus of Teck at birth. With a string of nine Christian names, among his immediate family he was always known as "Dolly", a pet form of 'Adolphus'. He was educated at Wellington College in Berkshire.

Early military career

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Prince Adolphus was a cavalry officer, following in the footsteps of his father, both of his grandfathers, and his maternal uncle. He received his education at Wellington College, before entering the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. At the age of 19, in April 1888, he was commissioned into the British Army as a second lieutenant in the 17th Lancers,[1] the regiment of his maternal uncle, the Duke of Cambridge, who was the commander-in-chief of the British Army from 1856 to 1895. He was promoted lieutenant in January 1893,[2] and transferred to the 1st Life Guards as a captain in June 1895.[3]

Marriage

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On 12 December 1894, at Eaton Hall, he married Lady Margaret Evelyn Grosvenor (9 April 1873 – 27 March 1929), the daughter of Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster. The couple had 4 children:

  • Prince George of Teck, later 2nd Marquess of Cambridge (11 October 1895 – 16 April 1981); married 1923 Dorothy Hastings (18 May 1899 – 1 April 1988). They had one daughter.
  • Princess Mary of Teck, later Lady Mary Cambridge (12 June 1897 – 23 June 1987); married 1923 the 10th Duke of Beaufort (4 April 1900 – 4 February 1984). They had no children.
  • Princess Helena of Teck, later Lady Helena Cambridge (23 October 1899 – 22 December 1969); married 1919 Colonel John Evelyn Gibbs (22 December 1879 – 11 October 1932). They had no children.
  • Prince Frederick of Teck, later Lord Frederick Cambridge (23 September 1907 – 15 May 1940).

Duke of Teck and later military career

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In January 1900, Adolphus succeeded his father as Duke of Teck. The new duke served with his regiment during the Boer War 1899–1900, for which he was promoted Brevet major in November 1900.[4] He was later a transport officer in the Household Cavalry. In February 1904, he was promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant-colonel and appointed a temporary military attaché at the British embassy in Vienna.[5] His appointment as military attaché was confirmed in April 1906,[6] and he received a staff posting the same month.[7] He was promoted to the substantive rank of major in December 1906,[8] and was raised to brevet lieutenant-colonel in November 1910.[9]

With an Order in Council dated 9 June 1911,[10] his brother-in-law King George V, as a gift to mark his own Coronation, granted his cousin the style His Highness, which echoed the gift of the King's grandmother, Queen Victoria, to the Duke's father. The same year he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB). From other nations he received the grand cross of the Order of the Red Eagle of Prussia and the Order of the Star of Romania.[11]

He was appointed Honorary Colonel of the 8th Battalion, London Regiment, known as the Post Office Rifles in 1912,[12] relinquishing the position in 1923.[13]

Teck was president of the RSPCA from 1910 to 1916.[14][15] From 1914 to his death he was Governor and Constable of Windsor Castle.[13]

With the outbreak of the First World War, he returned to active duty, joining his regiment, 1st Life Guards (possibly at Jabeeke Belgium) on 9 October 1914, returning to base (sick) on 19 October 1914.[16] He first served as assistant military secretary at the War Office,[17] and from December 1915 as military secretary to the commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary Forces (BEF) in France, Sir Douglas Haig, with the temporary rank of brigadier general.[18] He received from allied nations the Belgian Order of Leopold (Grand Cordon) and Croix de guerre, as well as the French Legion of Honour (Grand Officer).[19]

Following ill-health he was placed on half-pay in July 1916,[20] and retired pay in 1919.[21]

Marquess of Cambridge

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During the First World War, anti-German sentiment in the United Kingdom led Teck's brother-in-law, King George V, to change the name of the Royal House from the Germanic House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to the more English-sounding House of Windsor. The King also renounced all his Germanic titles for himself and all members of the British Royal Family who were British subjects.

In response to this, Teck renounced, through a Royal Warrant from the King,[22] dated 14 July 1917, his title of Duke of Teck in the Kingdom of Württemberg and the style His Highness. Adolphus, along with his brother, Prince Alexander of Teck, adopted the name Cambridge, after their grandfather, Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge.[22]

He was subsequently created Marquess of Cambridge, Earl of Eltham, and Viscount Northallerton all in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. His elder son took the title Earl of Eltham as a courtesy title. His younger children became Lord/Lady (Christian Name) Cambridge.[22]

Vera Bate Lombardi, Coco Chanel's muse and PR representative, was rumoured to be Adolphus' illegitimate daughter.[citation needed] Hal Vaughan, in his 2012 biography of Coco Chanel ('Sleeping with the Enemy: Coco Chanel's Secret War', p. 42), describes Vera Bate Lombardi as a 'cousin and childhood friend' of Edward, Prince of Wales.

Lord Cambridge made his home in Shropshire after World War I at Shotton Hall, Harmer Hill, near Shrewsbury. He was active in social life in the county, of which he became a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant in 1923,[13] and Treasurer of the Royal Salop Infirmary at Shrewsbury in 1925.[19] He hosted visits made by his sister to the county, the last in his lifetime being a public visit to Shrewsbury and other parts of Shropshire in August 1927.[19]

Death

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Lord Cambridge died, aged fifty-nine, after an intestinal operation in October 1927 at a Shrewsbury nursing home, while preparations were being made for another public royal visit to the town (which was consequently cancelled) by his nephew, the Prince of Wales (later Edward VIII).[19] He was first buried at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle and later transferred to the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore.[23] His elder son, the Earl of Eltham, succeeded him as Marquess of Cambridge.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

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Titles and styles

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  • 13 August 1868 – 21 January 1900: His Serene Highness Prince Adolphus of Teck[24]
  • 21 January 1900 – 9 June 1911: His Serene Highness The Duke of Teck[25]
  • 9 June 1911 – 14 July 1917: His Highness The Duke of Teck[26]
  • 14 July 1917 – 7 November 1917: Colonel Sir Adolphus Cambridge[27]
  • 7 November 1917 – 24 October 1927: The Most Honourable The Marquess of Cambridge[27]

Honours

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Arms

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Coat of arms of Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge
 
Coronet
Coronet of a Marquess
Crest
A Dog's Head and Neck lozengy bendy sinister Sable and Or, langued Gules.
Escutcheon
Quarterly: 1st & 4th grand-quarters, The Royal Arms as borne by King George III, differenced by a Label of three-points Argent, the centre point charged with a Cross Gules, and each of the other points with two Hearts in pale Gules; 2nd & 3rd grand-quarters, Or, three Stags' Attires fesswise in pale, the points of each Attire to the sinister Sable, impaling Or three Lions passant in pale Sable, langued Gules, the dexter forepaws Gules; over all an Inescutcheon lozengy bendy sinister Sable and Or (Teck).
Supporters
Dexter: a Lion Sable, the dexter forepaw Gules.
Sinister: a Stag Proper.
Motto
FEARLESS AND FAITHFUL
Orders
Order of the Bath (knight grand cross)
Symbolism
The second and third quarterings represent his descent from the Dukes of Württemberg

Ancestry

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Family tree

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ "No. 25806". The London Gazette. 10 April 1888. p. 2070.
  2. ^ "No. 26366". The London Gazette. 24 January 1893. p. 412.
  3. ^ "No. 26637". The London Gazette. 25 June 1895. p. 3592.
  4. ^ "No. 27359". The London Gazette. 27 September 1901. p. 6304.
  5. ^ "No. 27661". The London Gazette. 25 March 1904. p. 1948.
  6. ^ "No. 27906". The London Gazette. 20 April 1906. p. 2747.
  7. ^ "No. 27910". The London Gazette. 4 May 1906. p. 3078.
  8. ^ "No. 27975". The London Gazette. 11 December 1906. p. 8728.
  9. ^ "No. 28438". The London Gazette. 18 November 1910. p. 8789.
  10. ^ Royal Styles and Titles – 1911 Order-in-Council
  11. ^ Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 1913. Burke's Peerage Ltd. p. 38.Section The Royal Lineage, under descendants of George III. The German and Austrian orders were not listed in his entry after World War I, having apparently renounced them as honours of then enemy countries.
  12. ^ "No. 28629". The London Gazette. 23 July 1912. p. 5422.
  13. ^ a b c Kelly's Handbook of the Titled, Landed and Official Classes. Kelly's Directories. 1926. p. 333.
  14. ^ "Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals". The Graphic Christmas Number. 1910. p. 34. (subscription required)
  15. ^ "Ninetieth Annual Report, 1913". Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. 1913.
  16. ^ War Diary 1st Life Guards 1914–1915, "No. 28969". The London Gazette. 10 November 1914. p. 9133.
  17. ^ "No. 29218". The London Gazette. 6 July 1915. p. 6583.
  18. ^ "No. 29476". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 February 1916. p. 1777.
  19. ^ a b c d "Death of the Marquess of Cambridge". Shrewsbury Chronicle. 25 October 1927. p. 7.
  20. ^ "No. 29771". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 October 1916. p. 9536.
  21. ^ "No. 31639". The London Gazette (Supplement). 11 November 1919. p. 13754.
  22. ^ a b c "No. 30374". The London Gazette. 9 November 1917. pp. 11592–11594.
  23. ^ "Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805". College of St George - Windsor Castle. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
  24. ^ "The London Gazette, Issue 24696, Page 2237". 17 March 1879.
  25. ^ "The London Gazette, Supplement 28401, Page 5477". 26 July 1910.
  26. ^ "The Edinburgh Gazette, Issue 12370, Page 681". 7 July 1911.
  27. ^ a b "The London Gazette, Issue 30374, Page 11593". 9 November 1917.
  28. ^ a b Shaw, William Arthur (1906). The Knights of England. Vol. 1. London: Sharrett & Hughes. pp. 418, 432.
  29. ^ "No. 28380". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 May 1910. p. 3859.
  30. ^ "No. 28505". The London Gazette (Supplement). 19 June 1911. p. 4594.
  31. ^ "Königliche Orden", Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg, Stuttgart: Landesamt, 1907, p. 29
  32. ^ "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen". Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Mecklenburg-Strelitz: 1907 (in German). Neustrelitz: Druck und Debit der Buchdruckerei von G. F. Spalding und Sohn. 1907. p. 14.
  33. ^ "Goldener Löwen-orden", Großherzoglich Hessische Ordensliste (in German), Darmstadt: Staatsverlag, 1914, p. 3 – via hathitrust.org
  34. ^ "Ritter-Orden", Hof- und Staatshandbuch der Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie, 1914, pp. 97-98, 181
  35. ^ "No. 29486". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 February 1916. p. 2075.
  36. ^ "No. 29854". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 December 1916. p. 12039.
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German nobility
Preceded by Duke of Teck
1900–1917 		Title relinquished
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Marquess of Cambridge
1917–1927 		Succeeded by
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