Adelia Cleopatra Graves (pen name, Aunt Alice; March 17, 1821 - 1895)[1] was an American educator, author, and poet. At one time serving as Professor of Latin and Belles-lettres at Mary Sharp College, she went on to occupy the position of Matron and Professor of Rhetoric in the college.[2] In 1841, she married Prof. Zuinglius Calvin Graves (1816–1902), who was serving as president of Kingsville Academy. She was the author of several books including juvenile literature under the pseudonym of "Aunt Alice". She also contributed prose and verse to periodical literature. In her day, Graves was one of the most popular writers of the South. Her best-known works were: Life of Columbus; Poems for Children; Seclusarval, or the Arts of Romanism; and Jephtha's Daughter, a drama.[3]
Adelia Cleopatra Graves | |
|---|---|
 Photo from "A Woman of the Century" | |
| Born | Adelia Cleopatra Spencer March 17, 1821 Kingsville, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | November 6, 1895 (aged 74) Winchester, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Pen name | Aunt Alice |
| Occupation | educator, author, poet |
| Language | English |
| Alma mater | Kingsville Academy |
| Notable works | Life of Columbus; Poems for Children; Seclusarval, or the Arts of Romanism; and Jephtha's Daughter, a drama |
| Spouse |
Zuinglius Calvin Graves
(m. 1841) |
| Relatives | Platt Rogers Spencer (uncle) |
Early years and education
editAdelia Cleopatra Spencer was born in Kingsville, Ohio, March 17, 1821.[3] She was the daughter of Dr. Daniel M. Spencer and Marian T. Cook, and a niece of Platt Rogers Spencer, the originator of the Spencerian script. Graves' mother was an intellectual. Her family was wealthy and cultured, all the men having for generations had the benefit of collegiate education. Her father especially excelled in the Greek and Latin languages.[4]
Graves spent her early life on the shores of Lake Erie, where she resolved to devote her life to literature. She loved to be alone, passing her time on the beach, or in the old forests near where she had been born. Her love of nature was a passion, the record of which was preserved in some of her earliest unpublished poems. Stanzas written before she was nine years old were models of correct versification, exhibiting simplicity of expression and happy choice of words which characterized the productions of her more mature years. She wrote because she could not restrain the flow of thoughts, taking shape in rhymes.[2]
She was a graduate of Kingsville Academy.[3]
Career
editIn 1841, she married Dr. Zuinglius Calvin Graves,[5] who was at that time president of Kingsville Academy; later, president of Soule College; and founder and president of Mary Sharp College. A few years after her marriage, Graves received a bad injury, which crippled her physical energies. For five years, she could not walk across her room; and later found it difficult to walk a short distance.[2]
For years, she taught classes in languages in the Kingsville Academy. At Mary Sharp College, there were few positions she did not occupy at some point, save that of mathematics.[6] For 32 years, she was matron and professor of rhetoric, belles-lettres, elocution, and English composition. She also taught French, ancient history, ancient geography, and English literature.[4] [2]
The published works of Graves include Seclusaval, or the Arts of Romanism (1870), a work written to deter Protestants from sending children to Catholic schools; and Jephtha's Daughter, a drama, (1867). Besides these, there were two prize stories. Twelve or thirteen small volumes were also compiled from the Southern Child's Book, at the request of the Southern Baptist Sabbath School Union, for the use of Sunday schools. For years, Graves edited and wrote for that publication. She wrote the Old Testament Catechism in Rhyme (1859), on request of the same society, for African American slaves, for which she received US$0.20 a line. Her unpublished poems were numerous.[7]
Graves contributed to different periodicals, mostly fugitive poems, and two prose tales, and a prize tale. "Ruined Lives," published in the Southern Repository, in Memphis, Tennessee, and the drama of Jephthah's Daughter, were some of her other published works.[2]
Graves is mentioned in Woman in Sacred Song, and Southland Poets, as well as in the Successful Men of Tennessee for her extraordinary financial ability, having managed a business of US$15,000−20,000 per year for years at a time.[7]
Selected works
edit- 1835, Woman in Sacred Song
- 1854, First lessons in gentleness and truth.: By Aunt Alice
- 1855, A home book : for good children
- 1859, Melodies of heart and home
- 1859, The child's scripture catechism in rhyme
- 1867, Jephthah's Daughter. A Drama in Five Acts. Founded on the Eleventh Chapter of Judges
- 1869, Seclusaval : or, The arts of romanism
References
editCitations
edit- ^ White 2013, p. 218.
- ^ a b c d e Tardy 1870, p. 722-25.
- ^ a b c Herringshaw 1904, p. 416.
- ^ a b Willard 1893, p. 333.
- ^ Allibone 1896, p. 704.
- ^ Willard 1893, p. 334.
- ^ a b Willard 1893, p. 333-34.
Attribution
edit
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Allibone, Samuel Austin (1896). Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the Earliest Accounts to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century: Containing Thirty Thousand Biographies and Literary Notices, with Forty Indexes of Subjects. Supplement ; 1 : [A - G]. Vol. 4 (Public domain ed.). Childs & Peterson.- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Herringshaw, Thomas William (1904). Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography of the Nineteenth Century: Accurate and Succinct Biographies of Famous Men and Women in All Walks of Life who are Or Have Been the Acknowledged Leaders of Life and Thought of the United States Since Its Formation ... (Public domain ed.). American Publishers' Association.
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Tardy, Mary T (1870). Southland Writers: Biographical and Critical Sketches of the Living Female Writers of the South. With Extracts from Their Writings. Vol. 2 (Public domain ed.). Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger.
- This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Willard, Frances Elizabeth (1893). A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life (Public domain ed.). Moulton. ISBN 9780722217139.
Bibliography
edit- White, Barbara A. (7 May 2013). American Women's Fiction, 1790-1870: A Reference Guide. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-29093-0.
