Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy

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Henriette Adelaide of Savoy (Enrichetta Adelaide Maria; 6 November 1636 – 13 June 1676), was Electress of Bavaria by marriage to Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria. She had much political influence in her adopted country and with her husband did much to improve the welfare of the Electorate of Bavaria.

Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
Electress consort of Bavaria
Tenure27 September 1651 – 13 June 1676
Born(1636-11-06)6 November 1636
Castello del Valentino, Turin, Savoy
Died13 June 1676(1676-06-13) (aged 39)
Nymphenburg Palace, Munich
Spouse
Issue
Detail
Names
  • Enrichetta Adelaide Maria
  • Henriette Adelaide Marie
HouseSavoy
FatherVictor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy
MotherChristine Marie of France

Princess of Savoy

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Born at the Castello del Valentino in Turin, she was the older of twin girls; her sister Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy died in Turin 26 August 1637. On 7 October 1637 she lost her father Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy, when she was just one year old. Her mother, Christine of France, was the daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. After the death of her father, her mother served as Regent of Savoy on behalf of two of Henriette Adelaide's brothers: Francis Hyacinth (1632–1638), then Charles Emmanuel II (1634–1675) after the older brother died. Her uncles Prince Maurice of Savoy and Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano, intrigued against their sister-in-law and her French entourage.

When the first heir Francis Hyacinth died in 1638, the brothers Maurice and Thomas started the Piedmontese Civil War with Spanish support. The two parties in the war were known as the "principisti" (supporters of the princes) and "madamisti" (supporters of "Madama Reale," the Regent Christine ). With the support of her brother, King Louis XIII of France, Marie Christine was able to defeat the challenge to her rule.

Electress of Bavaria

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On 8 December 1650 Henriette married Ferdinand Maria, heir to the Electorate of Bavaria future. The next year he became Elector upon the death of his father Maximilian.

Henriette Adelaide had a strong influence on Bavarian foreign affairs in favor of France, whose royal family counted her mother as a member. This led to an alliance between France and Bavaria against Austria. One of the results of the alliance was the marriage of Henriette's eldest daughter Maria Anna and her cousin Louis, Dauphin of France (le Grand Dauphin), in 1680.

She had a leading role in the building of Nymphenburg Palace and the Theatine Church in Munich. Many Italian artists were invited to Munich, and she also introduced Italian opera to the court of Bavaria.

Henriette died in Munich and was buried in the Theatine Church – the church she and her husband built as a gesture of thanks for the birth of the long-awaited heir to the Bavarian crown, Prince Maximilan II Emanuel, in 1662.

Issue

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In addition, the Electress suffered three miscarriages: in June 1661, March 1664 and 1674.[1][better source needed]

Ancestors

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Notes

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  1. ^ Marek, Miroslav. "Complete Genealogy of the House of Wittelsbach". Genealogy.EU.[self-published source]

References

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  • Preuß: Henriette Adelheid, Kurfürstin von Baiern [In:] Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). vol. 50, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1905, pp. 198–200.
  • Roswitha von Bary: Henriette Adelaide. Kurfürstin von Bayern. Pustet, Regensburg 2004, ISBN 3-7917-1873-8.
  • Cornelia Kemp: Das Herzkabinett der Kurfürstin Henriette Adelaide in der Münchner Residenz. Eine preziöse Liebeskonzeption und ihre Ikonographie [In:] Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst 33, 1982, ISSN 0077-1899, pp. 131–154.
  • Reinhold Baumstark: Abbild und Überhöhung in der höfischen Malerei unter Henriette Adelaide und dem jungen Max Emanuel [In:] Hubert Glaser: Kurfürst Max Emanuel. Bayern und Europa um 1700. vol. I: Zur Geschichte und Kunstgeschichte der Max-Emanuel-Zeit. Hirmer, Munich 1976, ISBN 3-7774-2790-X, pp. 171–205.
  • Else Strobl (1953), "Adelheid (Henriette Maria Adelaide)", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 1, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 58–59; (full text online)
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  Media related to Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy at Wikimedia Commons

Royal titles
Preceded by Electress consort of Bavaria
27 September 1651 – 13 June 1676
Succeeded by