Otto Wilhelm Hermann Abich

(Redirected from Abich Otto Hermann Wilhelm)

Otto Wilhelm Hermann Abich (11 December 1806 – 1 July 1886) was a German mineralogist and geologist who was among the first to conduct scientific studies in the Caucasus region and has been called the Father of Caucasian Geology. He worked briefly at the University of Dorpat and then travelled as part of the Corps of Mining Engineers of the Russian Empire. He collected minerals and fossils across the regions in which he travelled including Armenia, Persia, Italy and Daghestan.

Otto Wilhelm Hermann Abich
Born11 December 1806 (1806-12-11)
Died1 July 1886 (1886-08) (aged 79)
NationalityGerman
Alma materHumboldt University of Berlin
Scientific career
FieldsMineralogy, geology
InstitutionsUniversity of Tartu

Biography

edit

Abich was the son of mining officer Heinrich Carl Wilhelm and his wife Johanna Wilhemine, daughter of the chemist Martin Klaproth. He was born in Berlin and initially went to study law at Heidelberg University but gave it up after two years and transferred to the natural sciences at Berlin university where his teachers included Alexander von Humboldt, Christian Leopold von Buch and Carl Ritter.[1] He also studied philosophy under Georg Hegel and history under Leopold Ranke. His doctoral thesis in 1831 was in Latin. His earliest scientific work is related to spinels and other minerals. Following a recommendation by von Buch, he made special studies of fumaroles, of the mineral deposits around volcanic vents, and of the structure of volcanoes, travelling to Vesuvius, Aetna, Stromboli and Lipari around 1833-34.[2] In 1842 he was appointed professor of mineralogy in the University of Dorpat (Tartu). He worked for the Russian Empire and became a member of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1853. His absence from Dorpat led to his being removed from the university add being placed in the Corps of Mining Engineers under M. S. Vorontsov. He travelled to the Caucasus, Daghestan, Armenia and northern Persia.[3] Residing for some time at Tiflis, he investigated the geology of the Armenian Highland (this term was introduced by Abich)[4] and Caucasus.[5][6] In 1844 and 1845 he ascended Ararat volcano several times,[6] studied the geological event of 1840 that was centered on Ararat (Akori village). He discovered some Miocene mammal fossils in Maragha.[7] At the age of 50 he married Adelaide (Adele) daughter of chemist Hermann Heinrich Hess. In 1877 he retired to Vienna, where he published two volumes on his geological explorations in the Caucasus. He received the Constantine gold medal of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society for this, and a third volume was published posthumously, edited by Eduard Suess, with a biography. He died in Vienna from appendicitis and according to his wishes, he was cremated and the ashes buried in his mother's grave in Koblenz.[8][9] The mineral Abichite was named after him.[10][3]

Publications

edit

Abich published more than 190 papers. The following are some of the major writings, both book and papers in journals, of Abich:

References

edit
  1. ^ "Biography".
  2. ^ Pantaloni, Marco; Console, Fabiana; Petti, Fabio Massimo (2018). "On the trail of Otto Hermann Wilhelm Abich: a journey through the Italian volcanoes". Italian Journal of Geosciences. 137 (1): 106–127. doi:10.3301/IJG.2017.20.
  3. ^ a b   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domainChisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Abich, Otto Wilhelm Hermann von". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 62.
  4. ^ Armenian identity in a changing world, Levon Abrahamian, Mazda Publishers, 2006 – p. 50
  5. ^ "Hermann Abich (1806–1886): 'the Father of Caucasian Geology' and his travels in the Caucasus and Armenian Highlands, by E. E. Milanovsky".
  6. ^ a b Four Centuries of Geological Travel: edited by Patrick N. Wyse Jackson, p. 178
  7. ^ Bernor, Raymond L. (1986). "Mammalian Biostratigraphy, Geochronology, and Zoogeographic Relationships of the Late Miocene Maragheh Fauna, Iran". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 6 (1): 76–95. ISSN 0272-4634.
  8. ^ Milanovsky, E. E. (2007). "Hermann Abich (1806–1886): 'the Father of Caucasian Geology' and his travels in the Caucasus and Armenian Highlands". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 287 (1): 177–181. doi:10.1144/SP287.14. ISSN 0305-8719.
  9. ^ Seibold, Ilse; Seibold, Eugen (2006). "Hermann Wilhelm Abich im Kaukasus: Zum zweihundertsten Geburtstag". International Journal of Earth Sciences. 95 (6): 1087–1100. doi:10.1007/s00531-006-0100-z. ISSN 1437-3254.
  10. ^ Krenkel, Erich (1953). "Abich, Hermann". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 1. p. 19.

Further reading

edit