The 17 cm mittlerer Minenwerfer (17 cm mMW) was a mortar used by Germany in World War I.
| 17 cm mittlerer Minenwerfer | |
|---|---|
 17 cm Minenwerfer n/A at the Verdun Memorial, Verdun, France | |
| Type | Medium trench mortar |
| Place of origin | German Empire |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1913–1918 |
| Used by | |
| Wars | World War I |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Rheinmetall |
| Manufacturer | Rheinmetall |
| Produced | 1913–1918 |
| No. built | approx. 2361 |
| Variants | 17 cm mMW n/A |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 483 kg (1,065 lbs) |
| Barrel length | a/A: 64.6 cm (2 ft 1 in) L/3.8 n/A: 76.5 cm (2 ft 6 in) L/4.5 |
| Calibre | 170 mm (6.69 in) |
| Recoil | hydro-spring |
| Carriage | box trail |
| Elevation | +45° to 90° |
| Traverse | 25° |
| Rate of fire | 20 rpm |
| Muzzle velocity | 200 m/s (656 ft/s) |
| Effective firing range | 300 m (325 yards) |
| Maximum firing range | 1,600 meters (1,700 yd) |
| Sights | panoramic |
Development and use
editThe weapon was developed for use by engineer troops after the Siege of Port Arthur during the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, designed to combat heavier mortars by flinging a lighter shell further in defense of a fortress.[2] It was a muzzle-loading, rifled mortar that had a standard hydro-spring recoil system. It fired 50 kilogram (110 lb) HE shells, which contained far more explosive filler than ordinary artillery shells of the same caliber. The low muzzle velocity allowed for thinner shell walls, hence more space for filler. Furthermore, the low velocity allowed for the use of explosives like ammonium nitrate-carbon that were less shock-resistant than TNT, which was in short supply. This caused a large number of premature detonations that made crewing the Minenwerfer riskier than normal artillery pieces. It was also capable of firing 40 kg gas shells.[3]
A new version of the weapon, with a longer barrel, was put into production at some point during the war. It was called the 17 cm mMW n/A (neuer Art) or 'new pattern', while the older model was termed the a/A (alter Art) or 'old pattern'. The a/A models were also modified into the 16a & 16b, with the 16a having a barrel extension screwed onto the old barrel, and the b being created by replacing the barrel of the old model with a rifled barrel blank which was 4cm shorter than the new model barrels.[4][3]
In action the mMW was emplaced in a pit, after its wheels were removed, not less than 1.5 meters deep to protect it and its crew. It could be towed short distances by four men or carried by 17. Despite its extremely short range, the mMW proved to be very effective at destroying bunkers and other field fortifications. Consequently, its numbers went from 116 in service when the war broke out to some 2,361 in 1918.[5]
Two pieces of 17 cm mMW was also used by SS Heimwehr Danzig troops during the invasion of Poland.[6]
Surviving examples
edit- The Central Museum of The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery, Shilo, Manitoba
- At the Australian War Memorial, Canberra
- Also in Auburn, Massachusetts, an early short barrel model survives at the American Legion Hall
- a/A (1917 Rh.MF. Nr.5763) at the Queensland Museum], Brisbane
- n/A (1917 Sächsische Maschinen Fabrik Nr 5184) at the Campbeltown Heritage Centre, Scotland
- 4980 outside the District Council Service Center, Roxburgh, Otago New Zealand.[7][8]
- Wilbur Avenue, Cranston, Rhode Island
- Memorial Hall, Monson, Massachusetts
- Falls Park, Pendleton, Indiana USA
- Stavely Centennial Park in Stavely, Alberta has a short-barrelled version (serial number 1972) of the mortar on display along with a Spandau machine gun.[9]
- The Vytautas the Great War Museum Home
- Royal Canadian Legion Branch #15 Harbour Grace[10]
See also
editPhoto Gallery
edit-
An early short barreled version on its carriage -
The a/A model in transport mode, with wheels attached -
The n/A model (with long barrel), at the Australian War Memorial, Canberra -
1917 a/A mMW Nr.5753 at the Queensland Museum, Brisbane -
The 1917 n/A model Minenwerfer in the grounds of Campbeltown Heritage Centre, Scotland -
Rheinmetall 17 cm mortar captured by the 2nd Canterbury Infantry Bn on 2 August 1918 as a memorial at the Roxburgh Council Building, New Zealand -
A diagram of a 17 cm chemical shell -
A diagram of a 17 cm incendiary shell
_on_display_at_Campbeltown_Heritage_Centre,_Scotland.JPG)
References
edit- ^ Dambītis, Kārlis (2016). Latvijas armijas artilērija 1919.-1940.g.: Vieta bruņotajos spēkos, struktūra un uzdevumi [Artillery of the Latvian Army (1918–1940): structure, tasks and place in the Armed forces] (PhD thesis). University of Latvia. p. 225.
- ^ "17cm mittlere MinenWerfer alte Art". www.passioncompassion1418.com. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ a b "17cm mittlerer Minenwerfer". www.landships.info. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ Tillmann Reibert. Die Entwicklung des Granatwerfers im Ersten Weltkrieg | Die Entstehung eines neuartigen Waffentyps als Reaktion auf die Bedingungen des Stellungskrieges [The development of the grenade launcher in the First World War | The emergence of a new type of weapon as a reaction to the conditions of trench warfare] (PDF) (PhD thesis) (in German). University of Hamburg.
- ^ The data for this weapon differs between sources and cannot be considered definitive. Data provided has generally been for an a/A mortar as given at the US Army Field Artillery Museum, Ft. Sill, Oklahoma.
- ^ Michaelis, Rolf (2003). SS-Heimwehr Danzig (in Polish). Wydawnictwo Militaria. p. 59. ISBN 8372191824.
- ^ Fox, Dr Aaron. "Distribution". Silent Sentinels. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ^ Cooke, Peter (2013). Great Guns: The Artillery Heritage of New Zealand. Defence of New Zealand Study Group. ISBN 9780473255558.
- ^ Harold A. Skaarup. "Artillery in Alberta, Peace River, Provost, Redcliffe, Red Deer, Sangudo, Sedgewick, Stavely, Taber, Thorhild, Two Hills, Vauxhall, Vermilion and Wainwright". www.SilverHawkAuthor.com. Military History Books. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021.
- ^ Harold A. Skaarup. "Artillery in Newfoundland & Labrador, Happy Valley, Harbour Buffet, Harbour Grace, Harbour Main, Hearts Content, Hearts Delight, Holyrood, La Poile, Mortier, Mount Pearl, Paradise, Seal Cove, Spaniard's Bay, St. Georges, St. Mary's, Stephenville Crossing, Tilting, Trepassey and Trinity". www.SilverHawkAuthor.com. Military History Books. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021.
Bibliography
edit- Jäger, Herbert. (2001). German Artillery of World War One. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN 1-86126-403-8.