Radical 17

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Radical 17 or radical open box (凵部) is one of 23 of the 214 Kangxi radicals that are composed of 2 strokes.

← 16 Radical 17 (U+2F10) 18 →
(U+51F5) "receptacle"
Pronunciations
Pinyin:kǎn
Bopomofo:ㄎㄢˇ
Wade–Giles:kʻan3
Cantonese Yale:hom1
Jyutping:ham3
Pe̍h-ōe-jī:khám
Japanese Kana:カン kan (on'yomi)
Sino-Korean:감 gam
Names
Chinese name(s):凶字框 xiōngzìkuàng
下三框 xiàsānkuāng
Japanese name(s):凵繞/かんにょう kannyō
受け箱/うけばこ ukebako
下箱/したばこ shitabako
函構/かんがまえ kangamae
Hangul:입벌릴 ip beolril
Stroke order animation

is also the 20th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.

As for the similar radicals 22 and 13 , the name of radical 17 is purely descriptive of its shape, 下三框 "lower three-sided frame".

Evolution

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Derived characters

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Strokes Characters
+0
+2 (bad, inauspicious)
+3 (go out, send out) SC (= -> , to hit)
+4
+6 SC/TC variant/Kangxi/JP/KO variant (box)
+7 (=函)
+10 SC (= -> )

The radical does not occur as a character on its own. In combination, it historically takes meanings such as "open mouth", "box", "frame", "hole" or "receptacle".

Also derived from the radical are the Simplified Chinese characters including "to hit", without any historical connection to the radical.

"deep, dark" is derived from radical 46 (山 "mountain") rather than radical 17.

Literature

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  • Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
  • Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2
  • KangXi: page 134, character 17
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